Cell Membrane : Structure and Function
Name : __________________________
Date: ________________
Cell Membrane : Structure and Function
Cell Membrane Structure:
- Early Theory: After chemically analyzing cell membranes, scientists discovered
that the ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________. They then proposed that the Proteins were sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid molecules. (as illustrated below)
[pic]
- Problem: Since the phospholipid tails are hydrophobic (hate water) ____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
"_______________________________________":
- Accepted Theory: There is a double layer of phospholipids but the proteins are scattered through the membrane ( ________________). These embedded proteins float (raft around) among the semi-fluid phospholipids (________________). Many
of these ___________________________ (seen in brown below) _________________
______________________________________________________________________.
[pic]
- Water travels through special protein pores called _______________________
[pic]
The proteins have polar and non-polar regions from the amino acid R-Groups,
which accounts for their placement among the phospholipid bilayer. ___________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________where water flows through.
- Some of the proteins and phospholipids have carbohydrate chains attached to them.
[pic]
- _______________ + ____________________________ = _______________________
- _______________ + ____________________________ = _______________________
- These carbohydrate chains function as cell identification markers. Forming
somewhat of a fingerprint on the outside of the cell. ___________________________
_____________________________________________ (like a foreign cell, cancer cell, or infected cell)
Example: Organ rejection after a transplant.
Cell Membrane Function:
- ______________________ – ___________________________________________
- ______________________ – ___________________________________________
- ______________________ – smaller molecules pass through but not larger ones. Like a Strainer/Sieve.
- The cell membrane is described as being __________________________________ (differentially permeable)-- only certain desirable molecules can pass through,
_______________________________________________________. The membrane has mechanisms to allow for the transport of various types of desirable molecules.
Example : Protein molecules are too large to fit through the various protein pores, but they can be transported across the membrane with vesicle formation.
[pic]
[pic]
-----------------------
Phospholipids
................
................
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