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Section 1: Plant Cells and Tissues

Study Guide B

Key Concept

PLANTS HAVE SPECIALIZED CELLS AND TISSUE SYSTEMS.

Vocabulary

|PARENCHYMA CELL |DERMAL TISSUE |XYLEM |

|COLLENCHYMA CELL |GROUND TISSUE |PHLOEM |

|SCLERENCHYMA CELL |VASCULAR TISSUE | |

MAIN IDEA: PLANT TISSUES ARE MADE OF THREE BASIC CELL TYPES.

WRITE THE FUNCTIONS OF EACH OF THE THREE BASIC CELL TYPES, AND SKETCH OR DESCRIBE THEIR APPEARANCE IN THE CHART BELOW.

|Cell Type |Function |Sketch or Description |

|1. Parenchyma cell | | |

|2. Collenchyma cell | | |

|3. Sclerenchyma cell | | |

Study Guide B continued

Main idea: Plant organs are made of three tissue systems.

FILL IN THE CONCEPT MAP BELOW WITH SUPPORTING DETAILS ABOUT THE THREE TISSUE SYSTEMS OF PLANTS.

Vocabulary Check

|parenchyma cell |sclerenchyma cell |ground tissue |xylem |

|collencyhma cell |dermal tissue |vascular tissue |phloem |

_________________ 14. Outer covering of a plant

_________________ 15. Includes xylem and phloem

_________________ 16. Tissue that makes up the majority of a plant

_________________ 17. Supporting cell type that makes up celery strands

_________________ 18. Vascular tissue that carries sugars

_________________ 19. Strongest cell type that makes up fruit pits

_________________ 20. Most common cell type that can help plants heal from

injury

_________________ 21. Vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals

Section 2: The Vascular System

Study Guide B

Key Concept

THE VASCULAR SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF WATER, MINERALS, AND SUGARS.

Vocabulary

|COHESION-TENSION THEORY |TRANSPIRATION |PRESSURE-FLOW MODEL |

MAIN IDEA: WATER AND DISSOLVED MINERALS MOVE THROUGH XYLEM.

THE COHESION-TENSION THEORY PROPOSES THAT THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ALLOW THE RISE OF WATER THROUGH A PLANT. SKETCH AND DESCRIBE COHESION AND ADHESION OF WATER MOLECULES.

Fill in the sequence diagram below to explain how water moves through the roots, stems, and leaves of a plant within xylem. Use the text and Figure 2.2 to help fill in the diagram.

Study Guide B continued

Main idea: Phloem carries sugars from photosynthesis throughout the plant.

6. PHLOEM SAP MOVES FROM A SUGAR SOURCE TO A SUGAR SINK. WHAT ARE TWO PLANT PARTS THAT MIGHT BE SOURCES OF SUGARS?

7. What is a sugar sink in a plant?

8. The pressure changes between sugar sources and sinks keeps sap flowing through phloem. Is there a higher concentration of sugars at a sugar source or a sugar sink?

9. In the movement of sap through phloem, what two events require energy on the part of the plant?

10. Water moves into the phloem due to the high sugar concentration there. It requires no energy. What is this process called?

Vocabulary Check

|cohesion-tension theory |pressure-flow model |transpiration |

_________________ 11. Well-supported theory that describes how sugars move through a plant within phloem

_________________ 12. Well-supported theory that describes how water and dissolved minerals move through a plant within xylem

_________________ 13. Term that describes how water moves through a plant within xylem by evaporation from leaves

Section 3: Roots and Stems

Study Guide B

Key Concept

ROOTS AND STEMS FORM THE SUPPORT SYSTEM OF VASCULAR PLANTS.

Vocabulary

|VASCULAR CYLINDER |MERISTEM |PRIMARY GROWTH |

|ROOT HAIR |FIBROUS ROOT |SECONDARY GROWTH |

|ROOT CAP |TAPROOT | |

MAIN IDEA: ROOTS ANCHOR PLANTS AND ABSORB MINERAL NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL.

IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, SKETCH A ROOT TIP. DRAW LINES FROM THE TERMS TO LABEL THE SKETCH, AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION FOR EACH OF THE PARTS. USE FIGURE 3.1 AND THE TEXT TO FILL IN THE DIAGRAM.

4. How do root hairs help a plant?

5. What are root systems made of fine, similarly sized branches called?

6. What are root systems that have one main root and can sometimes store food called?

7. Plants are not just soaking up water. They use energy to absorb ___________________.

8. The increased concentration of ions in root cells causes ___________________ to move into the root.

Study Guide B continued

9. An example of a mineral needed in large amounts is ___________________.

10. Other minerals, such as ___________________, are needed in small amounts.

Main Idea: Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage.

11. WHAT ARE THREE FUNCTIONS OF MOST STEMS?

12. Look at Figure 3.4. What are two plants whose stems store water?

13. What special adaptation do strawberry plant stems have?

14. What are two stems that grow underground?

15. What are four characteristics of herbaceous stems?

16. What is growth that makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer called?

17. What is growth that makes stems and roots of woody plants grow wider called?

18. What represents one year of growth on a tree ring?

Vocabulary Check

_________________ 19. Tough covering on root tip

_________________ 20. Unspecialized tissue of dividing cells

_________________ 21. Houses xylem and phloem

_________________ 22. Root system made of equal-sized roots

_________________ 23. Growth pattern that increases height and length

_________________ 24. Increases surface area of a root

_________________ 25. Root system that reaches deep into the ground

_________________ 26. Growth pattern that increases width

Section 4: Leaves

Study Guide B

Key Concept

LEAVES ABSORB LIGHT AND CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Vocabulary

|BLADE |MESOPHYLL |

|PETIOLE |GUARD CELL |

MAIN IDEA: MOST LEAVES SHARE SIMILAR STRUCTURES.

1. SKETCH A LEAF ATTACHED TO A STEM. LABEL THE BLADE, PETIOLE, STEM, AND

AXILLARY BUD.

Use a sequence diagram to fill in the steps describing how stomata regulate

gas exchange.

Study Guide B continued

2. What are three leaf characteristics that can be used for plant identification?

3. How can you tell the difference between a leaf and a leaflet?

Main Idea: Most leaves are specialized systems for photosynthesis.

4. WHAT IS THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUE OF A LEAF?

5. How are the two types of mesophyll found in a leaf specialized for photosynthesis?

6. What are three adaptations of plants that help reduce water loss in a desert or cold environment?

7. Use the following terms and stack them like you were building a sandwich in the order they are found within a leaf: mesophyll, dermal tissue, dermal tissue, cuticle, cuticle.

Vocabulary Check

8. Like the part of a knife with the same name, this is the widest part of a leaf.

9. “Guards” the exchange of gases through stomata

10. This term means “stalk” or “leafstalk.”

11. This term means “middle leaf,” which is where it is found.

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6.

Plant tissue systems

include

include

4.

includes

includes

include

7.

8.

is found

carries

on leaves

5.

on

outside

on wood

12.

becomes

becomes

carries

9.

roots, stems

leaves

13.

provide

contain

10.

11.

chloroplasts

5. Leaves

4. Stems

3. Roots

2. Adhesion

Sketch:

Description

1. Cohesion

Sketch:

Description:

Sketch:

1. Vascular cylinder __________

____________________________

____________________________

2. Apical meristem ___________

____________________________

____________________________

3. Root cap __________________

____________________________

____________________________

During the day stomata are _______________.

_______________ enters.

_______________ occurs.

_______________ in leaves overtakes water absorption in roots.

_______________ close the stomata.

Low _______________ will slow photosynthesis.

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