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Name__________________________Hr_____AP PsychologyUnit 14: Social PsychologyDirections. Answer each of the following questions by choosing the best answer. Relax, breathe in & out, and good luck!Refer to the following definitions.Prototype matching to organize information into categoriesMaintaining information in memory through repetitionDifferential treatment, usually negative, based on group membershipRecognizing an object as distinct from its surroundingsLearning to respond differently to similar stimuli______1. Which is a definition of discrimination that most directly applies to social psychology?Ad) DBe) EC______2. In his Stanford Prison study Zimbardo found thatSituational factors have a powerful impact on social behavior.Group size is an important factor in conformity.Collectivistic cultures tend to encourage more conformity than individualistic cultures.Subjects who are exposed to severe stress develop emotional scars.Internal factors have the most impact on group social behavior. ______3. Denying a person equal social treatment based on his or her group membership defines DiscriminationSocial facilitationPrejudiceSocial scalingChauvinism______4. A student who strongly believes that genetic influence is the major contributor to human personality is analyzing data gathered about identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited in adulthood. The student observes many striking similarities in personality and habits within the twin pairs but does not notice differences within the twin pairs that might argue against the student’s belief. This students behavior illustrates which of the following?Confirmation biasd) MetacognitionThe availability heuristice) A mnemonic An algorithmic error______5. Solomon Asch’s findings on conformity might best be used to explain whymembers of a family all like the taste of bananasadolescents follow fads in dress and hairstylepeople are less likely to accept blame for their failures than to accept credit for their successesbystander intervention is more likely to occur when few, rather than many, bystanders are presentperformance is enhanced in the presence of others______6. A club president discovers that contributions of club members drop when the total contribution of all members is published rather than the contributions of individuals. This drop can be explained by the phenomenon ofgroup polarization learned helplessness social loafing social facilitation socialization______7. Which of the following do individuals experience when their behavior is inconsistent with their attitude?Approach-avoidance conflictCognitive dissonanceIntrinsic motivationHomeostatic motivationOverjustification______8. Two friends attribute their high math scores to their high level of effort and ability in math and their low Spanish scores to their teacher’s subjective grading and favoritism. In this situation these students are exhibitingthe actor-observer effectthe hindsight biasscapegoatingequitythe self-serving bias______9. According to the theory of fundamental attribution error, when explaining the failures of others we usually underestimate the significance ofsituational demands dispositional factors motivational factors support systems inherited traits______10. Social facilitation theory focuses on situations in which the presence of others causes an individual’s performance toremain unchangeddeclineimprovespontaneously recoverbecome fixated______11. Research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are most likely to be attracted to others who are(A) critical of them(B) similar to them in attitudes and values(C) like their parents(D) willing to do favors for them(E) indulgent of their failings______12. The failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of(A) group polarization (B) deindividuation(C) situational attribution(D) diffusion of responsibility(E) mere exposure effect______13. According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to(A) good luck(B) his intelligence(C) his instructor’s teaching ability(D) the low level of difficulty of the exam(E) his classmates’ inadequate preparation for the exam______14, Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch’s experiments on conformity?(A) People conformed if they knew and respected the authority figure present(B) An increase from 7 to 12 confederates increased conformity by experimental subjects.(C) Experimantal subjects conformed less when their judgments were made known to the cup.(D) About 99% of the judgments made by the experimental subjects were wrong.(E) If the confederates’ judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by experimental subjects decreased.______15. Which of the following concepts was advanced by social psychologists to help explain why people who are part of a crowd sometimes commit aggressive, antisocial acts that they would not commit if they were alone?(A) group think(B) Cognitive dissonance(C) Social facilitation(D) Deindividuation(E) Catharsis______16. Which of the following is most useful in understanding an employer’s interpretation of an employee’s poor performance?(A) Cannon’s theory(B) Reinforcement theory(C) Attribution theory(D) Arousal theory(E) Cognitive dissonance______17. According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated torespond to an inborn need to pass their genes to the next generationmaintain an optimal ]evel of arousalsatisfy basic needs such as hunger before proceeding to higher needs such as self- actualization reduce tensions produced by inconsistent thoughtssatisfy needs resulting from tissue deficits______18. The studies by Asch and by Milgram indicate that both conformity to group pressure and obedience to commands are reduced byGroup cohesivenessGroup polarizationThe presence of a dissentera social norm Centralized communication______19. In Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments, subjects were LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when theexperiment was conducted at a prestigious institution“learner” screamed loudly in painexperimenter told hesitant subjects, “You have no choice, you must go on”“learner” said that he had a heart conditionsubjects observed other subjects who refused to obey the experimenter’s order______20. A teacher who is mistakenly informed that a student is learning disabled begins to treat that student differently from others. The teacher does not call on the student in class or help her with challenging material. The student’s grades gradually decline. This result is an example of which of the following?ReactanceSocial loafingActor-observer biasSelf-fulfilling prophecyFundamental attribution error ................
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