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Name: _________________________________________Date: Thursday, December 1, 2016Expansion and SlaveryDirections: Each of these questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case.Which of the following BEST reflected the idea of manifest destiny?The signing of the Webster-Ashburton TreatyHenry Clay’s position on Texas in the election of 1844The establishment of Texas as an independent republicThe campaign platform of James Polk in 1844Northern Whigs during the Mexican WarIn coining the phrase “Manifest Destiny,” journalist John L. O’Sullivan meant thatthe struggle for racial equality was the ultimate goal of America’s existenceAmerica was certain to become an independent country sooner or laterit was the destiny of America to overspread the continentAmerica must eventually become either all slave or all freeAmerica should seek to acquire an oversea environmentPresident Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because heacknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government claim to Texaswas ideologically opposed to territorial expansioncould find no support within his own party for admitting Texasfeared the debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slaverybelieved that admitting Texas would violate international lawThe Webster-Ashburton Treaty dealt with the question of the United States’ boundary with Canadad. the United States’ boundary with MexicoUnited States annexation of Texase. fishing rights off Nova Scotiajoint United States-British occupation with OregonAll of the following contributed to the conflict between Mexico’s government and settlers in Texas in the early 1830s EXCEPTthe collection of import dutiesthe support for annexation by John Tyler and James PolkMexico’s decision to abolish slavery in its territoryMexico’s law requiring acceptance of the Catholic faiththe coming to power of General Santa AnnaThe main reason for the U.S. delay in annexing Texas was thecontroversy over the boundary of Texas and Mexico d. opposition in Congress to adding slave statesopposition of Great Britain and France e. opposition of the Mexican governmentindependent spirit of the settlers in TexasWhich of the following was the LEAST important issue in the election of 1844?settlement of the Oregon borderd. reduction of the tariffacquisition of Californiae. annexation of Texasre-chartering the Bank of the United StatesAll of the following preceded the United States’ war with Mexico EXCEPTgold was discovered in Californiaan emissary was sent to Mexico to try to purchase CaliforniaTexas was annexed to the United StatesMexico defaulted on debts to AmericaZachary Taylor’s forces occupied the territory just north of the Rio GrandeIn the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, which ended the war with Mexico, the United States agreed to which of the following?Land would be acquired through the Gadsden PurchaseThe Nueces River would be recognized as the southern boundary of TexasAn international commission would settle the claims of Americans against MexicoThe United States would pay Mexico $15 millionSlavery would be abolished in the new territoriesWhich of the following was NOT a major consequence of the U.S. war with Mexico?U.S. annexation of TexasLong-term Mexican resentment against the United StatesSecuring Texas’ southern border of the Rio GrandeIncreased sectional tensions over slaveryCession of California and New Mexico to the United StatesWhich of the following is a correct statement about the Wilmot Proviso?It forbade the introduction of slavery into territory acquired from MexicoIt denied President Polk additional funds to conduct the war with MexicoIt compromised differences between the North and the SouthIt passed both houses of Congress but was vetoed by the presidentIt was proposed by the Whigs to embarrass the DemocratsWhich group opposed the Mexican War?Northern Democratsc. Northern Whigse. Know-NothingsSouthern Democratsd. Southern WhigsWhich of the following is LEAST useful in arguing that territorial expansion was motivated by a desire to spread slavery?William Walker’s campaign in Nicaraguad. The annexation of TexasThe Ostend Manifestoe. Opposition to the Wilmot ProvisoThe slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”During the settlement of the West, all of the following were true EXCEPTthe overland trails were used primarily by the very poora large percentage of the western miners were foreign-bornthe mountain men provided much of the early information about the Westin the 1830s and 1840s, the U.S. government gave squatters the right to buy federal landsthe chief interest of most pioneering families who moved West was to engage in agricultureWhich of the following had the greatest impact on transportation in the 1850s?Canal building d. The development of clipper shipsImprovements in the steamboat e. Changes in the design of the overland wagonThe expansion of railroadsWhich of the following statements is true about life on the Western frontier before the Civil War?Settlers lived a more advanced life than at the time of early colonists thanks to new technologySince life on the frontier depended on brute strength, women initially had less rights than men, compared to the EastMost settlers built brick structures to live in on the frontier so that they could prevent fireMore settlers died at early ages from disease and malnutrition than from Indian raidsFarming cotton and tobacco was the quickest way to make money for settlersIn the election of 1848, opposition to expansion of slavery into the territories was the position taken byJames Polkd. Zachary TaylorSam Houstone. Lewis CassMartin Van BurenIn 1849 President Taylor outraged his southern supporters with his proposal torequire public education for slavesd. ban slavery from all U.S. territoriesendorse the concept of popular sovereigntye. admit California as a free stateveto the Wilmot ProvisoWhich of the following most accurately describes Stephen Douglas’ idea of popular sovereignty?A section of western land would be given free to anyone who would homestead it for a certain number of yearsOnly citizens of the United States would be permitted to settle territories acquired from MexicoPublic lands in the new territories would be open on a first-come first-serve basisThe status of slavery in a territory would be determined by the voters in the territoryNew territories would be closed to both slaves and free blacksAll of the following figured prominently in debates over the Compromise of 1850 EXCEPT theprovision for a new Fugitive Slave Lawslave trade in the District of Columbiaadmission of California into the Union as a free statefuture of slavery in the Mexican Cession territoriesextension of slavery into Kansas and Nebraska territoriesThe idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following EXCEPT the belief thatcommerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural basethe use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic huntingwestward expansion was both inevitable and beneficialGod selected America as a chosen land and peoplethe ultimate extent of the American domain was to be the continent of North AmericaThe Whig Party turned against John Tyler becausehe was felt to be ineffective in pushing the Whig agenda through Congresshe spoke out in favor of the annexation of Texashe opposed the entire Whig legislative programhe criticized Henry Clay’s handling of the Nullification Crisishe aggressively favored the expansion of slaveryAll of the following were causes of the Mexican War EXCEPTAmerican desire for CaliforniaMexican failure to pay debts and damages owed to the United StatesUnited States annexation of the formerly Mexican held Republic of TexasMexican desire to annex Louisianathe disputed southern boundary of TexasThe most significant aspect of the Mexican-American War on the United States during the 20 years following the war was that itled to the development of the idea of “passive resistance” among those opposed the warended years of hostility between the United States and Mexicoreignited the slavery conflict in regards to all the territories newly acquired from Mexicogave America undisputed control over Mexican foreign policy for the next 20 yearsrevealed the shocking ineptitude of American military forces, leading to massive reforms in military training and procedures throughout the 1850sIn the 1830s and 1840s, the primary difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was thatthe Whigs favored economic expansion while the Democrats favored a stable but retracted economythe Democrats favored the abolition of slavery while the Whigs favored retaining the current system of slavery being allowed in the Southern states that desired it, but no further expansion of slavery north of the Mason-Dixon linethe Whigs favored an expanded, activist federal government while the Democrats favored a limited non-interventionist federal governmentthe Democrats were strongly supported by Evangelical Christians and supported a wide range of moral reforms while the Whigs were supported by Westerners who favored individual choice over morally based restrictions on behaviorthe Whigs favored limitations on westward expansion while the Democrats favored the concept of “manifest destiny” and expansion to the Pacific OceanThe Mexican War of 1846 was fought primarily to avenge the slaughter of 186 Texans at the Alamo by Santa Anna’s Mexican forcesdrive the Spanish from Mexico and establish Mexican freedom once and for allstop raids by Mexican “bandits” into United States territory in Texas and Arkansasacquire California, New Mexico, and disputed territory along Texas’ southern and western borders from Mexicodepose the Mexican dictator Santa Anna and replace his regime with a democratically elected government friendly to the United StatesTo most Americans in the 1840s and 1850s, the idea of Manifest Destiny meant all of the following EXCEPTthe American would irresistibly spread their democratic institutions over North America and possibly South AmericaGod had “manifestly” destined the American people for a hemispheric careerAmerican civilization and “Anglo-American stock” were superior to the non-white and Hispanic peoples and cultures of North Americajustification for the annexation of Texasthe extension of civil and political equality to Indians and free BlacksThe events occurring during James K. Polk’s presidency would best characterize Polk asa Presidential failured. a good Jacksonian Democratan opponent to western expansione. a strong anti-slavery fightera President who was accomplished in foreign matters, but unaccomplished at homeAmericans wanted to expand into Oregon and Texas in the 1840s and 1850s becausemany Americans had settled there in the 1820s and 1830sthere was a wealth of natural resources in those territoriesSoutherners and Northerners were in competition to quickly gain territoriesfur trade was becoming more and more profitableboth areas had ideal farming conditions for cotton, the most profitable U.S. crop at the timeThe immediate cause of the Mexican War wasthe American cession of the Oregon territoryThomas Jones’ attempt to seize California for the Americansthe flow of Americans into Mexican owned far west areasAmerican and Mexican disagreements over the Texas-Mexico bordera Mexican attack on some of Zachary Taylor’s troopsWhich of the following events did the most to convince Northerners to view slavery as sin in the 1830s?The publication of Uncle Tom’s CabinThe First Great AwakeningThe Second Great AwakeningJohn Brown’s raid on Harper’s FerryThe slave revolts of Denmark Vesey and Nat TurnerThe western frontier was home to all of the following EXCEPTfur tradingc. cattle rancherse. minersbrokersd. squattersPresident John Tyler entered his presidential administration severely weakened. Each of the following statements accurately describes a weakness EXCEPT?Whig party was dominated by northern business interests while Tyler was a southern planter.Henry Clay and Daniel Webster were more powerful within the Whig party than Tyler.Tyler's personal political views were opposite of the majority of the Whig party.Tyler came from a small minority element of the Whig party.As the first vice president to inherit the presidency through death, Tyler's power and position were undefined and uncertain. The Aroostook War involved which of the following issues?Impressment of U.S. merchant sailors on the high seas.Unpaid debts to British merchants by American creditors.Border dispute on the Maine-Canada boundary.Navigation of the Great Lakes.Tariffs on goods shipped from Canada to U.S.Great Britain was interested in maintaining the independence of the Republic of Texas for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?To establish a trading partner in North America.d. To challenge the Monroe Doctrine.Potential future source of cotton.e. To block U.S. expansion southward.To create a counterbalance against the power of Mexico in the Caribbean.President John Tyler arranged for the annexation of Texas to be accomplished by which of the following means?Presidential decree.d. Supreme Court decision on presidential powers.2/3rds Senate approval of treaty of annexation.e. Approval by 2/3rds of the state legislatures.Joint resolution of both Houses of Congress.The American claim to the Oregon Territory was strengthened by all of the following EXCEPT?Lewis and Clark Expedition.American missionaries among the Indians of the Willamette River Valley.Hudson Bay Company claims.1792 voyage of Robert Grey.Increasing numbers of American settlers flowing into territory.The Democrats in the 1844 election held all of the following campaign or platform positions EXCEPT?Occupation of Oregon.d. Attacked Clay for the “Corrupt Bargain.”Annexation of Texase. Criticized Clay as a slave owner.Demanded the seizure of Cuba.As president Polk developed a four-point program of goals that included all of the following EXCEPT?Acquisition of California.d. Immediate annexation of Texas.Lower national tariff.e. Settling the Oregon boundary question.Restoration of Independent Treasury.The "spot: resolutions in which anti-slavery Whigs demanded proof that Mexico had attacked U.S. citizens on U.S. soil were authored by?James Russell Lowell.c. Abraham Lincoln.e. Nicholas Trist.Henry Clay.d. John C. Calhoun.All of the following were terms contained within the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) EXCEPT?U.S. title to Texas is confirmed by Mexico.California is transferred to the U.S.Territory between Texas and California up to Oregon transferred to U.S.U.S. pays Mexico $15 million.Mexico must pay the $3 million in claims held against it by U.S. citizens.The Wilmot Proviso (amendment) concerned which of the following issues?States carved from the Mexican Cession required 3/4th approval of Congress before admission.Slavery forbidden in territories gained from Mexico.Authorized $15 million payment to Mexico for territory.Texas to be admitted as state only if slavery was abolished.Polk was required to renegotiate the Oregon boundary.Documents: "Mexico is to us the forbidden fruit; the penalty of eating it would be political death," John C. Calhoun. "Mexico to us is poison..." Ralph Waldo Emerson.The concerns expressed by both Calhoun and Emerson centered on what other issue related to the war with Mexico?Aggression in Mexico would cost us friendship of other Latin American states.Britain and France might be drawn into war with U.S. over California.Manifest Destiny could well destroy democracy.New territories would bring up the question of slavery.Expansionists would demand Canada and the rest of Mexico next.Above all things, each of the two major parties in the United States in 1848, the Whigs and the Democrats, considered which of the following vital to both their own political survival and the continuation of the national Union?Maintain party control over the national Congress.Enforce their views regarding federal laws governing the territories.Keep the White House within the control of the partyAvoid discussion of slavery, take no position, and anger no one.Prevent the nation from entering another foreign war.Popular sovereignty was an appealing solution to the slavery issue in the territories for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?Had democratic appeal of self-determination.Once decision was made, it could not be reversed except by another vote.Was a working compromise between two radical groups.Placed the decision in the hands of the people.Defused dangerous national issue into many small local brushfires.Northern anti-slavery supporters did not trust either of the major parties, so they formed a third party movement called the Free Soil Party. All of the following were campaign positions of that party EXCEPT?Supported the Wilmot Proviso.Advocated federal funds for internal improvements.Supported free homesteads for families settling the territories.Demanded federal government renegotiates the Oregon treaty.Opposed permitting slavery in the territories.What factor pushed the issue of California statehood ahead of the normal time schedule for the development of a territory?Need for government structures to manage the great wealth of California.Insistence by Free Soilers that Californians vote on popular sovereignty.Sudden influx of population and rise of lawlessness.Need to curb racial violence of groups like the Kearneyites.Threat that Mexico might recover the territory if not promptly organized.In 1850 the South was in good political shape. Each of the following descriptions explains why that was true EXCEPT?Zachary Taylor, the president, was a southern slave-owner.The majority of the presidential cabinet was southerners.Most of the justices on the U.S. Supreme Court were southerners.There was an exact balance of slave/free states in the U.S. Senate.In the House southerners dominated the chairmanships of all-important committees.The South was deeply troubled and even frightened in 1850 for the future because of all of the following factors EXCEPT?A free California would unbalance the equilibrium in the Senate.Abolitionist societies were popping up in every major southern city.Little of the territory left in the Union was useful to the slave system.The federal government was attempting to detach a huge section of Texas and assign it to New Mexico.Runaway slaves and the Underground Railroad were troublesome to the South.Which of the following comments would BEST describe the IMPACT of the fugitive slave problem upon slavery in the South in 1850?Loss of runaway slaves was having a heavy economic impact upon planters.More slaves were probably freed by masters than ran away.Runaways had more psychological consequences than economic impact.Planters considered the fugitive slave issue a violation of the Constitution.Moral judgments of abolitionists insulted the planters. ................
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