Elsevier: Karen M. Tobias Spencer A. Johnston: Veterinary ...
SECTION V: Skin and Reconstruction
Chapter 75: Primary Wound Closure
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REFERENCES
1. Akgun K, Korpinar MA, Kalkan MT, et al: Temperature changes in superficial and deep tissue layers with respect to time of cold gel pack application in dogs. Yonsei Med J 45(4):711–718, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
2. Berger N, Eeg PH: Veterinary laser surgery: a practical guide, ed 1, Ames, IA, 2006, Blackwell Publishing.
3. Blomme EA, Chinn KS, Hardy MN, et al: Selective cyclooxygenase inhibition does not affect the healing of cutaneous full-thickness incisional wounds in SKH-1 mice. Br J Dermatol 148:211–223, 2003.
4. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3–14, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579–587, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Cahill RA, Sheehan KM, Scanlon RW, et al: Effects of a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor on colonic anastomotic and skin wound integrity. Br J Surg 91:1613–1618, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
7. Cengiz Y, Blomquist P, Israelsson LA: Small tissue bites and wound strength. Arch Surg 136:272–275, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
8. Chu C, vonFraunhofer JA, Greisler HP: Wound closure biomaterials and devices, ed 1, Boca Raton, FL, 1997, CRC Press.
9. Doughty DB, Sparks-Defriese B: Wound-healing physiology. In Bryant RA, Nix DP, editors: Acute & chronic wounds, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, p 56.
10. Eidelman A, Weiss JM, Enu IK, et al: Comparative efficacy and costs of various topical anesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. J Clin Anesth 17:106–116, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
11. Fahie MA, Shettko D: Evidence-based wound management: a systematic review of therapeutic agents to enhance granulation and epithelialization. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 37:559–577, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
12. Freeman LJ, Pettit GD, Robinette JD, et al: Tissue reaction to suture material in the feline linea alba: retrospective, prospective, and histologic study. Vet Surg 16:440, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
13. Gellman CL, Barroso EG, Britton CT, et al: The effect of lasers, electrocautery and sharp dissection on cutaneous flaps. Plast Reconst Surg 94:829, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
14. Hamamoto T, Yabuki A, Yamate O, et al: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 induction during wound healing in dog skin. Res Vet Sci 87(3):349–354, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
15. Hohenleutner U, Egner N, Hohenleutner S, et al: Intradermal buried vertical mattress suture as sole skin closure: evaluation of 149 cases. Acta Derm Venereol 80:344–347, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
16. Hosgood G: Stages of wound healing and their clinical relevance. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 36:667–685, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
17. Irwin DHG: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
18. Johnson RG, Cohn WE, Thurer RL, et al: Cutaneous closure after cardiac operations. A controlled, randomized, prospective comparison of intradermal versus staple closures. Ann Surg 226(5):606–612, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
19. Kettle C, Hills RK, Ismail KMK: Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second degree tears [review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4): CD000947. PUBMED Abstract
20. Kirpensteijn J, Maarschalkerweerd RJ, Koeman JP, et al: Comparison of two suture materials for intradermal skin closure in dogs. Vet Q 19:20–22, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
21. Knecht CD, Clark RL, Fletcher OJ: Healing of sharp incisions and electroincisions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1447–1452, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
22. Ko J, Weil A, Maxwell L, et al: Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:280–283, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Kummeling A, van Sluijs FJ: Closure of the rectus sheath with a continuous looped suture and the skin with staples in dogs: speed, safety, and costs compared to closure of the rectus sheath with interrupted sutures and the skin with a continuous subdermal suture. Vet Q 20:126–130, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Lee KS, Kim NG, Jang PY, et al: Statistical analysis of surgical dog-ear regression. Dermatol Surg 34:8, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Mauldin GE, Davidson JR: Nutritional support of hospitalized cats and dogs. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 87.
26. Mbugua SW, Skoglund LA, Lokken P: Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post-operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs. Acta Vet Scan 30:27, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
27. Orgill D, Demling RH: Current concepts and approaches to wound healing. Crit Care Med 16:899–908, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
28. Pavletic MM: Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders.
29. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 250.
30. Pearl ML, Rayburn WF: Choosing abdominal incision and closure techniques: a review. J Reprod Med 49:662–670, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
31. Richey ML, Roe SC: Assessment of knot security in continuous intradermal wound closures. J Surg Res 123:284–288, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
32. Rosin E, Robinson GM: Knot security of suture materials. Vet Surg 18:269–273, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
33. Savvas I, Papazoglou LG, Kazakos G, et al: Incisional block with bupivacaine for analgesia after celiotomy in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:60–66; 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Morse BS, et al: Evaluation of fibrin sealants in cutaneous wound closure. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48:315–321, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
35. Silverman EB, Read RW, Boyle CR, et al: Histologic comparison of canine skin biopsies collected using monopolar electrosurgery, CO2 laser, radiowave radiosurgery, skin biopsy punch, and scalpel. Vet Surg 36:50–56, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
36. Smeak DD: Avoiding skin tension without flaps. North American Veterinary Conference, 2006. Available at: . asp?LA=1.
37. Smeak DD: Buried continuous intradermal suture closure. Comp Contin Ed Pract Vet 14:907–919, 1992.
38. Smoot E, Clyde MD: Method for securing a subcuticular suture with minimal buried knot. Plast Reconst Surg 102:2447–2449, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
39. Stanley BJ: Impaired wound healing challenges. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at: 512.asp?LA=1.
40. Stewart JB: Tissue sparing repair. A new approach to shorten excisional lines. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18:822–826, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
41. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins.
42. Sylvestre A, Wilson J, Hare J: A comparison of 2 different suture patterns for skin closure of canine ovariohysterectomy. Can Vet J 43:699–702, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
43. Taylor GI, Minabe T: The angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:181, 1192.
44. Temple WJ, Voitk AJ, Snelling CF, et al: Effect of nutrition, diet and suture material on long-term wound healing. Ann Surg 182:93–97, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
45. Toombs JP, Clarke KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 199.
46. Trott AT: Wounds and lacerations: emergency care and closure, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Mosby.
47. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 274.
48. VanWinkle W, Hastings JC: Considerations in the choice of suture material for various tissues. Surg Gynecol Obstet 135:113–126, 1972.
49. Vasconcellos CH, Matera JM, Dagli ML: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59–63, 2005.
50. Weiland L, Croubels S, Baert K, et al: Pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch 5% in dogs. J Vet Med 53:34–39, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
51. Wilson DA: Early wound management. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at . proceedings/navc/2006/LA/096.asp?LA=1.
Chapter 76: Open Wounds
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REFERENCES
1. Adkesson MJ, Travis EK, Weber MA, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure for treatment of a deep shell abscess and osteomyelitis in a tortoise. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1249, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
2. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 38:563, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
3. Australian Wound Management Association: Standard for wound management, 2002, Available at .
4. Australian Wound Management Association: Bacterial impact on wound healing: from contamination to infection. Position Document of the Australian Wound Management Association, 2002, Available at .
5. Baldwin C, Potter M, Clayton E, et al: Topical negative pressure stimulates endothelial migration and proliferation: a suggested mechanism for improved integration of Integra. Ann Plast Surg 62:92, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P: The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med 9:267, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bardy J, Slevin NJ, Mais KL, et al: A systematic review of honey uses and its potential value within oncology care. J Clin Nurs 17:2604, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
8. Ben-Amotz R, Lanz OI, Miller JM, et al: The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of distal extremity wounds in 15 dogs. Vet Surg 36:684, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
9. Blackburn JH 2nd, Boemi L, Hall WW, et al: Negative-pressure dressings as a bolster for skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg 40:453, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
10. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
11. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
12. Bovill E, Banwell PE, Teot L, et al: Topical negative pressure wound therapy: a review of its role and guidelines for its use in the management of acute wounds. Int Wound J 5:511, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
13. Bowler PG, Jones SA, Walker M, et al: Microbicidal properties of a silver-containing hydrofiber dressing against a variety of burn wound pathogens. J Burn Care Rehabil 25:192, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
14. Buffa EA, Lubbe AM, Verstraete FJM, et al: The effect of wound lavage solution on canine fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 26:460, 1986.
15. Cazander G, van Veen KE, Bernards AT, et al: Do maggots have an influence on bacterial growth? A study on the susceptibility of strains of six different bacterial species to maggots of Lucilia sericata and their excretions/secretions. J Tissue Viability 18:80, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
16. Chatterjee JS: A critical review of irrigation techniques in acute wounds. Int Wound J 2:258, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
17. Fernandez R, Griffiths R: Water for wound cleansing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003861, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
18. Fong J, Wood F, Fowler B: A silver coated dressing reduces the incidence of early burn wound cellulitis and associated costs of inpatient treatment: comparative patient care audits. Burns 31:562, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
19. French VM, Cooper RA, Molan PC: The antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 56:228, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
20. Gabriel A, Shores J, Heinrich C, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: a pilot study describing a new method for treating infected wounds. Int Wound J 5:399, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
21. Gregor S, Maegele M, Sauerland S, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy: a vacuum of evidence? Arch Surg 143:189, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Guille AE, Tseng LW, Orsher RJ: Use of vacuum-assisted closure for management of a large skin wound in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1669, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Gupta A: A review of the use of maggots in wound therapy. Ann Plast Surg 60:224, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
24. Jacobs S, Simhaee DA, Marsano A, et al: Efficacy and mechanisms of vacuum-assisted closure (vac) therapy in promoting wound healing: a rodent model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1331–1338, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
25. Jaklic D, Lapanje A, Zupancic K, et al: Selective antimicrobial activity of maggots against pathogenic bacteria. J Med Microbiol 57:617, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
26. Jeschke MG, Sandmann G, Schubert T, et al: Effect of oxidized regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix on dermal and epidermal healing and growth factors in an acute wound. Wound Repair Regen 13:324, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
27. Jones SA, Bowler PG, Walker M, et al: Controlling wound bioburden with a novel silver-containing hydrofiber dressing. Wound Repair Regen 12:288, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
28. Jull A, Walker N, Parag V, et al: Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg 95:175, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
29. Jull AB, Rodgers A, Walker N: Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005083, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
30. Kairinos N, Solomons M, Hudson DA: Negative-pressure wound therapy I: the paradox of negative-pressure wound therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:589, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kairinos N, Voogd AM, Botha PH, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy II: negative-pressure wound therapy and increased perfusion. Just an illusion? Plast Reconstr Surg 123:601, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
32. Labler L, Rancan M, Mica L, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy increases local interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in traumatic wounds. J Trauma 66:749, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lee WR, Tobias KM, Bemis DA, et al: In vitro efficacy of a polyhexamethylene biguanide-impregnated gauze dressing against bacteria found in veterinary patients. Vet Surg 33:404, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
34. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The method of quantitative burn-wound biopsy cultures and its routine use in the care of the burned patient. Am J Clin Pathol 61:20, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
35. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The use of quantitative biopsy cultures in bacteriologic monitoring of burn patients. J Surg Res 16:1, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
36. Malmsjo M, Ingemansson R, Martin R, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy using gauze or open-cell polyurethane foam: similar early effects on pressure transduction and tissue contraction in an experimental porcine wound model. Wound Repair Regen 17:200, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
37. McNulty AK, Schmidt M, Feeley T, et al: Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on fibroblast viability, chemotactic signaling, and proliferation in a provisional wound (fibrin) matrix. Wound Repair Regen 15:838, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
38. Metzmacher I, Ruth P, Abel M, et al: In vitro binding of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and bacterial collagenase on collagenous wound dressings. Wound Repair Regen 15:549, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Mitchell V, Galizia JP, Fournier L: Precise diagnosis of infection in burn wound biopsy specimens. Combination of histologic technique, acridine orange staining, and culture. J Burn Care Rehabil 10:195, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
40. Mitsui A, Mathews KG, Linder KE, et al: Effects of fascial abrasion, fasciotomy, and fascial excision on cutaneous wound healing in cats. Am J Vet Res 70:532, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
41. Monstrey S, Hoeksema H, Verbelen J, et al: Assessment of burn depth and burn wound healing potential. Burns 34:761, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
42. Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann Plast Surg 38:553, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
43. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Priya A: A meta-analysis of wound irrigation comparing tap-water versus sterile saline. Ann Emerg Med 48:S84, 2006.
44. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Reardon RF, et al: A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation. Acad Emerg Med 14:404, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Mueller SW, Krebsbach LE: Impact of an antimicrobial-impregnated gauze dressing on surgical site infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Infect Control 36:651, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
46. Nguyen TT, Cox CS, Traber DL, et al: Free radical activity and loss of plasma antioxidants, vitamin e, and sulfhydryl groups in patients with burns: the 1993 Moyer Award. J Burn Care Rehabil 14:602, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
47. Olaitan PB, Adeleke OE, Ola IO: Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr Health Sci 7:159, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
48. Potter MJ, Banwell P, Baldwin C, et al: In vitro optimisation of topical negative pressure regimens for angiogenesis into synthetic dermal replacements. Burns 34:164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Pruitt BA Jr, Foley FD: The use of biopsies in burn patient care. Surgery 73:887, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
50. Ramundo J, Gray M: Enzymatic wound debridement. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 35:273, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
51. Robson MC, Heggers JP: Delayed wound closure based on bacterial counts. J Surg Oncol 2:379, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
52. Sanchez IR, Nusbaum KE, Swaim SF: Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Surg 17:182, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
53. Saxena V, Hwang CW, Huang S, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: microdeformations of wounds and cell proliferation, Plast Reconstr Surg 114:1086, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
54. Schallberger SP, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al: Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs. Vet Surg 37:515, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
55. Senet P: Becaplermin gel (Regranex gel). Ann Dermatol Venereol 131:351, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Swaim SF, Gillette RL, Sartin EA, et al: Effects of a hydrolyzed collagen dressing on the healing of open wounds in dogs. Am J Vet Res 61:1574, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
57. Ubbink DT, Westerbos SJ, Nelson EA, et al: A systematic review of topical negative pressure therapy for acute and chronic wounds. Br J Surg 95:685, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
58. Ueno H, Murakami M, Okumura M, et al: Chitosan accelerates the production of osteopontin from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biomaterials 22:1667, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
59. Ueno H, Ohya T, Ito H, et al: Chitosan application to x-ray irradiated wound in dogs. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60:304, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
60. Wackenfors A, Gustafsson R, Sjogren J, et al: Blood flow responses in the peristernal thoracic wall during vacuum-assisted closure therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1724, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
61. Whaley S: Tap water or normal saline for cleansing traumatic wounds? Br J Community Nurs 9:471, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
62. Wheeler CB, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, et al: Side-effects of high pressure irrigation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:775, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
63. White JW Jr, Subers MH, Schepartz AI: The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system. Biochim Biophys Acta 73:57, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
64. Wiegand C, Heinze T, Hipler UC: Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen 17:511, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
65. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, et al: Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy. N Z Med J 122:47, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
66. Wilkes R, Zhao Y, Kieswetter K, et al: Effects of dressing type on 3d tissue microdeformations during negative pressure wound therapy: a computational study. J Biomech Eng 131:031012, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
67. Willix DJ, Molan PC, Harfoot CG: A comparison of the sensitivity of wound-infecting species of bacteria to the antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and other honey. J Appl Bacteriol 73:388, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
68. Winkler JT, Swaim SF, Sartin EA, et al: The effect of a porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa product on wounds with exposed bone in dogs. Vet Surg 31:541, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 77: Tension-Relieving Techniques
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REFERENCES
1. Abramson DL, Gibstein LA, Pribaz JJ: An inexpensive method of intraoperative skin stretching for closure of large cutaneous wounds. Ann Plast Surg 38:540–542, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
2. Al-Bagdadi F: The Integument. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 98–121.
3. Alvarado A: Reciprocal incisions for closure of circular skin defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 67:482–491, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
4. Austin BR, Henderson RA: Buried tension sutures: force-tension comparisons of pulley, double butterfly, mattress, and simple interrupted suture patterns. Vet Surg 35:43–48, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bailey JV, Jacobs KA: The mesh expansion method of suturing wounds on the legs of horses. Vet Surg 12:78–82, 1983.
6. Belkoff SM, Naylor EC, Walshaw R, et al: Effects of subcutaneous expansion on the mechanical properties of porcine skin. J Surg Res 58:117–123, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
7. Hamilton HL, McLaughlin SA, Whitley RD, et al: Surgical reconstruction of severe cicatricial ectropion in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:212–218, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
8. Hedlund CS: Large trunk wounds. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36:847–872, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
9. Hedlund CS: Surgery of the integumentary system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 134–228.
10. Hochman M, Branham G, Thomas JR: Relative effects of intraoperative tissue expansion and undermining on wound closing tensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118:1185–1187, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
11. Irwin DH: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593–598, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
12. Johnson TM, Brown MD, Sullivan MJ, et al: Immediate intraoperative tissue expansion. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:283–287, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
13. Johnston DE: Tension-relieving techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:67–80, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
14. Johnston DE: Tissue expanders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:227–234, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
15. Keller WG, Aron DN, Rakich PM, et al: Rapid tissue expansion for the development of rotational skin flaps in the distal portion of the hindlimb of dogs: an experimental study. Vet Surg 23:31–39, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
16. Liang MD, Briggs P, Heckler FR, et al: Presuturing—a new technique for closing large skin defects: clinical and experimental studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 81:694–702, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
17. Mackay DR, Saggers GC, Kotwal N, et al: Stretching skin: undermining is more important than intraoperative expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:722–730, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
18. Melis P, Noorlander ML, van der Horst CM, et al: Rapid alignment of collagen fibers in the dermis of undermined and not undermined skin stretched with a skin-stretching device. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:674–680; discussion 681–672, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
19. Melis P, Noorlander ML, van der Kleij AJ, et al: Oxygenation and microcirculation during skin stretching in undermined and nonundermined skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 112:1295–1301, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
20. Pavletic MM: Skin stretching techniques. In Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 173–189.
21. Pavletic MM: Tension-relieving techniques. In Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 131–171.
22. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 250–259.
23. Pavletic MM: Use of an external skin-stretching device for wound closure in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:350–354, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
24. Ridge MD, Wright V: The directional effects of skin. A bio-engineering study of skin with particular reference to Langer’s lines. J Invest Dermatol 46:341–346, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
25. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Henderson RA, et al: Enhancing wound closure on the limbs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 18:919–933, 1996.
26. Shapiro AL, Hochman M, Thomas JR, et al: Effects of intraoperative tissue expansion and skin flaps on wound closing tensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:1107–1111, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
27. Sharobaro VI, Moroz VY, Starkov YG, et al: First experience of endoscopic implantation of tissue expanders in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Surg Endosc 18: 513–517, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
28. Spodnick GJ, Pavletic MM, Clark GN, et al: Controlled tissue expansion in the distal extremities of dogs. Vet Surg 22:436–443, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
29. Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Vaughn DM, et al: The greyhound dog as a model for studying pressure ulcers. Decubitus 6:32–35, 38–40, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
30. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Management of skin tension. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 143–190.
31. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Various shaped wounds. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 235–274.
32. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 274–292.
33. Webb AJ, Calhoun ML: The microscopic anatomy of the skin of mongrel dogs. Am J Vet Res 15:274–280, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
34. Webster RC, Davidson TM, Smith RC, et al: M-plasty techniques. J Dermatol Surg 2:393–396, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
35. Wilhelmi BJ, Blackwell SJ, Mancoll JS, et al: Creep vs. stretch: a review of the viscoelastic properties of skin. Ann Plast Surg 41:215–219, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
36. Zeng YJ, Xu CQ, Yang J, et al: Biomechanical comparison between conventional and rapid expansion of skin. Br J Plast Surg 56:660–666, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 78: Local or Subdermal Plexus Flaps
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REFERENCES
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2. Basher A: Foot injuries in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 16:1159, 1994.
3. Bradley DM, Shealy PM, Swaim SF: Meshed skin graft and phalangeal fillet for paw salvage: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:427, 1993.
4. Friedman HIF: An evidence-based appraisal of the use of hyperbaric oxygen on flaps and grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:175S, 2007.
5. Ghali S, Butler PEM, Tepper OM, et al: Vascular delay revisited. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:1735, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
6. Hunt GB: Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large sternal and inguinal wounds in cats and dogs. Vet Surg 24:172, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
7. Hunt GB: Use of the lip-to-lid flap for replacement of the lower eyelid in five cats. Vet Surg 35:284, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
8. Hunt GB, Tisdall PLC, Liptak JM, et al: Skin fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in cats and dogs. Vet Surg 30:440, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
9. Irwin DHG: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:595, 1966.
10. Matera JM, Tatarunas AC, Fantoni DT, et al: Use of the scrotum as a transposition flap for closure of surgical wounds in three dogs. Vet Surg 33:99, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
11. McGraw-Hill concise dictionary of modern medicine, New York, 2002, McGraw-Hill.
12. Milton SH: Pedicled skin flaps: the fallacy of the length:width ratio. Br J Surg 57:502–508, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
13. Pavletic MM: Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid reconstruction in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:921, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
14. Pavletic MM: Nasal and rostral labial reconstruction in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:913, 1983.
15. Pavletic MM: Pedicle grafts. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 292.
16. Pavletic MM: Vascular supply to the skin of the dog: a review. Vet Surg 9:77, 1980.
17. Séguin B, McDonald DE, Kent MS, et al: Tolerance of cutaneous or mucosal flaps placed into a radiation therapy field in dogs. Vet Surg 34:214–222, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
18. Smith MM, Gourley IM: Preputial reconstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1493, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
19. Suzuki S, Isshiki N, Ogawa Y, et al: The minimal requirement of circulation for survival of undelayed and delayed flaps in rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 77:222–227, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
20. Swaim SF, Garrett PD: Foot salvage techniques in dogs and cats: options, “do’s” and “don’ts.” J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:511, 1985.
21. Vasconcellos CH de C, Matera JM, Dagli MLZ: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 79: Axial Pattern and Myocutaneous Flaps
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8. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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13. Dundas JM, Fowler JD, Shmon CL, et al: Modification of the superficial cervical axial pattern skin flap for oral reconstruction. Vet Surg 34:206, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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16. Fahie MA, Smith MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial temporal artery in cats: an experimental study. Vet Surg 26:86, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
17. Forrest CR, Pang CY, Zhong AG, Neligan PC: Role of noradrenaline in the pathogenesis of skin flap ischemic necrosis in the pig. J Surg Res 48(3):237, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
18. Fowler JD, Degner DA, Walshaw R, et al: Microvascular free tissue transfer: results in 57 consecutive cases. Vet Surg 27:406, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
19. Gray MJ: Chronic axillary wound repair in a cat with omentalisation and omocervical skin flap. J Sm Anim Pract 46:499, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
20. Griffiths RW, Hobby JA, Humphries NL, Trengove-Jones G: The influence of postoperative pharmacological vasodilator agents on the pattern of necrosis in a standardised rat skin flap. Br J Plast Surg 34(4):441, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
21. Guba AM Jr, Callahan J: Nutrient blood flow in delayed axial pattern skin flaps in pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg 64(3):372, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
22. Guba AM Jr: Study of the delay phenomenon in axial pattern flaps in pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(4):550, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
23. Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ, et al: Use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the thoracic wall after en bloc resection of primary rib chondrosarcoma in five dogs. Vet Surg 36:587, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
24. Hartmann M, Jonsson K, Zederfeldt B: Effect of tissue perfusion and oxygenation on accumulation of collagen in healing wounds. Eur J Surg 158:521, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
25. Henney LHS, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog. Vet Surg 17:311, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
26. Holzbach T, Neshkova I, Vlaskou D, et al: Searching for the right timing of surgical delay: angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor and perfusion changes in a skin-flap model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Hoopes JE, Im MJ: Skin flap necrosis in guinea pigs: limitation of glucose supply and accumulation of lactate. Plast Reconstr Surg 61(5):748, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
28. Hunt GB, Tisdall PLC, Liptak JM, et al: Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 30:440, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Isakow K, Fowler D, Shmon D, et al: Investigation of a modified reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog. Vet Compar Orthop Traumatol 15:30, 2002.
30. Jacobi S, Stanley BJ, Petersen-Jones S, et al: Use of an axial pattern flap and nictitans to reconstruct medial eyelid and canthus in a dog. Vet Ophth 11:395, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
31. Jonsson K, Jensen JA, Goodson WH III, et al: Tissue oxygenation, anemia, and perfusion in relation to wound healing in surgical patients. Ann Surg 214:605, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
32. Kostolich M, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the genicular branch of the saphenous artery in the dog. Vet Surg 16:217, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lanthier T, Miller C, McDonell WN, et al: Use of laser Doppler flowmetry to determine blood flow in and viability of island axial pattern skin flaps in rabbits. Am J Vet Res 51(12):1914, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
34. Larrabee WF Jr, Sutton GD, Holloway A Jr, Tolentino G: Laser Doppler velocimetry and fluorescein dye in the prediction of skin flap viability. A comparison. Arch Otolaryngol 109(7):454, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
35. Lascelles BD, White RAS: Combined omental pedicle grafts and thoracodorsal axial pattern flaps for the reconstruction of chronic, nonhealing axillary wounds in cats. Vet Surg 30:380, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
36. Lehman JF, DeLateur BJ: Cryotherapy. In Lehman JF, editor: Therapeutic heat and cold, ed 3, Baltimore, 1982, Williams & Wilkins, p 563.
37. Leonatti S, Tobias KM: Skin reconstruction techniques: axial pattern flaps. Vet Med 99:862, 2004.
38. Lidbetter DA, Williams FA Jr, Krahwinkel DJ, et al: Radical lateral body-wall resection for fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap: a prospective clinical study of the technique and results in 6 cats. Vet Surg 31:57, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
39. Losken A, Styblo TM, Schaefer TG, Carlson GW: The use of fluorescein dye as a predictor of mastectomy skin flap viability following autologous tissue reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 61(1):24, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
40. Mayhew PD, Holt DE: Simultaneous use of bilateral caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps for wound closure in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 44:534, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
41. Meirer R, Huemer GM, Gurunluoglu R, et al: Comparison of the effectiveness of gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor or shock wave therapy to reduce ischaemic necrosis in an epigastric skin flap model in rats. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60(3):266, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
42. Mokrý M, Gál P, Harakalová M, et al: Experimental study on predicting skin flap necrosis by fluorescence in the FAD and NADH bands during surgery. Photochem Photobiol 83(5):1193, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
43. Mulliken JB, Healey NA: Pathogenesis of skin flap necrosis from an underlying hematoma. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(5):725, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
44. Padubidri A, Browne E: Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on survival of random extension of axial pattern skin flaps in the rat. Ann Plast Surg 37(6):604, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
45. Pang CY, Neligan P, Nakatsuka T, Sasaki GH: Assessment of the fluorescein dye test for prediction of skin flap viability in pigs. J Surg Res 41(2):173, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
46. Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flaps in small animal practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):105, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
47. Pavletic MM: Canine axial pattern flaps, using the omocervical, thoracodorsal, and deep circumflex iliac direct cutaneous arteries. Am J Vet Res 42:391, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
48. Pavletic MM, Watters J, Henry R, et al: Reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:380, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
49. Pokorny AT, Bright DA, Cummings CW: The effects of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase in a rat model of skin flap necrosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115(2):207, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
50. Prather A, Blackburn JP, Williams TR, Lynn JA: Evaluation of tests for predicting the viability of axial pattern skin flaps in the pig. Plast Reconstr Surg 63(2):250, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
51. Reetz JA, Seiler G, Mayhew PD, et al: Ultrasonographic and color-flow Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of direct cutaneous arteries used for axial pattern skin flaps in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1362, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
52. Reinisch JF: Prevention of skin flap necrosis by a course of treatment with vasodilator drugs: commentary. Plast Reconstr Surg 61(6):903, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
53. Remedios AM, Bauer MS, Bowen CV, et al: Axial pattern skin flaps in cats, Microsurg 12:125, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
54. Remedios AM, Bauer MS, Bowen CV: Thoracodorsal and caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern skin flaps in cats. Vet Surg 18:380, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
55. Remedios AM, Fowler JD: Axial pattern flaps in the cutaneous reconstruction of lower limb wounds. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17:1356, 1995.
56. Saifzadeh S, Hobbenaghi R, Noorabadi M: Axial pattern flap based on the lateral caudal arteries of the tail in the dog: an experimental study. Vet Surg 34:509, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
57. Salerno GM, McBride DM, Bleicher JN, et al: Ciprostene and indomethacin partially reverse the mechanisms of distal end necrosis in the rat random skin flap. Ann Plast Surg 28(6):526, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
58. Sardinas JC, Pavletic MM, Ross JT, et al: Comparative viability of peninsular and island axial pattern flaps incorporating the cranial superficial epigastric artery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:452, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
59. Shields Henney LH, Pavletic MM: Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog. Vet Surg 17:311, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
60. Smith MM, Carrig CB, Waldron DR, et al: Direct cutaneous arterial supply to the tail in dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:145, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
61. Smith MM, Payne JT, Moon ML, et al: Axial pattern flap based on the caudal auricular artery in dogs. Am J Vet Res 52:922, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
62. Smith PJ: The vascular basis of axial pattern flaps. Br J Plast Surg 26(2):150, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
63. Spodnick GJ, Hudson LC, Clark GN, et al: Use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1679, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
64. Stiles J, Townsend W, Willis M, et al: Use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap in three cats and one dog following orbital exenteration. Vet Ophth 6:121, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
65. Taylor GI, Minabe T: The angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. Plast Reconst Surg 89:181, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
66. Törkvist L, Löfberg R, Raud J, Thorlacius H: Heparin protects against skin flap necrosis: relationship to neutrophil recruitment and anti-coagulant activity. Inflamm Res 53(1):1, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
67. Toutain CE, Brouchet L, Raymond-Letron I, et al: Prevention of skin flap necrosis by estradiol involves reperfusion of a protected vascular network. Circ Res 104(2):245, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
68. Trevor PB, Smith MM, Waldron DR, et al: Clinical evalutation of axial pattern skin flaps in dogs and cats: 19 cases (1981–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:608, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
69. Uygur F, Duman H, Ulkür E, Ceiköz B: The role of the vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the salvage of venous congestion of the free flap: case report. Int Wound J 5(1):50, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
70. Weinand C, Jordan M, Jeng J: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device for hastened attachment of an ileo-epigastric flap to third-degree burns on hand and fingers. J Burn Care Res 2009. PUBMED Abstract
71. Yates G, Landon B, Edwards G: Investigation and clinical application of a novel axial pattern flap for nasal and facial reconstruction in the dog. Aust Vet J 85:113, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 80: Skin Grafts
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7. Bradley DM, Swaim SF, Alexander CN, Jull BA: Autogenous pad grafts for reconstruction of a weight-bearing surface: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:533, 1994.
8. Browne EZ: Complications of skin grafts and pedicle flaps. Hand Clin 2(2):353–359, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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15. Converse JM, Uhlschmid GK, Ballantyne DL: “Plasmatic circulation” in skin grafts: the phase of serum imbibition. Plast Reconstr Surg 43(5):495–499, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
16. Davis JS, Traut HF: Origin and development of the blood supply of whole-thickness skin grafts: an experimental study. Ann Surg 82(6):871–879, 1925. PUBMED Abstract
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19. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Small animal ophthalmic surgery: practical techniques for the veterinarian, Edinburgh, 2001, Elsevier.
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22. Hedlund C: Surgery of the integumentary system. In Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, pp 224–228.
23. Hoffer R, Alexander J: Pinch grafting. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:644, 1976.
24. Holder TEC, Schumacher J, Donnell RL, et al: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on full-thickness meshed sheet skin grafts applied to fresh and granulating wounds in horses. Am J Vet Res 69(1):144–147, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Hosgood G, Hodgin EC, Strain GM, et al: Effect of deferoxamine and hyperbaric oxygen on free, autogenous, full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 56(2):241–247, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
26. Hynes W: The early circulation in skin grafts with a consideration of methods to encourage their survival. Br J Plast Surg 6(4):257–263, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
27. Jensen E: Canine autogenous skin grafting. Am J Vet Res 20:898–908, 1959. PUBMED Abstract
28. Johnston D: Wound healing and reconstructive surgery. Am Anim Hosp Assoc Sci Proc 2:383, 1975.
29. Kalns JE, Dick EJ Jr, Scruggs JP, et al: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment prevents up-regulation of angiogenesis following partial-thickness skin grafts in the pig. Wound Repair Regen 11(2):139–144, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
30. Kim EK, Hong JP: Efficacy of negative pressure therapy to enhance take of 1-stage allodermis and a split-thickness graft. Ann Plast Surg 58(5):536–540, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
31. Kuhns EL: Oral mucosal grafts for membrane nictitans replacement. Mod Vet Pract 58:768, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
32. Lemarié RJ, Hosgood G, VanSteenhouse J, et al: Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on lipid peroxidation in free skin grafts in rats. Am J Vet Res 59(7):913–917, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
33. Lindsay W: Step-by-step instructions for equine skin grafting techniques. Vet Med 83:598, 1983.
34. Llanos S, Danilla S, Barraza C, et al: Effectiveness of negative pressure closure in the integration of split thickness skin grafts. Ann Surg 244(5):700–705, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
35. McGregor I: Fundamental techniques of plastic surgery, ed 8, New York, 1989, Churchill Livingstone.
36. McKeever PJ, Braden TD: Comparison of full- and partial-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in dogs: a pilot study. Am J Vet Res 39(10):1706–1709, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
37. Merwin R, Algire G: The role of graft and host vessels in the vascularization of grafts of normal and neoplastic tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst 17(1):23–33, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
38. Moisidis E, Heath T, Boorer C, et al: A prospective, blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial of topical negative pressure use in skin grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 114(4):917–922, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Most D, Efron DT, Shi HP, et al: Differential cytokine expression in skin graft healing in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Plast Reconstr Surg 108(5):1251–1259, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
40. Neal PA: Skin grafting in the treatment of granulation wounds of the horse’s legs. Vet Rec 73:1399, 1961.
41. Nnene CO, Abu-Seido H, Isbister ES: Harvesting split skin grafts of appropriate thickness using the hand-held knife. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 82(5):339–340, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
42. Pavletic MM: Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders.
43. Pavletic MM: Skin grafting and reconstruction techniques. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 585.
44. Pavletic MM: Wound repair with punch grafts. Mod Vet Pract 64:704, 1983.
45. Peacock EE: Wound repair, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1984, Saunders.
46. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Surgical reconstruction of a hypoplastic prepuce. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:73, 1986.
47. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Wound drainage from under full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. Part I. Quantitative evaluation of four techniques. Vet Surg 15:65, 1986.
48. Pope ER. Mesh skin grafting. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 603.
49. Pope ER: Mesh skin grafting. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):177–187, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
50. Pope ER: Skin grafting in small animal surgery. Part I. The normal healing process. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:915, 1988.
51. Pope ER: Skin grafting in small animal surgery. Part II. Full-thickness skin grafting techniques. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 10:1068, 1988.
52. Probst CW, Peyton LC, Binham HG, et al: Split-thickness skin grafting in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:555, 1983.
53. Ross GE: Clinical canine skin grafting. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153(12):1759–1765, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
54. Rudolph R, Fisher JC, Ninneman J: Skin grafting, Boston, 1979, Little, Brown, and Company.
55. Rudolph R, Klein L: Healing process in skin grafts. Surg Gynecol Obstet 136:641, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
56. Salisbury RB: The mesh skin graft in trauma: history and preliminary report on acute wound coverage. J Trauma 11(4):347–351, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
57. Spruell JSA: The principles of transplanting skin in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 4:71, 1968.
58. Stashak TS: Skin grafting in horses. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract 6(1):215–225, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
59. Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: Management and reconstruction in the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1980, Saunders.
60. Swaim SF: Principles of mesh skin grafting. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 4:194, 1982.
61. Swaim SF: The full-thickness mesh graft. Vet Med 7:524, 1986.
62. Swaim SF: Skin grafts. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20(1):147–175, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
63. Swaim SF: Skin grafts. In Small animal surgical secrets, Philadelphia, 2000, Hanley & Belfus, p 62.
64. Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Steiss JE, et al: Free segmental paw pad grafts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54(12):2161–2170, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
65. Swaim SF, Gillette RL: An update on wound medications and dressings. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:1133, 1998.
66. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Small animal wound management, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1997, Williams & Wilkins.
67. Swaim SF, Lee AH, Newton JC, et al: Evaluation of strip skin grafts in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:155, 1987.
68. Swaim SF, Pope ER, Lee AH, et al: Evaluation of a practical skin grafting technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:637, 1984.
69. Swaim SF, Scardino MS: Paw and distal limb salvage and reconstructive techniques. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 625.
70. Tavis MJ, Thornton JW, Harney JH, et al: Graft adherence to de-epithelialized surfaces: a comparative study. Ann Surg 184(5):594–600, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
71. Vistnes IM: Grafting of skin. Surg Clin North Am 57:939, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
72. Welch JA, Swaim SF: Nasal and facial reconstruction in a dog following severe trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:407, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
73. Williams WG, Cameron A, Robson MC, et al: A model for the assessment of sensory recovery of experimental skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg 43(4):397–404, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
74. Xiaoyong H, Yuemin X, Lujie S: Combined buccal and lingual mucosal grafts for urethroplasty: an experimental study in dogs. J Surg Res 1, 2010.
Chapter 81: Burns
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4. Andes WA, Rogers PW, Beason JW, Pruitt BA: The erythropoietin response to the anemia of thermal injury. J Lab Clin Med 88(4):584–592, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bekyarova G, Yankova T, Kozarev I, Yankov D: Reduced erythrocyte deformability related to activated lipid peroxidation during the early post-burn period. Burns 22(4):291–294, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
6. Bekyarova G, Yankova T, Yankov D, Kozarev I: Erythrocyte rheology and lipid peroxidation in burns. Biomed Biochem Acta 50(1):71–76, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bekyarova G, Yankova T: alpha-Tocopherol and reduced glutathione deficiency and decreased deformability of erythrocytes after thermal skin injury. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 23(2):55–59, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
8. Calder PC: Immunonutrition in surgical and critically ill patients. Br J Nutr 98(suppl 1):S133–S139, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
9. Caldwell FT, Bowser BH, Crabtree JH: The effect of occlusive dressings on the energy metabolism of severely burned children. Ann Surg 193(5):579–591, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
10. Campbell BG: Dressings, bandages, and splints for wound management in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36(4):759–791, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cancio LC, Chávez S, Alvarado-Ortega M, et al: Predicting increased fluid requirements during the resuscitation of thermally injured patients. J Trauma 56(2):404–413; discussion 413–414, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
12. Cartwright MM: The metabolic response to stress: a case of complex nutrition support management. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 16(4):467–487, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
13. Cassuto J, Tarnow P, Yregård L, et al: Regulation of post-burn ischemia by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor subtypes. Burns 31(2):131–137, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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52. Jeschke MG, Debroy MA, Wolf SE, et al: Burn and starvation increase programmed cell death in small bowel epithelial cells. Dig Dis Sci 45(2):415–420, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
53. Jeschke MG, Low JF, Spies M, et al: Cell proliferation, apoptosis, NF-kappaB expression, enzyme, protein, and weight changes in livers of burned rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280(6):G1314–G1320, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
54. Jones WG, Minei JP, Barber AE, et al: Bacterial translocation and intestinal atrophy after thermal injury and burn wound sepsis. Ann Surg 211(4):399–405, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kawakami M, Endoh Y, Orringer EP, Meyer AA: Improvements in rheologic properties of blood by fluid resuscitation after burn injury in rats. J Burn Care Rehabil 13(3):316–322, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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60. LaBorde P: Burn epidemiology: the patient, the nation, the statistics, and the data resources. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 16(1):13–25, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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81. Nieman GF, Clark WR, Paskanik A, Feldbaum D: Segmental pulmonary vascular resistance following wood smoke inhalation. Crit Care Med 23(7):1264–1271, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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99. Schwacha MG, Somers SD: Thermal injury induces macrophage hyperactivity through pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways. Shock 9(4):249–255, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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129. Xia ZF, Horton JW, Zhao P, et al: Relationship between energetic, ionic, and functional status in the perfused rat heart following thermal injury: a 31P and 23Na NMR study. J Surg Res 69(1):212–219, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
130. Xia ZF, Zhao P, Horton JW: Changes in cardiac contractile function and myocardial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280(4):H1916–H1922, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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132. Yatani A, Xu D, Kim S, et al: Mesenteric lymph from rats with thermal injury prolongs the action potential and increases Ca2+ transient in rat ventricular myocytes. Shock 20(5):458–464, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
133. Yonehara N, Yoshimura M: Interaction between nitric oxide and substance P on heat-induced inflammation in rat paw. Neurosci Res 36(1):35–43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 82: Specific Disorders
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SECTION VI: Abdomen
Chapter 83: Spleen
[pic]
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22. Evans HE: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
23. Fife WD, Samii VF, Drost WT, et al: Comparison between malignant and nonmalignant splenic masses in dogs using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:289, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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25. Fremont RD, Rice TW: Splenosis: a review. South Med J 100:589, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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28. Gärtner F, Santos M, Gillette D, et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen in a dog. Vet Rec 150:697, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
29. Getty R: Sisson and Grossman’s the anatomy of the domestic animals, ed 5, Philadelphia, 1975, Saunders.
30. Goldsmid SE, Davis P, Pechman R: Successful derotation of a splenic torsion in a racing greyhound. J Small Anim Pract 35:112, 1994.
31. Graham JE, Ketchell RJ, Bodendistel JK: A comparison of gastric torsion with torsion of the splenic pedicle. Can Vet J 3:279, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
32. Hammond TN, Pesill-Crosby SA: Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:553, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
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34. Hardie EM, Vaden SL, Spaulding K, et al: Splenic infarction in 16 dogs: a retrospective study. J Vet Internal Med 9:141, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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36. Hosgood G, Bone DL, Vorhees WD, et al: Splenectomy in the dog by ligation of the splenic and short gastric arteries. Vet Surg 18:110, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
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41. Kim SE, Liptak JM, Gall TT, et al: Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1550, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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44. Lana S, U’ren L, Plaza S, et al: Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 21:764, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
45. Langenbach A, Anderson MA, Dambach DM, et al: Extraskeletal osteosarcomas in dogs: a retrospective study of 169 cases (1986–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:113, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
46. Larson MM: The liver and spleen. In Thrall DE, editor: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Elsevier/Saunders, pp 667.
47. Léveillé R, Partington BP, Biller DS, et al: Complications after ultrasound-guided biopsy of abdominal structures in dogs and cats: 246 cases (1984–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:413, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
48. Madewell BR: Hematology, oncology, and immunology. In Bonagura JD, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIII: small animal practice. Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 520.
49. Mai W: The hilar perivenous hyperechoic triangle as a sign of acute splenic torsion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:487, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
50. Marconato L: Gastric dilatation-volvulus as complication after surgical removal of a splenic haemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Vet Med 53:371, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
51. Marino DJ, Matthiesen DR, Fox PR, et al: Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs undergoing splenectomy: a prospective study. Vet Surg 23:101, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
52. Maruyama H, Miura T, Sakai M, et al: The incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with malignant tumor. J Vet Med Sci 66:573, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
53. Matos AJ, Duarte S, Lopes C, et al: Splenic hamartomas in a dog. Vet Red 161:308, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
54. McGahan JP, Horton S, Eugenio O, et al: Appearance of solid organ injury with contrast-enhanced sonography in blunt abdominal trauma: preliminary experience. Am J Roentgenol 187:658, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
55. Millis DL, Nemzek J, Riggs C, et al: Gastric dilatation-volvulus after splenic torsion in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:314, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
56. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Feline oncology: a comprehensive guide to compassionate care, Trenton, NJ, 2001, Veterinary Learning Systems.
57. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Managing the canine cancer patient: a practical guide to compassionate care, Trenton, NJ, 2006, Veterinary Learning Systems.
58. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, Saunders HM: Retrospective analysis of 19 cases of isolated torsion of the splenic pedicle in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:387, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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61. Pachter HL, Guth AA, Hofstetter SR: Changing patterns in the management of splenic trauma: the impact of nonoperative management. Ann Surg 227:708, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
62. Patsikas MN, Rallis T, Kladakis SE, et al: Computed tomography diagnosis of isolated splenic torsion in a dog, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:235, 2001.
63. Perman V, Lipowitz AJ: The spleen. In Gourley IM, Vasseur PB, editors: General small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott, pp 459.
64. Pintar J, Breitchwerdt EB, Hardie EM, et al: Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987–2001). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:518, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
65. Prymak C, McKee LJ, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:706, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
66. Ramani M, Reinhold C, Semelka RC, et al: Splenic hemangiomas and hamartomas: MR imaging characteristics of 28 lesions. Radiology 202:166, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
67. Reddy SC, Reddy SC: Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen: helical computed tomography features. South Med J 93:825, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
68. Richardson EF, Brown NO: Hematological and biochemical changes and results of aerobic bacteriological culturing in dogs undergoing splenectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:199, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
69. Robertson JL, Newman SJ: Disorders of the spleen. In Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, editors: Schalm’s veterinary hematology, ed 5, Baltimore, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 272.
70. Rossi F, Leone VF, Vignoli M, et al: Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterization of focal splenic lesions. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:154, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
71. Royals SR, Ellison GW, Adin CA, et al: Use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for splenectomy in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease. Vet Surg 34:174, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
72. Saunders HM, Neath PJ, Brockman DJ: B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging of the spleen with canine splenic torsion: a retrospective evaluation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:349, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
73. Sorenmo K, Samluk M, Clifford C, et al: Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 21:1347, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
74. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence and type of splenic diseases in cats: 455 cases (1985–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:773, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
75. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:829, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
76. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic and prognostic characteristics of splenomegaly in dogs due to fibrohistiocytic nodules: 98 cases. Vet Pathol 35:488, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
77. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs. J Vet Internal Med 11:166, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
78. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Splenic myeloid metaplasia, histiocytosis and hypersplenism in the dog (65 cases). Vet Pathol 36:583, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
79. Tagaya N, Kubota K: Approach to the liver and spleen. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16:283, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
80. Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, et al: Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:222, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
81. Tillson DM: Spleen. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Elsevier/Saunders, pp 1046.
82. Tizard IR: Veterinary immunology: an introduction, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders.
83. Vail DM, MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, et al: Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangsar coma in the dog: A randomized multi-institutional clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 1:1165, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
84. Waldron DR, Robertson J: Partial splenectomy in the dog: a comparison of stapling and ligation techniques. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:343, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
85. Waters DJ, Caywood DD, Hayden DW, et al: Metastatic pattern in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma: clinical implications. J Small Anim Pract 29:805, 1988.
86. Weber NA: Chronic primary splenic torsion with peritoneal adhesions in a dog: case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:390, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
87. Weinstein MJ, Carpenter JL, Schunk CJ: Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:784, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
88. Wierenga JR, Rosenstein D, Hauptman JG: Prognostic indicators of splenic masses. 2002, Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgeons Annual Conference Proceedings.
89. Wilson DV, Evans AT, Carpenter RE, et al: The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs. Vet Anaesthesia Analgesia 31:102, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
90. Wood CA, Moore AS, Gliatto JM, et al: Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:417, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 84: Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Hernias
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97. Read R: Cranial abdominal hernias. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, Saunders, pp 853.
98. Roberts SJ: Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases (theriogenology), ed 2, Ann Arbor, MI, 1971, Edward Brothers.
99. Robinson R: Genetic aspects of umbilical hernia incidence in cats and dogs. Vet Rec 100:9, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
100. Rosin E, Robinson GM: Knot security of suture materials. Vet Surg 18:269, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
101. Rosin E, Richardson S: Effect of fascial closure technique on strength of healing abdominal incisions in the dog. A biomechanical study. Vet Surg 16:269, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
102. Ruble RP, Hird DW. Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:633–636, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
103. Sawyer SL: Defective diaphragm associated with umbilical hernia [letter]. Vet Rec 98:490, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
104. Shahar R, Shamir MH, Niebauer GW, et al: A possible association between acquired inguinal and perineal hernia in adult male dogs. Can Vet J 37:614, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
105. Shaw SC, Kent MS, Gordon IK, et al. Temporal changes in characteristics of injection-site sarcomas in cats: 392 cases (1990–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:376, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
106. Shaw SP, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Traumatic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:35, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
107. Silverman S, Ackerman N: Radiographic evaluation of abdominal hernias. Mod Vet Pract 58:781, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
108. Smeak DD: Abdominal hernias. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 449.
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110. Snyder N, Craven C, Phillips LG: Delayed type IV muscle flap in a feline model. Ann Plast Surg 56:316, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
111. Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: management and reconstruction in the dog and cat. Philadelphia, 1980, Saunders.
112. Snow R: Inguinal metrocele (gravid) in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 129:359, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
113. Strande A: Inguinal hernias in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 30:520, 1989.
114. Sylvestre, Weinstein MJ, Popovitch CA, et al: The sartorius muscle flap in the cat. An anatomic study and two case reports. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:91, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
115. Taylor RM, Farrow BRH, Healy PJ: Canine fucosidosis: clinical findings. J Small Anim Pract 28:291, 1987.
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118. Usher FC, Wallace SA: Tissue reaction to plastics: a comparison of nylon, orlon, Dacron, Teflon, and Marlex. AMA Arch Surg 76:997, 1958. PUBMED Abstract
119. Waldron DR, Hedlund CS, Pechman R: Abdominal hernias in dogs and cats: a review of 24 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:817, 1986.
120. Waters DJ, Roy RG, Stone EA: A retrospective study of inguinal hernia in 35 dogs. Vet Surg 22:44, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
121. Weinstein MJ, Pavletic MM, Boudrieau RJ, et al: Cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog. Vet Surg 18:286, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
122. Whitney WO, Mehlhaff CJ: High-rise syndrome in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1399, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
123. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15:27, 1986.
124. Wright JG: The surgery of the inguinal canal in animals. Vet Rec 75:1352, 1963.
125. Zimmerman LM: Anatomy and surgery of hernia. Baltimore, 1967, Williams & Wilkins.
Chapter 85: Diaphragmatic Hernias
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34. Eyster GE, Evans AT, Blanchard GL, et al: Congenital pericardial diaphragmatic hernia and multiple cardiac defects in a litter of collies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:516, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
35. Feldman DB, Bree MM, Cohen DJ: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonatal dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:942, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
36. Formaggini L, Schmidt K, De Lorenzi D: Gastric dilation-volvulus associated with diaphragmatic hernia in three cats: clinical presentation, surgical treatment and presumptive aetiology. J Feline Med Surg 10:198, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
37. Frye FL, Taylor D: Pericardial and diaphragmatic defects in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 152:1507, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
38. Furneaux RW, Hudson MD: Autogenous muscle flap repair of a diaphragmatic hernia. Feline Pract 6:20, 1976.
39. Garson HL, Dodman NH, Baker GJ: Diaphragmatic hernia: analysis of fifty-six cases in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 21:469, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
40. Gibson TWG, Brisson BA, Sears W: Perioperative survival rates after surgery for diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats: 92 cases (1990–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:105, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
41. Grandage J: The radiology of the dog’s diaphragm. J Small Anim Pract 15:1, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
42. Greene CE, Basinger RR, Whitfield JB: Surgical management of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1542, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
43. Hardie EM, Ramirez O, Clary EM, et al: Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows: stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia. J Vet Intern Med 12:279, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
44. Hay WH, Woodfield JA, Moon MA: Clinical, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in two dogs and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1245, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
45. Helphrey ML: Abdominal flap graft for repair of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:791, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
46. Henderson RA: Controlling peritoneal adhesions. Vet Surg 11:30, 1982.
47. Higgins GM, Graham AA: Lymphatic drainage from the peritoneal cavity in the dog. Arch Surg 19:453, 1929.
48. Johnson KA: Diaphragmatic hernias. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
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50. Kaplan LC, Matsuoka R, Gilbert EF, et al: Ectopia cordis and cleft sternum: evidence for mechanical teratogenesis following rupture of the chorion or yolk sac. Am J Med Genet 21:187, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
51. Kerpsack SJ, McLoughlin MA, Graves TK, et al: Chylothorax associated with lung lobe torsion and a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:351, 1994.
52. Laine GA, Hall JT, Laine SH, et al: Transsinusoidal fluid dynamics in canine liver during venous hypertension. Circ Res 45:317, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
53. Lenaghan R, Silva YJ, Walt AJ: Hemodynamic alterations associated with expansion rupture of the lung. Arch Surg 99:339, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
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57. Liptak JM, Bissett SA, Allan GS, et al: Hepatic cysts incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. J Fel Med Surg 4:123, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
58. Little AA, Steffey M, Kraus MS: Marked pleural effusion causing right atrial collapse simulating cardiac tamponade in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:157, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
59. Macklem PT: Normal and abnormal function of the diaphragm. Thorax 36:161, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
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61. Mathisen DJ, Grillo HC, Vlahakes GJ, et al: The omentum in the management of complicated cardiothoracic problems. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95:677, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
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65. Neville WE, Clowes GHA: Congenital absence of hemidiaphragm and use of a lobe of liver in its surgical correction. Arch Surg 69:282, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
66. Noden DM, De Lahunta A: The embryology of domestic animals: developmental mechanisms and malformations. Baltimore, 1985, Williams & Wilkins.
67. Orsher RJ, Rosin E: Small intestines. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
68. Peters JH, DeMeester TR: Esophagus and diaphragmatic hernias. In Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al, editors: Principles of surgery, ed 8, New York, 2004, McGraw-Hill. Available at . com/content.aspx?aID=807064.
69. Pratschke KM, Hughes JML, Skelly C, Bellenger CR: Hiatal herniation as a complication of chronic diaphragmatic herniation. J Small Anim Pract 39(1):33–38, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
70. Ramirez OM: “Components separation” method for closure of abdominal-wall defects: an anatomic and clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surgery 86:519, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
71. Reimer SB, Kyles AE, Filipowicz DE, Gregory CR: Long-term outcome of cats treated conservatively or surgically for peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia: 66 cases (1987–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:728, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
72. Robinette JD: Hernias. In Gourley IM, Vasseur PB, editors: General small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1985, JB Lippincott.
73. Robins GB, Thornton J, Mills J: Bile peritonitis and pleuritis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:55, 1977.
74. Roe SC, Smith CW, Stowater JL: Diaphragmatic hernia producing gastric outflow obstruction, metabolic alkalosis, and hypokalemia in a dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 8:943, 1986.
75. Rosenkrantz JG, Cotton EK: Replacement of left hemidiaphragm by a pedicled abdominal muscular flap. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 48:912, 1964. PUBMED Abstract
76. Roudebush P, Burns, J: Pleural effusion as a sequela to traumatic diaphragmatic hernias: a review of four cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:699, 1979.
77. Sant’Ambrogio G, Frazier DT, Wilson MF, et al: Motor innervation and pattern of activity of cat diaphragm. J Appl Physiol 18:43, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
78. Schairer BE, Keeley JL: Experimental use of homologous fascia lata to repair diaphragmatic defects in dogs. Surg Gynecol Obstet 105:565, 1957. PUBMED Abstract
79. Schmiedt CW, Tobias KM, McCrackin Stevenson MA: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in cats: 34 cases (1991–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1237, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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81. Schuh JCL: Hepatic nodular myelolipomatosis (myelolipomas) associated with a peritoneo-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. J Comp Pathol 97:231, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
82. Schulman AJ, Lusk R, Lippincott CL, et al: Congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:655, 1985.
83. Sereda C: Personal communication, July 6, 2009.
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87. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Reed J, et al: Intrapericardial cysts in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 7:364, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
88. Spackman CJA, Caywood DD, Feeney DA, et al: Thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma in dogs sustaining fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:975, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
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92. Stokhof AA: Diagnosis and treatment of acquired diaphragmatic hernia by thoracotomy in 49 dogs and 72 cats. Vet Q 8:177, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
93. Stork CK, Hamaide AJ, Schwedes C, et al: Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat. J Fel Med Surg 5:91, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
94. Stowater JL, Lamb CR: Ultrasonography of noncardiac thoracic diseases in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:514, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
95. Sullivan M, Lee R: Radiological features of 80 cases of diaphragmatic rupture. J Small Anim Pract 30:561, 1989.
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105. Walker RG, Hall LW: Rupture of the diaphragm: report of 32 cases in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 77:830, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
106. Wallace J, Mullen HS, Lesser MB: A technique for surgical correction of peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:503, 1992.
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108. Willard MD, Toal RL, Cawley A: Gastric complications associated with correction of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1151, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
109. Williams J, Leveille R, Myer CW: Imaging modalities used to confirm diaphragmatic hernia in small animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:1199, 1998.
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Chapter 86: Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum
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272. Roush JK, Bjorling DE, Lord P: Diseases of the retroperitoneal space in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:47, 1990.
273. Runk A, Kyles AE, Downs MO: Duodenal perforation in a cat following the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:52, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
274. Salisbury SK, Lantz GC, Nelson RW, et al: Pancreatic abscess in dogs: six cases (1978–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1104, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
275. Salisbury SK, Hosgood GL: Management of the patient with generalized peritonitis. Prob Vet Med 1:168, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
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282. Schoning P, Layton CE, Fortney WD, et al: Sclerosing peritoneal mesothelioma in a dog evaluated by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. J Vet Diag Invest 4:217, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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304. Steyn PF, Wittum TE: Radiographic, epidemiologic, and clinical aspects of simultaneous pleural and peritoneal effusions in dogs and cats: 48 cases (1982–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:307, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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308. Swann H, Hughes D: Diagnosis and management of peritonitis. Vet Clin North Am 30:603, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
309. Swann H, Sweet DC, Michel K: Complications associated with the use of jejunostomy tubes: a retrospective study of 40 cases (1989–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1764, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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314. Thariani-Mizra TF, Williams J, Jaffe M: What is your diagnosis? Pneumoperitoneum with mild abdominal effusion, caused by rupture of the stomach. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:1403, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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316. Toombs JP, Collins LG, Graves GM, et al: Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:145, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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320. Van Hoogmoed L, Snyder JR: Adjunctive methods in equine gastrointestinal surgery. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 13:221, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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324. Vonderhaar MA, Salisbury SK: Gastroduodenal ulceration associated with flunixin meglumine administration in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:92, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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330. Wheaton LG, Johnson AL, Parker AJ, et al: Results and complications of surgical treatment of pyometra: a review of 80 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:563, 1989.
331. Wheeler AP: Bacterial peritonitis: innovative experimental treatment. Crit Care Med 27:1055, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
332. White RAS, Williams JM: Intracapsular prostatic omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Vet Surg 24:390, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
333. Willauer CC, Gregory CR, Parker HR: Treatment of peritonitis with the Parker peritoneal dialysis cannula. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:547, 1988.
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338. Wittmann DH, Schein M, Condon RE: Management of secondary peritonitis. Ann Surg 224:10, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
339. Wong PL: Pneumoperitoneum associated with splenic necrosis and clostridial peritonitis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:463, 1981.
340. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15:27, 1986.
341. Worley DR, Hottinger HA, Lawrence HJ: Surgical management of gallbladder mucoceles in dogs: 22 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1418, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
342. Wright KN, Gompf RE, DeNovo RC: Peritoneal effusion in cats: 65 cases (1982–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:375, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
343. Yanofsky G, Bonneau NH, Breton L: Fistulography as an aid in the diagnosis of a nonradiopaque foreign body in a dog. Can Vet J 27:291, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
344. Zeltzman PA, Downs MO, Girard EM: What is your diagnosis? Foreign body in the abdomen. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:193, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION VII: Digestive System
Chapter 87: Soft Tissues of the Oral Cavity
[pic]
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32. Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJ, Newsome JT, Yuan H: Resolution of persistent oral papillomatosis in a dog after treatment with recombinant canine oral papillomavirus vaccine. Vet Comp Oncol 1:57, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
33. Liptak JM, Withrow SJ: Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow & MacEwan’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders, pp 455.
34. Lobprise HB, Wiggs RB: Anatomy, diagnosis and management of disorders of the tongue. J Vet Dent 10:16, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
35. MacMillan R, Withrow SJ, Gillette EL: Surgery and regional irradiation for treatment of canine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: retrospective review of eight cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:311, 1982.
36. Mattson A: Pharyngeal disorders. Vet Clin North Am 24:825, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. McCoy DE: Surgical management of the tight lip syndrome in the Shar-Pei dog. J Vet Dent 14:95, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
38. Miller AD, Alcaraz A, McDonough SP: Tonsillar lymph-angiomatous polyp in an adult dog. J Comp Path 138:215, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
39. Nemanic S, London CA, Wisner ER: Comparison of thoracic radiographs and single breath-hold helical CT for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with metastatic neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 20:508, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
40. Nicholson I, Halfacree Z, Whatmough C, et al: Computed tomography as an aid to management of chronic oropharyngeal stick injury in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 49:451, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
41. Northrup NC, Selting KA, Rassnick KM, et al: Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases. J Anim Hosp Assoc 42:350, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Olmstead ML, Stoloff DR, O’Keefe CM: Avulsion of the upper lip in two dogs. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 79:1228, 1976.
43. Ozaydin I, Demirkan I, Ozba B: A case of congenital permanent frenulum linguae and lingua bifida (bifid tongue) in an Anatolian shepherd (Kangal) dog. J Fac Vet Med Univ Kafkas 6:107, 2000.
44. Pavletic MM: Reconstructive surgery of the lips and cheek. Vet Clin North Am 20:201, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
45. Simpson BA: Canine communication. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:445, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
46. Smeak DD: Anti-drool cheiloplasty: clinical results in six dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:181, 1989.
47. Stauffer VD: Loss of the tongue in a cat and the resulting skin problem. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 68:1266, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
48. Stebbins KE, Morse CC, Goldschmidt MH: Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year survey. Vet Pathol 26:121, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
49. Stoll SG: Cheiloplasty. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1983, Lea & Febiger, pp 446.
50. Suter PF, Watrous BJ: Oropharyngeal dysphagias in the dog: a cinefluorographic analysis of experimentally induced and spontaneously occurring swallowing disorders: I. Oral stage and pharyngeal stage dysphagias. Vet Radiol 21:24, 1980.
51. Syrcle JA, Bonczynski JJ, Monette S, et al: Retrospective evaluation of lingual tumors in 42 dogs: 1999–2005. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:308, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
52. Tafti AK, Hanna P, Bourque AC: Calcinosis circumscripta in the dog: a retrospective pathological study. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 52:13, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
53. Temizsoylu MD, Avki S: Complete ventral ankyloglossia in three related dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1443, 2003 PUBMED Abstract
54. Todoroff RJ, Brodey RS: Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective survey of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:567, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
55. Voith VL, Borchelt PL: Diagnosis and treatment of dominance aggression in dogs. Vet Clin North Am 12:655, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
56. Von Doernberg MC, Peeters ME, ter Haar G, Kirpensteijn J: Lingual abscesses in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 49:413, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
57. Watrous BJ: Clinical presentation and diagnosis of dysphagia. Vet Clin North Am 13:437, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
58. Watrous BJ, Suter PF: Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study 20:99, 1979.
59. Watrous BJ, Suter PF: Oropharyngeal dysphagias in the dog: a cinefluorographic analysis of experimentally induced and spontaneously occurring swallowing disorders: II. Cricopharyngeal stage and mixed oropharyngeal dysphagias. Vet Radiol 24:11, 1983.
60. White RAS, Lane JG: Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 29:13, 1988.
61. Winkel A: Skin fold dermatitis. In Medleau L, Hnilica K: Small animal dermatology: a color atlas and therapeutic guide, ed 2, St Louis, 2006, Saunders Elsevier, pp 26.
62. Yagci BB, Ural K, Öcal N, Haydardedeoglu AE: Azithromycin therapy of papillomatosis in dogs: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vet Dermatol 19:194, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 88: Salivary Glands
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10. Carberry CA, Flanders JA, Harvey HJ, et al: Salivary gland tumors in dogs and cats: a literature and case review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:561–567, 1988.
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23. Harvey CE: Canine salivary mucocele. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 5:155–164, 1969.
24. Harvey CE: Parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 18:163–168, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
25. Head KW, Else RW, Dubielzig RR: Tumors of the alimentary tract. In Meuten DJ, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press, p 410.
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29. Imai Y: Physiology of salivary secretion. Front Oral Physiol 2:184, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
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31. Knecht CD: Diseases of the salivary glands in the dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11:932–936, 1980.
32. Knecht CD, Phares J: Characterization of dogs with salivary cyst. J Am Vet Med Assoc 158:612–613, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
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36. Preibisch J: Kamienei Slinoweupsa. Med Wet 16:277, 1960.
37. Ritter MJ, von Pfeil DJF, Stanley BJ, et al: Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: a retrospective evaluation of 41 cases, using the ventral approach for treatment. N Z Vet J 54:333–337, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Ryan T, Welsh E, McGorum I: Sublingual salivary gland sialolithiasis in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 49:254–256, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
39. Schmidt GM, Betts CW: Zygomatic salivary mucoceles in the dog. J Am Anim Assoc 172:940–942, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
40. Schroeder H, Berry WL: Salivary gland necrosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 19 cases. J Small Anim Pract 39:121–125, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
41. Shimoyama Y, Yamashita K, Ohmachi T, et al: Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland in two dogs. J Comp Path 134:254–259, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
42. Sidaway BK, McLaughlin RM, Hughes J: Cervical masses in dogs: diagnosis and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 5:390–402, 2004.
43. Smith MM: Surgery of the canine salivary system. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 7:457–464, 1985.
44. Smrkovski OA, LeBlanc AK, Smith SH, et al: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation in the mandibular salivary gland of a dog. Vet Pathol 43:374–377, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Sozeman M, Brown PJ: Idiopathic salivary gland enlargement (sialadenosis) in dogs: a microscopic study. J Small Anim Pract 41:243–247, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
46. Sozeman M, Brown PJ, Eveson JW: Salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma: a report of cases in a cat and two dogs. J Vet Med Assoc 50:399–401, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
47. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats: 245 cases (1985–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:465–469, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
48. Spreull JS, Head KW: Cervical salivary cysts in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 8:17–35, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
49. Stevens A, Lowe J: Human histology, ed 2, Barcelona, 1997, Mosby.
50. Stonehewer J, Mackin AJ, Tasker S, et al: Idiopathic phenobarbital-responsive hypersialosis in the dog: an unusual form of limbic epilepsy? J Small Anim Pract 41:416–421, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
51. Thomsen BV, Myers RK: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the mandibular salivary gland in a dog. Vet Pathol 36:71–73, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
52. Trumpatori BJ, Geissler K, Mathews KG: Parotid duct sialolithiasis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:45–51, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
53. Van der Merwe LL: Mandibular salivary gland sialadenosis in dogs infected with Spirocerca lupi: a retrospective study. 17th ECVIM-CA Congress, 2007.
54. Withrow SJ: Cancer of the salivary glands. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders, p 476.
55. Weber WJ, Hobson HP, Wilson SR: Pharyngeal mucoceles in dogs. Vet Surg 15:5–8, 1986.
Chapter 89: Mandibulectomy and Maxillectomy
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5. Boria PA, Murry DJ, Bennett PF, et al: Evaluation of cisplatin combined with piroxicam for the treatment of oral malignant melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:388, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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7. Ciekot PA, Powers BE, Withrow SJ, et al: Histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade, fibrosarcomas of the mandible and maxilla in dogs: 25 cases (1982–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:610, 1994 PUBMED Abstract
8. Cotter SM: Oral pharyngeal neoplasms in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:917, 1981.
9. Dundas JM, Fowler JD, Shmon CL, et al: Modification of the superficial cervical axial pattern flap for oral reconstruction. J Vet Surg 34:206, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
10. Evans HE, Christensen GC: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1979, Saunders.
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13. Hedlund CS, Tanger CH, Elkins AD, et al: Temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion during surgical exploration of the nasal cavity of the dog. J Vet Surg 12:83, 1983.
14. Herring ES, Smith MM, Robertson JL: Lymph node staging of oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in 31 dogs and cats. J Vet Dent 19:122, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
15. Hutson CA, Willauer CC, Walder EJ, et al: Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: 7 cases (1987–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:777, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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17. Kosovsky JK, Matthiesen DT, Manfra Marretta S, et al: Results of partial mandibulectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 142 dogs. J Vet Surg 20:397, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
18. Langenbach A, McManus PM, Hendrick MJ, et al: Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastases in dogs and cats with solid tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1424, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
19. Lascelles BD, Henderson RA, Seguin B, et al: Bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planectomy for large rostral maxillofacial neoplasms in 6 dogs and 1 cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:137, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
20. Lascelles BD, Thomson MJ, Dernell WS, et al: Combined dorsolateral and intraoral approach for the resection of tumors of the maxilla in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:294, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
21. Lemke KA, Dawson SD: Local and regional anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 30:839, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
22. MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, Vail DM, et al: Adjuvant therapy for melanoma in dogs: results of randomized clinical trials using surgery, liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin Cancer Res 5:4249, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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26. Northrup NC, Selting KA, Rassnick KM, et al: Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:350, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
27. Postorino Reeves NC, Turrel JM, Withrow SJ: Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:438, 1993.
28. Rassnick KM, Ruslander DM, Cotter SM, et al: Use of carboplatin for treatment of dogs with malignant melanomas: 27 cases (1989–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1444, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Salisbury SK, Lantz GC: Long-term results of partial mandibulectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 30 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:285, 1988.
30. Salisbury SK, Richardson DC, Lantz GC: Partial maxillectomy and premaxillectomy in the treatment of oral neoplasia in the dog and cat. J Vet Surg 15:16, 1986.
31. Schwarz PD, Withrow SJ, Curtis CR, et al: Mandibular resection as a treatment for oral cancer in 81 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:601, 1991.
32. Schwarz PD, Withrow SJ, Curtis CR, et al: Partial maxillary resection as a treatment for oral cancer in 61 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:617, 1991.
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34. Smith MM: Surgical approach for lymph node staging of oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp 31:514, 1995.
35. Straw RC, LeCouteur RA, Powers BE, et al: Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the canine skull: 16 cases (1978–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1764, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
36. Straw RC, Powers BE, Klausner J, et al: Canine mandibular osteosarcoma: 51 cases (1980–1992). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:257, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
37. Theon AP, Rodriquez C, Griffey S, et al: Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with periodontal tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:785, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
38. Theon AP, Rodriguez C, Madewell BR: Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with malignant oral tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:778, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
39. Todoroff RJ, Brodey RS: Oral and pharyngeal neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective study of 361 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:567, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
40. Wallace JW, Matthiesen DT, Patnaik AK: Hemimaxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 69 dogs. J Vet Surg 21:337, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
41. White RAS: Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy in the dog: long term survival in 100 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 32:69, 1991.
42. White RAS, Gorman NT: Wide local excision of acanthomatous epulides in the dog. J Vet Surg 18:12, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
43. White RAS, Gorman NT, Watkins SB, et al: The surgical management of bone-involved oral tumours in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 26:693, 1985.
44. Williams LE, Packer RA: Association between lymph node size and metastasis in dogs with oral malignant melanoma: 100 cases (1987–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1234, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
45. Withrow SJ, Holmberg DL: Mandibulectomy in the treatment of oral cancer. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:273, 1983.
46. Withrow SJ, Nelson AW, Manley PA, et al: Premaxillectomy in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:49, 1985.
Chapter 90: Esophagus
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28. Dallman MJ: Functional suture-holding layer of the esophagus in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:638, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
29. Davidson AP, et al: Inheritance of cricopharyngeal dysfunction in Golden Retrievers. Am J Vet Res 65:344, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
30. Dodman NH, Baker GJ: Tracheo-oesophageal fistula as a complication of an oesophageal foreign body in a dog: a case report. J Sm Anim Pract 19:291, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
31. Doran IP, et al: Acute oropharyngeal and esophageal stick injury in forty-one dogs. Vet Surg 37:781, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
32. Durocher L, et al: Esophageal diverticulum associated with a trichobezoar in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:142, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
33. Dvir E, et al: Clinical differentiation between dogs with benign and malignant spirocercosis. Vet Parasitol 155:80, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
34. Dvir E, et al: Radiographic and computed tomographic changes and clinical presentation of spirocercosis in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:119, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
35. Ellison GW: Vascular ring anomalies in the dog and cat. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 2:693, 1980.
36. Evans HE: The digestive apparatus and abdomen. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 385–462.
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38. Faulkner RT, et al: A case of esophageal foreign body with mediastinal abscess formation in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:70, 1976.
39. Faulkner RT, et al: Epiphrenic esophageal diverticulectomy in a dog. A case report and review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:77, 1981.
40. Fingeroth JM, Fossum TW: Late-onset regurgitation associated with persistent right aortic arch in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:981, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
41. Fingeroth JM: Surgical techniques for esophageal surgery. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
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44. Fox E, et al: Congenital oesophageal stricture in a Japanese shiba inu. J Sm Anim Pract 48:709, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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47. Freud E, et al: Comparative experimental study of esophageal wall regeneration after prosthetic replacement. J Biomed Mater Res 45:84, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Gabor LJ, Walshaw R: Esophageal duplication cyst in a dog. Vet Pathol 45:61, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Galatos AD, et al: Post anaesthetic oesophageal stricture formation in three cats. J Sm Anim Pract 35:638, 1994.
50. German AJ, et al: Oesophageal strictures in cats associated with doxycycline therapy. J Feline Med Surg 7:33, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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52. Gluckman DL: Serosal integrity and intestinal adhesions. Surgery 60:1009, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
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55. Green GE, Som ML: Free grafting and revascularization of intestine. I. Replacement of the cervical esophagus. Surgery 60:1012, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
56. Gregory CR, et al: Free jejunal segment for the treatment of cervical esophageal stricture in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:230, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Gualtieri M, et al: Oesphageal squamous cell carcinoma in two cats. J Sm Anim Pract 40:79, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
58. Hamilton TA, Carpenter JL: Esophageal plasmacytoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1210, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
59. Harai BH, et al: Endoscopically guided balloon dilatation of benign esophageal strictures in 6 cats and 7 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 9:332, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Hardie EM, et al: Balloon dilatation for treatment of esophageal stricture: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:547, 1987.
61. Hawe RS: Catheter technique for removing a foreign body from the canine esophagus. VM SAC 74:1615, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
62. Hayari L, et al: Omenopexy improves vascularization and decreases stricture formation of esophageal anastomoses in a dog model. J Pediatr Surg 39:540, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
63. Hedlund CS: Surgery of the digestive system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St Louis, 1997, Mosby.
64. Helphrey ML: Vascular ring anomalies in the dog. Vet Clin North Am 9:207, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
65. Henderson RD, et al: Oesophageal replacement by gastric tube: an experimental study of the properties of the gastric tube. Br J Surg 61:533, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
66. Hill FWG, et al: An oesophageal diverticulum in a dog. Austr Vet J 55:184, 1979.
67. Hoffer RE: Surgery of the esophagus. In Jones BD, editor: Canine and feline gastroenterology, Philadelphia, 1986, Saunders.
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71. Houlton JEF, et al: Thoracic oesophageal foreign bodies in the dog: a review of ninety cases. J Sm Anim Pract 26:521, 1985.
72. House AK, et al: Unusual vascular ring anomaly associated with a persistent right aortic arch in two dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 46:585, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
73. Howard DR, et al: Esophageal reinforcement with the sternothyroideus muscle in the dog. Canine Pract 2:30, 1975.
74. Hughes TB, et al: Antral patch esophagoplasty. Amer J Surg 137:222, 1979.
75. Hughes TB, et al: Gastric patch esophagoplasty. An experimental study. Amer J Surg 137:226, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
76. Hurley K, et al: Left aortic arch and right ligamentum arteriosum causing esophageal obstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:410, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
77. Imhoff K, Foster WJ: Persistent right aortic arch in a 10 year old dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 143:599, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
78. Iwasaki M, et al: Esophageal diverticula in a dog. Mod Vet Pract 58:606, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
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82. Johnson KA, et al: Correction of a cervical esophageal stricture in a dog by creation of a traction diverticulum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1045, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
83. Joly H, D’Anjou MA, Huneault L: Imaging diagnosis— CT angiography of a rare vascular ring anomaly in a dog. Vet Radio Ultrasound 49:43, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
84. Knecht CD, et al: Epiphrenic diverticula of the esophagus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 152:268, 1968.
85. Knight GC: Transthoracic oesophagotomy in dogs: a survey of 75 operations. Vet Rec 75:264, 1963.
86. Komtebedde J, et al: Preoperative and postoperative fluoroscopy in dogs with persistent right aortic arch (abstract). Vet Surg 20:340, 1991.
87. Kore AM, Kiesche-Nesselrodt A: Toxicology of household cleaning products and disinfectant. Vet Clin North Am 20:525, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
88. Kovacs T, et al: Bursting strength and collagen content changes in esophageal anastomoses. Comparative experimental study. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:266, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
89. Kovacs T, Koves I, Orosz Z, et al: healing of esophageal anastomoses performed with the biofragmentable anastomosis ring versus end-to-end anastomosis stapler: an experimental study in dogs. World J Surg 27:465, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Kuzma AB, et al: Esophageal replacement in the dog by microvascular colon transfer. Vet Surg 18:439, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
91. Ladlow J, Hardie RJ: Cricopharyngeal achalasia in dogs. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 22:750, 2000.
92. Lammerding J, et al: Diaphragmatic pedicle grafts for the repair of distal esophageal defects in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:558, 1976.
93. Lantz GC, et al: Epiphrenic esophageal diverticulectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:629, 1976.
94. Larcher T, et al: Persistent left cranial vena cava causing oesophageal obstruction and consequent megaoesophagus in a dog. J Comp Pathol 135:150, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
95. Lawther WA: Diagnosis and surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch and esophageal achalasia in the dog and cat. Austr Vet J 46:326, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
96. Lewis DT, et al: What is your diagnosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1513, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
97. Lieb MS, et al: Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 15:547, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
98. Lieb MS, Sartor LL: Esophageal foreign body obstruction caused by a dental chew treat in 31 dogs (2000–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1021, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
99. Macmanus JE, et al: The extent to which one may interfere with the blood supply of the esophagus and obtain healing on anastomosis. Surgery 28:11, 1950. PUBMED Abstract
100. MacPhail CM, et al: Thorascopic correction of persistent right aortic arch in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:577, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
101. Maxxocchi G, Rasparini A: Idiopathic congenital total megaesophagus in dogs. Treatment through esophagus-diaphragmatic cardioplasty. Clinical experience in 6 cases. Veterinaria (Cremona) 22:47, 2008.
102. McCandlish IAP, et al: Unusual vascular ring in a cat. Left aortic arch with right ligamentum arteriosum. Vet Rec 114:338, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
103. Michels GM, et al: Endoscopic and surgical retrieval of fishhooks from the stomach and esophagus in dogs and cats: 75 cases (1977–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1194, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
104. Middleton CJ, Foster JH: Visceral pleural patch for support of esophageal anastomosis. Arch Surg 104:87, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
105. Moore AH: Removal of oesophageal foreign bodies in dogs: use of the fluoroscopic method and outcome. J Sm Anim Pract 42:227, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
106. Moore TC, Goldstein J: Use of intact omentum for closure of full thickness esophageal defects. Surgery 45:900, 1959. PUBMED Abstract
107. Moutsouris C, et al: Tubular musculopleural pedicle grafting of esophageal long gaps in dogs. J Pediat Surg 22:117, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
108. Muangombut J, et al: The use of circular myotomy to facilitate resection and end-to-end anastomosis of the esophagus. An experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 68:522, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
109. Muir P, Bjorling DE: Successful surgical treatment of a broncho-oesophageal fistula in a cat. Vet Rec 134:475, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
110. Muldoon MM, et al: Long-term results of surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch in dogs: 25 cases (1980–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1761, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
111. Mutton T, et al: Management of esophageal perforation with a pedicled jejunal patch. Curr Surg 38:318, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
112. Nawrocki MA, et al: Fluoroscopic and endoscopic localization of an esophagobronchial fistula in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:257, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
113. Niles JD, et al: Resolution of dysphagia following cricopharyngeal myectomy in six young dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 42:32, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
114. Oakes MG, et al: Esophagotomy closure in the dog. A comparison of a double-layer appositional and two single-layer appositional techniques. Vet Surg 22:451, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
115. Orton EC: Esophagus. In Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins.
116. Papazoglou LG, Mann FA, Warnock JJ, et al: Cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: the lateral approach for surgical management. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim 28, 2006.
117. Park RD: Bronchoesophageal fistula in the dog: literature survey, case presentation and radiographic manifestations. Comp Cont Educ Vet Pract 6:669, 1984.
118. Parker NB, et al: Diagnosis and surgical management of esophageal perforation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:587, 1989.
119. Paulo NM, et al: Reconstruction of thoracic esophagus with pediculated diaphragmatic flap in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 22:8, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
120. Pavletic MM: Esophageal reconstruction techniques. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1990, Lea & Febiger.
121. Pavletic MM: Reconstructive esophageal surgery in the dog: a literature review and case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:435, 1981.
122. Pavletic MM: Stapling in esophageal surgery. Vet Clin of North Am 24:395, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
123. Pearson H, et al: Oesophageal diverticulum formation in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 19:341, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
124. Pearson H, et al: Reflux oesophagitis and stricture formation after anaesthesia: a review of seven cases in dogs and cats. J Sm Anim Pract 19:507, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
125. Pearson H: Symposium on conditions of the canine oesophagus—I. Foreign bodies in the oesophagus. J Sm Anim Pract 7:107, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
126. Pearson H: The differential diagnosis of persistent vomiting in the young dog. J Sm Anim Pract 11:403, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
127. Peppler C, Hubler C, Kramer M: Bite injury in the neck in dogs. Retrospective study on extent, diagnostic and therapy options. Tierarztliche Praxis 37:75, 2009.
128. Pollard RE, et al: Quantitative videofluoroscopic evaluation of pharyngeal function in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:409, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
129. Pratschke KM, et al: Topography of the gastro-oesophageal junction in the dog revisited: possible clinical implications. Res Vet Sci 76:171, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
130. Quick CB, et al: Cricopharyngeal achalasia. Auburn Vet Sping 90, 1977.
131. Rallis T, Papazoglou LG, Patsikas MN, et al: Persistent right aortic arch: does the degree of esophageal dilatation affect long-term outcome? A retrospective study in 10 dogs and 4 cats. Eur J Compar Gastroent 5:29, 2000.
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133. Ranen E, Lavy E, Aizenberg I, et al: Spirocercosis-associated esophageal sarcomas in dogs. A retrospective study of 17 cases. Vet Parasitol 119:209, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
134. Ranen E, Shamir MH, Shahar R, et al: Partial esophagectomy with single layer closure for treatment of esophageal sarcomas in 6 dogs Vet Surg 33:428, 2004b. PUBMED Abstract
135. Reed JH, Cobb LM: The diagnosis, radiographic study and surgical relief of a case of oesophageal diverticulum. Can Vet J 1:323, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
136. Reif JS: Solitary pulmonary lesions in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155:717, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
137. Rolfe DS, et al: Chronic regurgitation or vomiting caused by esophageal leiomyoma in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:425, 1994.
138. Rosin E, Hanlon GF: Canine cricopharyngeal achalasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 160:1496, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
139. Rosin E: Surgery of the esophagus. Vet Clin North Am 5:557, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
140. Ryan WW, Greene RW: The conservative management of esophageal foreign bodies and their complications: a review of 66 cases in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 11:243, 1975.
141. Saint JM, Mann FC: Experimental surgery of the esophagus. Arch Surg 18:2324, 1929.
142. Sale CS, et al: Results of transthoracic esophagotomy retrieval of esophageal foreign body obstructions in dogs: 14 cases (2000–2004). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:450, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
143. Schnelle GB: Congenital stricture of the esophagus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 78:552, 1931.
144. Shamir MH, et al: Approaches to esophageal suturing. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 21:414, 1999.
145. Shaw DG, Dodd RR: Cricopharyngeal achalasia. Canine Pract 4:32, 1977.
146. Shemesh E, Czerniak A: A comparison between Savary-Gilliard and balloon dilatation of benign esophageal strictures. World J Surg 14:518, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
147. Shinhar D, et al: The use of collagen-coated Vicryl mesh for reconstruction of the canine cervical esophagus. Pediatr Surg Internat 13:84, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
148. Shires PK, Liu W: Persistent right aortic arch in dogs: a long term follow-up after surgical correction. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:773, 1981.
149. Smollich A: Abweichungen im bereich der aste des aortenbogens und ihre bedeutung. Arch Exp Veterinar Med 15:986, 1961.
150. Sokolovsky V: Cricopharyngeal achalasia in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 150:281, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
151. Sooy TE, et al: Balloon catheter dilation of alimentary tract strictures in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol 28:131, 1987.
152. Spielman BL, et al: Esophageal foreign bodies in dogs: a retrospective study of 23 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:570, 1992.
153. Squires RA: Oesophageal obstruction by a hairball in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 30:311, 1989.
154. Stapling techniques—general surgery, ed 3, Norwalk, CT, 1988, United States Surgical Corporation.
155. Stogdale L, et al: A congenital oesophagotracheal fistula in a two-year-old dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 48:212, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
156. Straw RC, et al: Use of a vascular skeletal muscle graft for canine esophageal reconstruction. Vet Surg 16:155, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
157. Sumner-Smith G: Oesophagotomy and oesophageal resection. J Sm Anim Pract 14:429, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
158. Swenson O, Clatworthy HW: Partial esophagotomy with end-to-end anastomosis in the posterior mediastinum. Surgery 25:839, 1949. PUBMED Abstract
159. Taylor RA: Transdiaphragmatic approach to distal esophageal foreign bodies. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:749, 1982.
160. Thrall DE: Bronchoesophageal fistula in a dog. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 14:22, 1973.
161. Tobias KM, University of Tennessee Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, personal communication.
162. Tsukise A, et al: Two anomalous cases of the right subclavian artery arising directly from the aortic arch in dogs. Jap J Vet Sci 34:11, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
163. van der Ingh TSGAM, van der Linde-Sipman JS: Vascular rings in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 164:939, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
164. van Ee RT, et al: Bronchoesophageal fistula and transient megaesophagus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:874, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
165. vanGrundy T: Vascular ring anomalies. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 11:36, 1989.
166. Vianna ML, Krahwinkel DJ Jr: Double aortic arch in a dog. J Vet Med Assoc 225:1222, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
167. Villanova JA Jr, Daleck CR, Wouk AFPF, et al: Use of porcine intestinal submucous conserved in neomycin sulphate for esophagus graft in dogs. Arch Vet Sci 11:54, 2006.
168. Warnock JJ, et al: Surgical management of cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: 14 cases (1989–2001). J Vet Med Assoc 223:1462, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
169. Watrous BJ, Sutter PF: Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study. Vet Radiol 20:99, 1979.
170. Weaver AD: Cricopharyngeal achalasia in cocker spaniels. J Sm Anim Pract 24:209, 1983.
171. Westfall DS, et al: Evaluation of esophageal transit of tablets and capsules in 30 cats. J Vet Intern Med 15:467, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
172. Weyrauch EA, Willard MD: Esophagitis and benign esophageal strictures. Comp Cont Educ Vet Pract 20:203, 1998.
173. Wheaton LG, et al: Persistent right aortic arch associated with other vascular anomalies in two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:848, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
174. White RAS, Lane JG: Pharyngeal stick penetration injuries in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 29:12, 1988.
175. White RN, et al: Vascular ring anomaly with coarctation of the aorta in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 44:330, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
176. Willard MD, et al: Iatrogenic tears associated with ballooning of esophageal strictures. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:431, 1994.
177. Williams DB, Payne WS: Observations on esophageal blood supply. Mayo Clin Proc 57:448, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
178. Withrow SJ: Esophageal cancer. In Withrow SJ, MacEwan EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 320–321.
179. Withrow SJ: Esophageal cancer. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, pp 477–478.
180. Wowk BJ, Olson GA: Megaesophagus produced by persistent right aortic arch in a cat. VM SAC 75:77, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
181. Wysong RL: Embryology of persistent right aortic arch. VM SAC 64:203, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
182. Yamataka A, et al: Tubed latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps for esophageal replacement in puppies: long term follow-up. J Pediatr Surg 35:1623, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
183. Yamataka A, et al: Tubed latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps for thoracic esophageal replacement: an experimental study. J Pediat Surg 29:590, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
184. Yarim M, et al: Double aortic arch in a Siamese cat. Vet Pathol 36:340, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
185. Zhou JH, et al: Prevention of stricture development after corrosive esophageal burn with a modified esophageal stent in dogs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 136:1336, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 91: Stomach
[pic]
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147. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Bement S, et al: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs susceptible to gastric dilatation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1576, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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157. Schellenberg D, Yi Q, Glickman N, et al: Influence of thoracic conformation and genetics on the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus in Irish setters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:64, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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172. Walter M, Mathiesen D: Acquired antral pyloric hypertrophy in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 23:547, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
173. Walter M, Matthiesen D, Stone E: Pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy in the dog: technique and clinical results in 28 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:909, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
174. Ward MP, Patronek GJ, Glickman LT: Benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus. Prev Vet Med 60:319, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
175. Waschak M: Evaluation of percutaneous gastrostomy as a technique for permanent gastropexy. Vet Surg 26:235, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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177. Wheaton L, Thacker H, Caldwell S: Intravenous fluorescein as an indicator of gastric viability in gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:197, 1986.
178. Whitney W, Scavelli T, Matthiesen D: Belt-loop gastropexy: technique and surgical results in 20 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:75, 1989.
179. Willard MD, Mansell J, Fosgate GT, et al: Effect of sample quality on the sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy for detecting gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 22:1084, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
180. Wilson D, Walshaw R: Postanesthesia esophageal dysfunction in 13 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:455, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
181. Wilson DV, Boruta DT, Evans AT: Influence of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on gastroesophageal reflux during anesthesia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 67:1821, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
182. Wilson E, Henderson R, Montgomery R, et al: A comparison of laparoscopic and belt-loop gastropexy in dogs. Vet Surg 25:221, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
183. Winkler KP, Greenfield CL, Schaeffer DJ: Bacteremia and bacterial translocation in the naturally occurring canine gastric dilatation-volvulus patient. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:361, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
184. Woolfson J, Kostolich M: Circumcostal gastropexy: clinical use of the technique in 34 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:825, 1986.
185. Zacher LA, Berg J, Shaw SP, et al: Association between outcome and changes in plasma lactate concentration during presurgical treatment in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 64 cases (2002–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 236:892, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 92: Small Intestine
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184. Sellin JH: Intestinal electrolyte absorption and secretion. In Feldman M, editor: Gastrointestinal and liver disease, Philadelphia, 1998, Saunders, p 1451.
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186. Shealy PM, Henderson RA: Canine intestinal volvulus. A report of nine new cases. Vet Surg 21(1):15–19, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
187. Song F, Glenny AM: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [erratum appears in Br J Surg 86(2):280, 1999]. Br J Surg 85(9):1232–1241, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
188. Spencer CP, Ackerman N: Thoracic and abdominal radiography of the trauma patient. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 10(3):541–559, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
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190. Staatz AJ, Monnet E, Seim HB 3rd: Open peritoneal drainage versus primary closure for the treatment of septic peritonitis in dogs and cats: 42 cases (1993–1999). Vet Surg 31(2):174–180, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
191. Suter PF, Olsson SE: The diagnosis of injuries to the intestines, gallbladder and bile ducts in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 11(9):575–584, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
192. Swift I: Ultrasonographic features of intestinal entrapment in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50(2):205–207, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
193. Tangner CH: A review of canine intestinal intussusception. Southwest Vet 34(3):203–207, 1982.
194. Thompson JS: Growth of neomucosa after intestinal resection. Arch Surg 122(3):316–319, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
195. Thompson JS: Surgical considerations in the short bowel syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176(1):89–101, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
196. Thompson JS, Quigley EM, Adrian TE: Effect of intestinal tapering and lengthening on intestinal structure and function. Am J Surg 169(1):111–119, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
197. Thompson JS, Quigley EM, Adrian TE: Factors affecting outcome following proximal and distal intestinal resection in the dog: an examination of the relative roles of mucosal adaptation, motility, luminal factors, and enteric peptides. Dig Dis Sci 44(1):63–74, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
198. Thrall DE: Gastrointestinal radiography. III. Normal radiographic presentations. Vet Gastroenterol 65–76, 1980.
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201. Ullman SL: Surgical stapling of the small intestine. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 24(2):305–322, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
202. Ullman SL, Pavletic MM, Clark GN: Open intestinal anastomosis with surgical stapling equipment in 24 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 20(6):385–391, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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206. Walker MC: Physiology of the digestive system. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 522–529.
207. Wallack ST, Hornof WJ, Herrgesell EJ: Ultrasonographic diagnosis—small bowel infarction in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44(1):81–85, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
208. Washabau RJ: Gastrointestinal motility disorders and gastrointestinal prokinetic therapy. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 33(5):1007–1028, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
209. Washabau RJ, Holt DE: Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 530–552.
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211. Weaver AD: Canine intestinal intussusception. Vet Rec 100(25):524–527, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
212. Weinstein J, Beck K, Quinn M, Jessen C: Evaluation of the abdomen using ultrasound following a ventral midline celiotomy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(4):337–339, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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214. Westermarck E, Rimaila-Parnanen E: Mesenteric torsion in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: 21 cases (1978–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 195(10):1404–1406, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
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216. Williams DA, Burrows CF: Short bowel syndrome—a case report in a dog and discussion of the pathophysiology of bowel resection. J Sm Anim Pract 22(5):263–265, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
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218. Wilson GP, Burt JK: Intussusception in the dog and cat: a review of 45 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 164(5):515–518, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
219. Wolfe DA: Recurrent intestinal intussusceptions in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 171(6):553–556, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
220. Wolfe DA, Meyer CW: Obstructing intestinal abscess in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166(5):518–519, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
221. Woolfson JM, Dulisch ML: Open abdominal drainage in the treatment of generalized peritonitis in 25 dogs and cats. Vet Surg 15(1):27–32, 1986.
222. Wright JF, Berman E: Intestinal torsion in the cat. Feline Pract 3(5):42–43, 1973.
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225. Yanoff SR, Willard MD, Boothe HW, Walker M: Short-bowel syndrome in four dogs. Vet Surg 21(3):217–222, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 93: Colon
[pic]
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Chapter 94: Rectum, Anus, and Perineum
[pic]
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245. Robson D, Burton G, Bassett R, et al: Cytological examination and physical characteristics of the anal sacs in 17 clinically normal dogs. Aust Vet J 81:36–41, 2002.
246. Rochat MC, Mann FA: Sciatic perineal hernia in two dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 39:240–243, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
247. Rosin E, Uphoff TS, Schultz-Darken NJ, et al: Cefazolin antibacterial activity and concentrations in serum and the surgical wound in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54:1317–1321,1993. PUBMED Abstract
248. Rosol TJ, Capen CC, Danks JA, et al: Identification of parathyroid hormone-related protein in canine apocrine adenocarcinoma of the anal sac. Vet Pathol 27:89–95, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
249. Ross JT, Scavelli TD, Matthiesen DT, Patnaik AK: Adenocarcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs: a review of 32 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:349–355, 1991.
250. Rubin S, Shivaprasad HL: Hypercalcemia associated with an anal sac adenocarcinoma in a castrated male dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 7:348–352, 1985.
251. Rytz U, Hofer D, Spreng D: Treatment of canine perianal fistulas with cyclosporine and cyclosporine/ketoconazole combination: preliminary results. Vet Surg 28:204, 1999.
252. Saglam M, Kaya U: Cryosurgical treatment of anal sac fistulae in dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 32:407–411, 2008.
253. Sandborn WJ, Strong RM, Forland SC, et al: The pharmacokinetics and colonic tissue concentrations of cyclosporine after IV, oral and enema administration. J Clin Pharmacol 31:76–80, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
254. Sandler RS, Galanko JC, Murray SC, et al: Aspirin and nonsteroidal agents and risk for colorectal adenomas. Gastroenterology 114:441–447. PUBMED Abstract
255. Sandwith DJ: Perineal hernia in the bitch. Vet Rec 99:18, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
256. Sato T, Konishi F, Kanazawa K: End-to-side pudendal nerve anastomosis for the creation of a new reinforcing anal sphincter in dogs. Surgery 127:92–98, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
257. Saulnier-Troff FG, Busscher VD, Hamaide A: Acute gaseous peritonitis after rupture of a retroperitoneal diverticulum in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 49:356–358, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
258. Scarff DH: An approach to anal sac diseases. In Foster AP, Foil CS, editors: British small animal veterinary association manual of small animal dermatology, ed 2, Gloucester, 2003, British Small Animal Veterinary Medical Association, pp 121–124.
259. Schafter E, Scheter B: Incidence and type of canine rectal carcinomas. J Sm Anim Pract 9:491–496, 1968.
260. Scher KS: Studies on the duration of antibiotic administration for surgical prophylaxis. Am Surgeon 63:59–62, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
261. Schiller AG, Helper LC, Knecht CD, et al: Repair of rectocutaneous fistulas in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 150:758–759, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
262. Schwabegger AH, Kronberger P, Obrist P. Functional sphincter ani externus reconstruction for treatment of fecal stress incontinence using free latissimus dorsi muscle transfer with coaptation to the pudendal nerve: preliminary experimental study in dogs. J Reconstr Microsurg 23:79–85, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
263. Seiler RJ: Colorectal polyps of the dog: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:72–75, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
264. Seim HB: Mechanisms of cold-induced death. Vet Clin North Am 10:755–762, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
265. Seim HB: Surgical management of perineal hernia. Proc North Am Vet Conference 2009, pp 1571–1573.
266. Seim HB III: Diseases of the anus and rectum. In Kirk RW, editor: Current veterinary therapy, IX, Philadelphia, 1989, Saunders, pp 916–921.
267. Seim HB III: Surgery of the feline anus and rectum. Proc PostGrad Comm in Vet Sci-Univ of Sydney 308:125–134, 1998.
268. Senagore A, Milsom JW, Senagore P, et al: A comparison between intrarectal ultrasound and CT scanning in staging of experimental rectal tumors. J Surg Res 44:522, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
269. Seuss RP Jr, Martin RA, Moon ML, et al: Rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani in three kittens. Cornell Vet 82:141–153, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
270. Shafik A, El Sibai O, Ahmed I: Parasympathetic extrinsic reflex: role in defecation mechanism. World J Surg 26:737–741, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
271. Shahar R, Shamir MH, Niebauer GW: A possible association between acquired nontraumatic inguinal and perineal hernia in adult male dogs. Can Vet J 37:614–616, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
272. Shearer DH, Day MJ: Aspects of humoral immune response to staphylococcus intermedius in dogs with superficial pyoderma, deep pyoderma and anal furunculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 58:107–120, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
273. Shelley BA: Use of the carbon dioxide laser for perianal and rectal surgery. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 32:6211–6637, 2002.
274. Shelley BA: Use of the carbon dioxide laser for perianal and rectal surgery. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 32:621–637, 2002.
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276. Shoieb AM, Hanshaw DM: Anal sac gland carcinoma in 64 cats in the United Kingdom (1995–2007). Vet Pathol 46:677–683, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
277. Simeonov R, Simeonova G: Computer-assisted nuclear morphometry in the cytological evaluation of canine perianal adenocarcinomas. J Comp Path 139:226–230, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
278. Sims MH: Electrodiagnostic techniques in the evaluation of diseases affecting skeletal muscle. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 13:145–162, 1983.
279. Sjollema BE, van Sluijs FJ: Perineal hernia in the dog: developments in its treatment and retrospective study in 197 patients. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 116:142–147, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
280. Sjollema BE, Venker-van Haagen AJ, van Sluijs FJ, et al: Electromyography of the pelvic diaphragm and anal sphincter in dogs with perineal hernia. Am J Vet Res 54:185–190, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
281. Sontas BH, Apaydin SO, Toydemir TSF: Perineal hernia because of retroflexion on the urinary bladder in a Rottweiler bitch during pregnancy. J Sm Anim Pract 49:421–425, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
282. Sparks ER: Prostatectomy in the reduction of perineal hernias in the dog. Vet Med 28:508, 1933.
283. Spreull JSA, Frankland AL: Transplanting the superficial gluteal muscle in the treatment of perineal hernia and flexure of the rectum in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 21:265–278, 1980.
284. Spugnini EP, Filipponi M, Romani L, et al: Local control and distant metastasis after electrochemotherapy of a canine anal melanoma. In Vivo 21:897–900, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
285. 285 Stannard AA, Pulley LT: Tumors of the skin and soft tissues. In Moulton JE, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, Berkeley, CA, 1978, University of California Press, pp 59–62.
286. Stephenson BM, Ng KJ, Shandall AA, Price-Thomas JM: Endoscopic transanal resection of large villous tumours of the rectum. Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng 74:54–58, 1992.
287. Stoll MR, Cook JL, Pope ET, et al: The use of porcine mall intestine submucosa as a biomaterial for perineal herniorrhaphy in the dog. Vet Surg 31:379, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
288. Straw RC, Withrow SJ, Seim HB, et al: Intraoperative radiation for management of metastatic carcinoma to the sublumbar lymph nodes. Townsend, TN, 1994, Veterinary Cancer Society 14th Annual Meeting.
289. Stubbs RS: The aetiology of colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 70:313–316, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
290. Suess RP Jr, Martin RA, Moon ML, Dallman MJ: Rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani in three kittens. Cornell Vet 82:141–153, 1982.
291. Swiderskii J, Withrow S: A novel surgical technique for rectal mass removal: a retrospective analysis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:67–71, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
292. Tams T: Anorectal diseases. In Handbook of small animal gastroenterology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 281–285.
293. Theilan GH, Madewell BR: In Theilen GH, Madewell BR, editors: Veterinary cancer medicine, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1987, Lea & Febiger, pp 392–407.
294. Thompson JP, Christopher MM, Ellison GW, et al: Paraneoplastic leukocytosis associated with a rectal adenomatous polyp in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:737–738, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
295. Thompson MS: Diseases of the anal sacs. In Bonagura JD, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy, XIII, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders, pp 591–593.
296. Thompson SE, Hendrickson DA: Minimally invasive hernia repair: ancillary procedures for perineal hernia. In Freeman LJ, editor: Veterinary endosurgery, St Louis, 1998, Mosby, pp 110–112.
297. Tisdall PLC, Hunt GB, Beck JA, Malik R: Management of perianal fistulae in five dogs using azathioprine and metronidazole before surgery. Aust Vet J 77:374–378, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
298. Tivers MS, Catchpole B, Gregory SP, et al: Interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma mRNA expression in canine anal furunculosis lesions and the effect of cyclosporine therapy. Vet Immununol Immunopathol 125:31–36, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
299. Tobias KS: Rectal perforation, rectocutaneous fistula formation, and enterocutaneous fistula formation after pelvic trauma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(9):1292–1296, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
300. Tobias KS, Barbee D: Abnormal micturition and recurrent cystitis associated with multiple congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:191–193, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
301. Tsukise A, Meyer W, Nagaoka D, et al: Lectin histochemistry of the canine anal glands. Ann Anat 182:151–159, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
302. Turek MM, Forrest LJ, Adams WM, et al: A pilot study to evaluate radiotherapy and mitoxantrone for the treatment of canine anal sac adenocarcinoma. Proc Veterinary Oncology Meeting, 1999.
303. Turek MM, Withrow SJ: Perianal tumors. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 503–510.
304. Turrel JM, Theon AP: Single high-dose irradiation for selected canine rectal carcinomas. Vet Radiol 27:141–145, 1986.
305. Vail DM, Withrow SJ, Schwarz PD, Powers BE: Perianal adenocarcinoma in the canine male: a retrospective study of 41 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:329–334, 1990.
306. Valerius KD, Powers BE, Hutchison JM, et al: Adenomatous polyps and carcinoma in situ of the canine colon and rectum: 34 cases (1982–1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:156–160, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
307. van den Broek AHM, Else RW, Hunter MS: Atresia ani and urethrorectal fistula in a kitten. J Sm Anim Pract 29:91–94, 1988.
308. van Ee RT: Tail amputation for the treatment of perianal fistulas in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 23:95–100, 1987.
309. Van Sluijs FJ, Sjollema BE: Perineal hernia repair in the dog by transposition of the internal obturator muscle. I. Surgical technique. Vet Q 11:12–17, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
310. Van Stolk RU, Beck GJ, Baron JA, et al: Adenoma characteristics at first colonoscopy as predictors of adenoma recurrence and characteristics at follow-up. Gastroenterology 115:13–18, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
311. Vasseur PB: Perianal fistulae in dogs: a retrospective analysis of surgical techniques. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:177–179, 1981.
312. Vasseur PB: Results of surgical excision of perianal fistulas in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:60–62, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
313. Vianna M, Tobias KM: Atresia ani in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41:317–322, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
314. Vnuk D, Maticic D, Kreszinger M, et al: A modified salvage technique in surgical repair of perineal hernia in dogs using polypropylene mesh. Veterinarni Medicina 51:111–117, 2006.
315. Vnuk D, Babic T, Stejskal D, et al: Application of a semitendinosus muscle flap in the treatment of perineal hernia in a cat. Vet Rec 156:182–184, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
316. Walker RG: Perineal hernia in the dog. Vet Rec 77:93–94, 1965.
317. Walshaw R: Removal of rectoanal neoplasms. In Bojrab MJ, Birchard ST, Tomlinson JL, editors: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1990, Lea & Febiger, pp 274–290.
318. Washabau RJ, Brockman DJ: Recto-anal disease. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1994, Saunders, pp 1398–1409.
319. Weaver AD, Omamegbe JO: Surgical treatment of perineal hernia in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 22:749, 1981.
320. Webb CB, McCord KW, Twedt DC: Rectal strictures in 19 dogs (1997–2005). J Am Anim Hosp 43:332–336, 2007.
321. Weese JL, Bruskewitz R: Endoscopic transrectal resection of rectal carcinomas using the urologic resectoscope. Dis Colon Rectum 27:123–125, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
322. Weiss G: Relaxin in the male. Biol Reprod 40:197–200, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
323. Welches CD, Scavelli TD, Aronson MG, et al: Perineal hernia in the cat: a retrospective study of 40 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:431–438, 1992.
324. Welsh E: Management of anal furunculosis in the dog. In Pract 23:208–219, 2001.
325. White RAS, Gorman NT: The clinical diagnosis and management of rectal and pararectal tumours in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 28:87–107, 1987.
326. White RA, Herrtage ME: Bladder retroflexion in the dog. J Sm Anim Pract 27:735–746, 1986.
327. Whitney WO, Schrader LA: Urethrorectal fistulectomy in a dog using a perineal approach. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:568–569, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
328. Williams LE, Gliatto JM, Dodge RK, et al: Carcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs: 113 cases (1985–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:825–831, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
329. Wilson GP, Hayes HM Jr: Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1301–1303, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
330. Wisselink MA, Willemse A, Koeman JP: Deep pyoderma in the German shepherd dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:773–776, 1985.
331. Whitebread TJ, Batt RN, Garthwaite G: Relative deficiency of serum IgA in the German shepherd dog: a breed abnormality. Res Vet Sci 37:350–352, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
332. Wooldridge JD, Gregory CR, Mathews LG, et al: Clinical evaluation of leflunomide alone, leflunomide and cyclosporine, and cyclosporine at varying dosages in the treatment of perianal fistula in dogs, personal communication.
333. Yoon HY, Mann FA: Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy for surgical management of caudal colonic and rectal masses in six dogs and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1016–1020, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 95: Liver and Biliary System
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Chapter 96: Hepatic Vascular Anomalies
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151. Scrivani PV, Yeager AE, Dykes NL, Scarlett JM: Influence of patient positioning on sensitivity of mesenteric portography for detecting an anomalous portosystemic blood vessel in dogs: 34 cases (1997–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1251–1253, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
152. Seguin B, Tobias KM, Gavin PR, et al: Use of magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosis of portosystemic shunts in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:251, 2005.
153. Seim H, MacPhail C, Monnet E, et al: Outcome of surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts using ameroid ring constrictors or cellophane banding in 13 cats. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery, June 2008.
154. Sereda CW, Adin CA: Methods of gradual vascular occlusion and their applications in treatment of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: a review. Vet Surg 34:83–91, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
155. Shawcross D, Jalan R: Dispelling myths in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet 365:431, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
156. Siman J, Payer J, Stojkovic J, et al: Hemodynamics of the liver. II. Hemodynamics of the dog liver after resection of 70% of the liver and ligation of the left branch of the portal vein. Zeitschrift fur Exp Chir 12:113–118, 1979.
157. Simpson KW, Meyer DJ, Boswood A, et al: Iron status and erythrocyte volume in dogs with congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies. J Vet Intern Med 11:14, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
158. Smith KR, Bauer M, Monnet E: Portosystemic communications: follow-up of 32 cases. J Sm Anim Pract 36(10):435, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
159. Sterczer A, Meyer HP, Boswijk HC, Rothuizen J: Evaluation of ammonia measurements in dogs with two analysers for use in veterinary practice. Vet Rec 144:23–26, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
160. Sura PA, Tobias KM, Morandi F, et al: Comparison of 99mTcO4—trans-splenic portal scintigraphy with per-rectal portal scintigraphy for diagnosis of portosystemic shunts in dogs. Vet Surg 36:654, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
161. Swalec KM: Portosystemic shunts. In Bojrab MJ, Smeak DD, Bloomberg MS, editors: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, pp 298–305.
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163. Swalec KM, Smeak DD, Brown J: Effects of mechanical and pharmacologic manipulations on portal pressure, central venous pressure, and heart rate. Am J Vet Res 52:1327–1335, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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165. Szatmári V, van Sluijs FJ, Rothuizen J, Voorhout G: Intraoperative ultrasonography of the portal vein during attenuation of intrahepatic portocaval shunts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1086–1092, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
166. Szatmári V, van Sluijs FJ, Rothuizen J, Voorhout G: Ultrasonographic assessment of hemodynamic changes in the portal vein during surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:395–402, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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172. Tisdall PLC, Hunt GB, Youmans KR, Malik R: Neurological dysfunction in dogs following attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Sm Anim Pract 41:539–546, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
173. Tisdall PC, Tothwell TW, Hunt GB, et al: Glomerulopathy in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Aust Vet J 73:52, 1997.
174. Tobias KM: Determination of inheritance of single congenital portosystemic shunts in Yorkshire terriers. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:385, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
175. Tobias KM: Portosystemic shunts. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors: Current veterinary therapy XIV, ed 14, St Louis, 2009, Saunders/Elsevier, p 581.
176. Tobias KM: Portosystemic shunts and other hepatic vascular anomalies. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 727–751.
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178. Tobias KM, Byarlay JM, Henry RW: A new dissection technique for approach to right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: anatomical study and use in 3 dogs. Vet Surg 33:32–39, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
179. Tobias KM, Rohrbach BW: Association of breed with the diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 2400 cases (1980–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223(11):1636, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
180. Tobias KM, Rohrbach BW: Proportional diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs accessed by veterinary teaching hospitals: 1980–2002. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1636–1639, 2003.
181. Tobias KMS, Johnston G, Seguin B: Surgical approaches to single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 20:593–601, 1998.
182. Tobias KMS, Rawlings CA: Surgical techniques for extravascular occlusion of intrahepatic shunts. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 18:745–755, 1996.
183. Tobias KS, Barbee D, Pluhar GE: Intraoperative use of subtraction angiography and an ultrasonic aspirator to improve identification and isolation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 208(6):888–890, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
184. Toulsa O, Center SA, Brooks MB, et al: Evaluation of plasma protein C activity for detection of hepatobiliary disease and portosystemic shunting in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(11):1761–1771, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
185. Trow AV, Rozanski EA, deLaforcade AM, Chan DL: Evaluation of use of human albumin in critically ill dogs: 73 cases (2003–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:607–612, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
186. Uršič M, Ravnik D, Hribernik M, et al: Gross anatomy of the portal vein and hepatic artery ramifications in dogs: corrosion cast study. Anat Histol Embryol 36:83–87, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
187. Van den Ingh TS, Rothuizen J: Hepatoportal fibrosis in three young dogs. Vet Rec 110:575, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
188. van Gundy TE, Boothe HW, Wolf A: Results of surgical management of feline portosystemic shunts. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:55–62, 1990.
189. van Straten G, Leegwater PAJ, de Vries M, et al: Inherited congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in Cairn Terriers. J Vet Intern Med 19:321–324, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
190. van Vechten BJ van, Komtebedde J, Koblik PD, et al: Use of transcolonic portal scintigraphy to monitor blood flow and progressive postoperative attenuation of partially ligated single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1770–1774, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
191. Vogt JC, Krahwinkel DJ, Bright RM, et al: Gradual occlusion of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats using the ameroid constrictor. Vet Surg 25:495–502, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
192. Volk HA, et al: The efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in pharmacoresistant epileptic dogs. Vet J 176(3):310–319, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
193. Walker MC, Hill RC, Guilford WG, et al: Postprandial venous ammonia concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 15:463, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
194. Washizu T, Washizu M, Zhang C, et al: A suspected case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 66(6):701, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
195. Watson PJ, Herrtage ME: Medical management of congenital portosystemic shunts in 27 dogs—a retrospective study. J Sm Anim Pract 39:62, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
196. Weisse C: Personal communication, February 12, 2011.
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198. Weisse C, Mondschein JI, Itkin M, et al: Use of a percutaneous atrial septal occluder device for complete acute occlusion of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(2):249–252, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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200. White RN, Burton CA: Anatomy of the patent ductus venosus in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 3:229–233, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
201. White RN, Burton CA: Anatomy of the patent ductus venosus in the dog. Vet Rec 146:425–429, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
202. White RN, Burton CA, McEvoy FJ: Surgical treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 45 dogs. Vet Rec 142:358–365, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
203. White RN, Forster van Hijfte MA, Petrie G, et al: Surgical treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in six cats. Vet Rec 139:314–317, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
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205. White RN, Trower ND, McEvoy FJ, et al: A method for controlling portal pressure after attenuation of intrahepatic portocaval shunts. Vet Surg 25:407–413, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
206. Whiting PG, Breznock EM, Moore P, et al: Partial hepatectomy with temporary hepatic vascular occlusion in dogs with hepatic arteriovenous fistulas. Vet Surg 15:171–180, 1986.
207. Whiting PA, Peterson SL: Portosystemic shunts. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 660–677.
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216. Youmans KR, Hunt GB: Cellophane banding for the gradual attenuation of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in eleven dogs. Aust Vet J 76:531–537, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 97: Pancreas
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43. Matthiesen D, Mullen H: Problems and complications associated with endocrine surgery in the dog and cat. Probl Vet Med 2:627, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
44. Mayhew P: Techniques for laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted biopsy of abdominal organs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:170–176, 2009.
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54. Rutgers C, Herring D, Orton E: Pancreatic pseudocyst associated with pancreatitis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:411, 1985.
55. Salinas A, Triebling A, Toth L, et al: The pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocysts: a canine experimental model. Am J Gastroenterol 80(2):126–131, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
56. Salisbury S, Lantz G, Nelson R: Pancreatic abscess in dogs: six cases (1978–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1104, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Schaer M: A clinicopathologic survey of acute pancreatitis in 30 dogs and 5 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:681, 1979.
58. Seaman RL: Exocrine pancreatic neoplasia in the cat: a case series. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40(3):238–245, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Swift N, Marks S, MacLachalan N: Evaluation of serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:37, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
64. Tasker S, Griffon DJ, Nuttall TJ, et al: Resolution of paraneoplastic alopecia following surgical removal of a pancreatic carcinoma in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 40(1):16–19, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
65. Thompson LJ, Seshadri R, Raffe MR: Characteristics and outcomes in surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis: 37 dogs (2001–2007). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 19(2):165–173, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
66. Tobin R, Nelson R, Lucroy M: Outcome of surgical versus medical treatment of dogs with beta cell neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:226, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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68. VanEnkevort BA, O’Brien RT, Young KM: Pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 dogs and 2 cats: ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings. J Vet Intern Med 13(4):309–313, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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77. Yokota T, Denham W, Murayama K, et al: Pancreatic stellate cell activation and MMP production in experimental pancreatic fibrosis. J Surg Res 104(2):106–111, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 98: Feeding Tubes
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11. Cavanaugh RP, Kovak JR, Fischetti AJ, et al: Evaluation of surgically placed gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes in critically ill dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(3):380–388, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
12. Clary EM, Hardie EM, Fischer WD, Kyles AE: Nonendoscopic antegrade percutaneous gastrostomy: the effect of preplacement gastric insufflation on tube position and intra-abdominal anatomy. J Vet Intern Med 10:15–20, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
13. Crane SW: Placement and maintenance of a temporary feeding tube gastrostomy in the dog and cat. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11(10):770–776, 1980.
14. Crowe DT: Clinical use of an indwelling nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition and fluid therapy in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:675–682, 1986.
15. Crowe DT: Enteral nutrition for critically ill or injured patients—part I. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 8(9):603–612, 1986.
16. Crowe DT: Enteral nutrition for critically ill or injured patients—part II. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 8(10):719–732, 1986.
17. Crowe DT: Nutritional support for the hospitalized patient: an introduction to tube feeding. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 12(12):1711–1720, 1990.
18. Crowe DT, Devey JJ: Clinical experience with jejunostomy feeding tubes in 47 small animal patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 7(1):7–19, 1997.
19. Crowe DT, Devey JJ: Esophagostomy tubes for feeding and decompression: clinical experience in 29 small animal patients. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:393–403, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
20. Crowe DT, Downs MO: Pharyngostomy complications in dogs and cats and recommended technical modifications: experimental and clinical investigations. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:493–502, 1986.
21. Daye RM, Huber ML, Henderson RA: Interlocking box jejunostomy: a new technique for enteral feeding. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:129–134, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
22. DeBowes LJ, Coyne B, Layton CE: Comparison of French-Pezzar and Malecot catheters for percutaneously placed gastrostomy tubes in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(12):1963–1965, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
23. Devitt CM, Seim HB: Clinical evaluation of tube esophagostomy in small animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:55–60, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Elliott DA, Riel DL, Rogers QR: Complications and outcomes associated with use of gastrostomy tubes for nutritional management of dogs with renal failure: 56 cases (1994–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217(9):1337–1342, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
25. Fulton RB, Dennis JS: Blind percutaneous placement of a gastrostomy tube for nutritional support in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201(5):697–700, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
26. Glaus TM, Cornelius LM, Bartges JW, Reusch C: Complications with non-endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy in 31 cats and 10 dogs: a retrospective study. J Sm Anim Pract 39:218–222, 1998.
27. Hardie EM, Armstrong PJ: Development of a gastro-jejunal tube for the dog. J Nutr 121(suppl):S154, 1991.
28. Jennings M, Center SA, Barr SC, Brandes D: Successful treatment of feline pancreatitis using an endoscopically placed gastrojejunostomy tube. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:145–152, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
29. Lantz GC, Cantwell HD, Van Vleet JF, et al: Pharyngostomy tube induced esophagitis in the dog: an experimental study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:207–212, 1983.
30. Levine PB, Smallwood LJ, Buback JL: Esophagostomy tubes as a method of nutritional management in cats: a retrospective study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:405–410, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
31. Marks SL: The principles and practical application of enteral nutrition. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 28(3):677–708, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
32. Mason NJ, Michel KE: Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum after gastrostomy tube placement in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216(7):1096–1099, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
33. Mathews KA, Binnington AG: Percutaneous incisionless placement of a gastrostomy tube utilizing a gastroscope: preliminary observations. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:601–610, 1986.
34. Mauterer JV Jr, Abood SK, Buffington CA, Smeak DD: New technique and management guidelines for percutaneous nonendoscopic tube gastrostomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(4):574–579, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
35. McCrackin MA, DeNovo RC, Bright RM, Toal RL: Endoscopic placement of a percutaneous gastroduodenostomy feeding tube in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203(6):792–796, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
36. Mohr AJ, Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS, et al: Effect of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 17:791–798, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
37. Novo RE, Churchill J, Faudskar L, Lipowitz AJ: Limited approach to the right flank for placement of a duodenostomy tube. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:193–199, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
38. Orton EC: Enteral hyperalimentation administered via needle catheter-jejunostoma as an adjunct to cranial abdominal surgery in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188(12):1406–1411, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
39. O'Toole E, Miller CW, Wilson BA, et al: Comparison of the standard predictive equation for calculation of resting energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry in hospitalized and healthy dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225(1):58–64, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
40. Rawlings CA: Percutaneous placement of a midcervical esophagostomy tube: new technique and representative cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:526–530, 1993.
41. Remillard RL, Darden DE, Michel KE, et al: An investigation of the relationship between caloric intake and outcome in hospitalized dogs. Vet Ther 2(4):301–310, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
42. Salinardi BJ, Harkin KR, Bulmer BJ, Roush JK: Comparison of complications of percutaneous endoscopic versus surgically placed gastrostomy tubes in 42 dogs and 52 cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:51–56, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
43. Seaman R, Legendre AM: Owner experiences with home use of a gastrostomy tube in their dog or cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212(10):1576–1578, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
44. Seim HB, Willard M: Postoperative care of the surgical patient. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St Louis, 1997, Mosby, pp 64–85.
45. Smeak DD: The Chinese finger trap suture technique for fastening tubes and catheters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:215–218, 1990.
46. Smith SA, Ludlow CL, Hoskinson JJ, et al: Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastric emptying in clinically normal cats. Am J Vet Res 59:1414–1416, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
47. Stevenson MAM, Stiffler KS, Schmiedt CW: One-step placement of a percutaneous nonendoscopic low-profile gastrostomy port in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217(11):1636–1641, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
48. Swann HM, Sweet DC, Michel K: Complications associated with use of jejunostomy tubes in dogs and cats: 40 cases (1989–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210(12):1764–1767, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
49. Swann HM, Sweet DC, Holt DE, Michel K: Placement of a low-profile duodenostomy and jejunostomy device in five dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 39:191–194, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
50. von Werthern CJ, Wess G: A new technique for insertion of esophagostomy tubes in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:140–144, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION VIII: Respiratory System
Chapter 99: Nasal Planum, Nasal Cavity, and Sinuses
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61. Goodfellow M, Hayes A, Murphy S, Brearley M: A retrospective study of (90)Strontium plesiotherapy for feline squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum. J Feline Med Surg 8(3):169–176, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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179. Tyler JW: Endoscopic retrieval of a large, nasopharyngeal foreign body. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(6):513–516, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
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191. Windsor RC, Johnson LR, Sykes JE, et al: Molecular detection of microbes in nasal tissue of dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. J Vet Intern Med 20(2):250–256, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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194. Withrow SJ, Vail DM: Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology ed 4, St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier.
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196. Zonderland JL, Stork CK, Saunders JH, et al: Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221(10):1421–1425, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 100: Palate
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84. Weissman C, Damask MC, Yang J: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following laryngeal obstruction. Anesthesiology 60:163, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
85. White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, et al: Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 50:34, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
86. Woodward TM: Greater palatine island axial pattern flap for repair of oronasal fistula related to eosinophilic granuloma. J Vet Dent 23:161, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
87. Younes M: Mechanisms of respiratory load compensation. In Dempsey JA, Pack AI, editors: Regulation of breathing, ed 2, New York, 1995, Marcel Dekker.
Chapter 101: Larynx
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Chapter 102: Trachea and Bronchi
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Chapter 103: Lungs
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7. Berzon JL, Rendano VT, Hoffer RE: Recurrent pneumothorax secondary to ruptured pulmonary blebs: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:707, 1979.
8. Brissot HN, Dupre GP, Bouvy BM, Paquet L: Thoracoscopic treatment of bullous emphysema in 3 dogs. Vet Surg 32:524–529, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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15. DeBerry JD, Norris CR, Samii VF, et al: Correlation between fine-needle aspiration cytopathology and histopathology of the lung in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:327, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
16. Dhokarikar P, Caywood DD, Stobie D, et al: Effects of intramuscular or interpleural administration of morphine and interpleural administration of bupivacaine on pulmonary function in dogs that have undergone median sternotomy. Am J Vet Res 57:375–380, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
17. Dye TL, Teague HD, Poundstone ML: Lung lobe torsion in a cat with chronic feline asthma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:493–495, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
18. Fossum TW, Wellman M, Relford RL, Slater MR: Eosinophilic pleural or peritoneal effusions in dogs and cats: 14 cases (1986–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1873–1876, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
19. Gaynor JS: Anesthesia and analgesia. In Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins, pp 33–40.
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21. Gulielmos V, Brandt M, Dill HM, et al: Coronary artery bypass grafting via median sternotomy or lateral minithoracotomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 16(suppl 2):S48–S52, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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24. Hawkins EC, Basseches J, Berry CR, et al: Demographic, clinical, and radiographic features of bronchiectasis in dogs: 316 cases (1988–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1628–1635, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
25. Hess JL: Use of mechanical staples in veterinary thoracic surgery. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:569, 1979.
26. Hofeling AD, Jackson AH, Alsup JC, O’Keefe D: Spontaneous midlobar lung lobe torsion in a 2-year-old Newfoundland. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:220–223, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
27. Holtsinger RH, Beale BS, King RR: Spontaneous pneumothorax in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:195–210, 1993.
28. Hoover JP, Henry GA, Panciera RJ: Bronchial cartilage dysplasia with multifocal lobar bullous emphysema and lung torsions in a pup. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:599–602, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
29. Jerram RM, Fossum TW, Berridge BR, et al: The efficacy of mechanical abrasion and talc slurry as methods of pleurodesis in normal dogs. Vet Surg 28:322–332, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
30. Johnson EG, Wisner ER: Advances in respiratory imaging. Vet Clin Sm Anim 37:879, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
31. Johnson LR: Diseases of the small airways. In Ettinger S, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, St Louis, 2005, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 1233–1239.
32. Johnston GR, Feeney DA, O’Brien TD, et al: Recurring lung lobe torsion in three Afghan hounds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:842–845, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
33. Kerpsack SJ, McLoughlin MA, Graves TK, et al: Chylothorax associated with lung lobe torsion and a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:351–354, 1994.
34. Kramek BA, Caywood DD: Pneumothorax. Vet Clin North Am 17:285–300, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
35. Kramek BA, Caywood DD, O’Brien TD: Bullous emphysema and recurrent pneumothorax in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:971–974, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
36. Kudnig ST, Monnet E, Riquelme M, et al: Cardiopulmonary effect of thoracoscopy in anesthetized normal dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 31:121–128, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
37. Kudnig ST, Monnet E, Riquelme M, et al: Effect of one-lung ventilation on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs with an open thoracic cavity. Am J Vet Res 64:443–448, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
38. Kudnig ST, Monnet E, Riquelme M, et al: Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on oxygen delivery during 1-lung ventilation for thoracoscopy in normal dogs. Vet Surg 35:534–542, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
39. Lansdowne JL, Monnet E, Twedt DC, Dernell WS: Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs. Vet Surg 34:530–535, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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43. Liptak J, Monnet E, Dernell WS, Withrow J: Pulmonary metastasectomy in the management of four dogs with hypertrophic osteopathy. Vet Comp Oncol 2:1–12, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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48. Lucas CL: Effects of pneumonectomy on pulmonary input impedance. Surgery 94:807, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
49. Marolf A, Blaik M, Specht A: A retrospective study of the relationship between tracheal collapse and bronchiectasis in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:199, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
50. McNiel EA, Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, et al: Evaluation of prognostic factors for dogs with primary lung tumors: 67 cases (1985–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1422–1427, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
51. Mehlhaff CJ, Leifer CE, Patnaik AK, Schwarz PD: Surgical treatment of primary pulmonary neoplasia in 15 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:799–803, 1984.
52. Millard RP, Myers JR, Novo RE: Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 22:671–673, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
53. Miller HG, Sherrill A: Lung lobe torsion: a difficult condition to diagnose. Vet Med 82:797–798, 1987.
54. Moses BL: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of lung lobe torsion in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:44–47, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
55. Murphy KA, Brisson BA: Evaluation of lung lobe torsion in Pugs: 7 cases (1991–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:86–90, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
56. Murphy S, Mathews KG, Ellison GW, Bellah JR: Pulmonary lobectomy in the management of pneumonia in five cats. J Sm Anim Pract 38:159–162, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
57. Murphy ST, Ellison GW, McKiernan BC, et al: Pulmonary lobectomy in the management of pneumonia in dogs: 59 cases (1972–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:235–239, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
58. Nawrocki MA, Mackin AJ, McLaughlin R, et al: Fluoroscopic and endoscopic localization of an esophagobronchial fistula in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:257, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
59. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, King LG: Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases (1981–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1041–1044, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
60. Nelson OL, Sellon RK: Pulmonary parenchymal disease. In Ettinger S, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Elsevier, pp 1239–1266.
61. Nelson RW, editor: Small animal internal medicine, ed 3, St. Louis, 2003, Mosby, p 307.
62. Norris CR, Griffey SM, Walsh P: Use of keyhole lung biopsy for diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats: 13 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1453, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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65. Ohnishi T, Ogura JH: Partitioning of pulmonary resistance in the dog. Laryngoscope 79:1847–1878, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
66. Orton EC: Monitoring and supportive care. In Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins, pp 15–32.
67. Paolini MC, Adams WM, Dubielzig RR, et al: Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1718, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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69. Pelsue DH, Monnet E, Gaynor JS, et al: Closure of median sternotomy in dogs: suture versus wire. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:569–576, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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73. Rannels DE, Rannels SR: Compensatory growth of the lung following partial pneumonectomy. Exp Lung Res 14:157, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
74. Rawlings CA: Torsion of the left apical and cardiac pulmonary lobes in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 156:726, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
75. Ringwald RJ, Birchard SJ: Complications of median sternotomy in the dog and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:430–434, 1989.
76. Rooney MB, Lanz O, Monnet E: Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:128–130, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumcostal suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209–213, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
78. Rooney MB, Monnet E: Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in dogs: 26 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:86–92, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
79. Rustomjee T, Wagner A, Orton EC: Effect of 5 cm water positive end-respiratory pressure on arterial oxygen tension in dogs during and after thoracotomy. Vet Surg 23:307–310, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
80. Saperstein G: Congenital defects in domestic cats. Feline Pract 6:18, 1976.
81. Schultz RM, Peters J, Zwinberger A: Radiography, computed tomography, and virtual bronchoscopy in four dogs and two cats with lung lobe torsions. J Sm Anim Pract 50:360, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
82. Scott RN, Faraci RP, Hough A, Chretien PB: Bronchial stump closure techniques following pneumonectomy: a serial comparative study. Ann Surg 184:205–211, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
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84. Shahar R, Shamir M, Johnston DE: A technique for management of bite wounds of the thoracic wall in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:45–50, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
85. Siems JJ, Jakovljevic S, Van Alstine W: Radiographic diagnosis—lung lobe torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:418–420, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
86. Silberstein A, Mercier M, Jaafar M, Cadore JL: Lung lobe torsion: a rare complication of thoracic surgery in the dog. Point Veterinaire 23:433–438, 1991.
87. Spackman CJ, Caywood DD: Management of thoracic trauma and chest wall reconstruction. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 17:431–447, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
88. Spackman CJ, Caywood DD, Feeney DA, Johnston GR: Thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma in dogs sustaining fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents. J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:975–977, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
89. Spranklin DB, Gulikers KP, Lanz OI: Recurrence of spontaneous lung lobe torsion in a pug. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:446–451, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Stobie D, Caywood DD, Rozanski EA, et al: Evaluation of pulmonary function and analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy and use of morphine administered intramuscularly or intrapleurally and bupivacaine administered intrapleurally. Am J Vet Res 56:1098–1109, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
91. Teske E, Stokhof AA, van der Ingh TSGAM, et al: Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung in dogs with pulmonic disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:289–294, 1991.
92. Teunissen GH, Wolverkamp WT, Goedegebuure SA: Necrosis of a pulmonary lobe in a dog. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 101:1129–1133, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
93. Thompson SE, Johnson JM: Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy. A comparison of morphine, selective intercostal nerve block, and interpleural regional analgesia with bupivacaine. Vet Surg 20:73–77, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
94. Tronc F, Gregoire J, Leblanc P, Deslauriers J: Physiologic consequences of pneumonectomy. Consequences on the pulmonary function. Chest Surg Clin North Am 9:459–473, xii–xiii, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tucker A: Respiratory pathophysiology. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 781–797.
96. Waddell LS, Brady CA, Drobatz KJ: Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:819–824, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
97. Wall RE, Rush JE: Cardiac emergencies. In Murtaugh RJ, Kaplan PM, editors: Veterinary emergency and critical care medicine, St Louis, 1992, Mosby Yearbook, pp 213–251.
98. Watanabe Y, Ichihashi T, Iwa T: Median sternotomy as an approach for pulmonary surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 36:227–231, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
99. West JB: Control of ventilation. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 103–115.
100. West JB: Diffusion. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 21–28.
101. West JB: Gas transport by the blood. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 63–102.
102. West JB: Mechanics of breathing. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 79–102.
103. West JB: Ventilation-perfusion relationships. In West JB, editor: Respiratory physiology: the essentials, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp 45–62.
104. White RN, Corzo-Menendez N: Concurrent torsion of the right cranial and right middle lung lobes in a whippet. J Sm Anim Pract 41:562–565, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
105. Williams JH, Duncan NM: Chylothorax with concurrent right cardiac lung lobe torsion in an Afghan hound. J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 57:35–37, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
106. Withrow SJ: Lung cancer. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 361–370.
107. Yoon HY, Mann FA, Lee S, Branson KR: Comparison of the amounts of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with four thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 70:1161–1167, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
108. Zatloukal J, Rauser P, Necas A, et al: Bronchoesophageal fistula caused by a foreign body in the oesophagus of a dog. Kleinterpraxis 54:155, 2009.
SECTION IX: Thorax
Chapter 104: Thoracic Wall
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29. Munday JS, Boston SE, Owen MC, et al: Lameness in a dog caused by thoracic wall invasion by a pulmonary neoplasm. J Vet Med 53:288, 2006.
30. Newman BM, Jewett TC, Lewis A, et al. Prosthetic materials and muscle flaps in the repair of extensive diaphragmatic defects. J Pediatr Surg 20:362, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
31. Nuss D, Croituro DP, Kelly RE, et al: Review and discussion of the complications of minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair. Eur J Pediatr Surg 12:230, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
32. Olsen D, Renberg W, Perrett J, et al: Clinical management of flail chest in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 24 cases (1989–1999). J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 38:315, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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35. Pelsue DH, Monnet E, Gaynor JS, et al: Closure of median sternotomy in dogs: suture versus wire. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:569, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
36. Pirkey-Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, Straw RC, et al: Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:65, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
37. Prather AB, Berry CR, Thrall DE: Use of radiography in combination with computed tomography for the assessment of noncardiac thoracic disease in the dog and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
38. Purinton PT, Chambers JN, Moore JL: Identification and categorization of the vascular patterns to muscles of the thoracic limb, thorax and neck of dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:1435, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
39. Reiss AJ, McKiernan BC, Wingfield WE: Myocardial injury secondary to blunt thoracic trauma in dogs: incidence and pathophysiology. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:934, 2002.
40. Risselada M, de Rooster H, Liuti T, et al: Use of internal splinting to realign a noncompliant sternum in a cat with pectus excavatum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:1047, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
41. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumferential suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
42. Sahar R, Shamir M, Johnston DE: A technique for management of bite wounds of the thoracic wall in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:45, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
43. Schallberger SP, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al: Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs. Vet Surg 37:515, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
44. Scheepens ETF, Peeters ME, E’Plattenier HF, et al. Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results. J Sm Anim Pract 47:721, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Sigrist NE, Doherr MG, Spreng DE, et al: Clinical findings and diagnostic value of post-traumatic thoracic radiographs in dogs and cats with blunt trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 14:259, 2004.
46. Skoracki RJ, Chang DW: Reconstruction of the chest wall and thorax. J Surg Oncol 94:455, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
47. Smallwood JE, Beaver BV: Congenital chondrosternal depression (pectus excavatum) in the cat. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 18:141, 1977.
48. Soderstrom MJ, Gilson SD, Gulbas N: Fatal reexpansion pulmonary edema in a kitten following surgical correction of pectus excavatum. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:133, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
49. Vnuk D, Pirkic B, Maticic D: Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg 6:305, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
50. Watine S, Hamaide A, Peeters D, et al: Resolution of chylothorax after resection of rib chondroma in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract 44:546, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
51. Whelan MF, O’Toole TE, Carlson KR, et al: Budd-Chiari like syndrome in a dog with chondrosarcoma of the thoracic wall. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 17:175, 2007.
52. Widhe B, Bauer HC: Scandinavian Sarcoma Group. Surgical treatment is decisive for outcome in chondrosarcoma of the chest wall: a population-based Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 106 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:610, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 105: Thoracic Cavity
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26. Enwiller TM, Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, et al: Popliteal and mesenteric lymph node injection with methylene blue for coloration of the thoracic duct in dogs. Vet Surg 32:359, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
27. Esterline ML, Radlinsky MG, Biller DS, et al: Comparison of radiographic and computed tomography lymphangiography for identification of the canine thoracic duct. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:391, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
28. Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders.
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30. Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Mosby.
31. Fossum TW, Mertens MM, Miller MW, et al: Thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax. J Vet Intern Med 18:307, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gookin JL, Atkins CE: Evaluation of the effect of pleural effusion on central venous pressure in cats. J Vet Intern Med 13:561, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gould L: The medical management of idiopathic chylothorax in a domestic long-haired cat. Can Vet J 45:51, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
34. Gouldstone A, Brown RE, Butler JP, et al: Stiffness of the pleural surface of the chest wall is similar to that of the lung. J Appl Physiol 95:2345, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Greenberg MJ, Weiss CS: Spontaneous resolution of iatrogenic chylothorax in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1667, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
36. Henninger W: Use of computed tomography in the diseased feline thorax. J Sm Anim Pract 44:56, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
37. Hirschberger J, DeNicola DB, Hermanns W, et al: Sensitivity and specificity of cytologic evaluation in the diagnosis of neoplasia in body fluids from dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 28:142, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
38. Hodges CC, Fossum TW, Evering WL: Evaluation of thoracic duct healing after experimental laceration and transaction. Vet Surg 22:431, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
39. Hopko SH: The use of rutin in a cat with idiopathic chylothorax. Can Vet J 46:729, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
40. Hyashi K, Sicard G, Gellasch K, et al: Cisterna chyli ablation with thoracic duct ligation for chylothorax: results in eight dogs. Vet Surg 34:519, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
41. Jerram RM, Fossum TW, Berridge BR, et al: The efficacy of mechanical abrasion and talc slurry as methods of pleurodesis in normal dogs. Vet Surg 28:322, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
42. Johannes CM, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, et al: Hemangiosarcoma in cats: 53 cases (1992–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1851, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
43. Johnson EG, Wisner ER, Kyles A, et al: Computed tomographic lymphography of the thoracic duct by mesenteric lymph node injection. Vet Surg 38:361, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
44. Johnson MS, Martin MWS: Successful medical treatment of 15 dogs with pyothorax. J Sm Anim Pract 48:12, 2007.
45. Joly H, D’Anjou MA, Alexander K, et al: Comparison of single-sliced computed tomography protocols for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:279, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
46. Kirberger RM, Avner A: The effect of positioning on the appearance of selected cranial thoracic structures in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:61, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
47. Kopko SH: The use of rutin in a cat with idiopathic chylothorax. Can Vet J 46:729, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
48. Kovak JR, Ludwig LL, Bergman PJ, et al: Use of thoracoscopy to determine the etiology of pleural effusion in dogs and cats: 18 cases (1998–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:990, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
49. Kraje BJ, Kraje AC, Rohrbach BW, et al: Intrathoracic and concurrent orthopedic injury associated with traumatic rib fractures in cats: 75 cases (1980–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:51, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
50. LaFond E, Weirich WE, Salisbury SK: Omentalization of the thorax for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax with constrictive pleuritis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:74, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
51. Lainesse MF, Taylor SM, Myers SL, et al: Focal myasthenia gravis as a paraneoplastic syndrome of canine thymoma: improvement following thymectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:111, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
52. Lana S, Plaza S, Hampe K, et al: Diagnosis of mediastinal masses in dogs by flow cytometry. J Vet Intern Med 20:1161, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
53. Liptak JM, Kamstock DA, Dernell WS, et al: Cranial mediastinal carcinomas in nine dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 6:19, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
54. Little AA, Steffey M, Kraus MS: Marked pleural effusion causing right atrial collapse simulating cardiac tamponade in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:157, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
55. Lynn A, Dockins JM, Kuehn NF, et al: Caudal mediastinal thyroglossal duct cyst in a cat. J Sm Anim Pract 50:147, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
56. Maritato KC, Colón JA, Kergosien DH: Pneumothorax. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:232, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
57. Marques AIDC, Tattersall J, Shaw DJ, et al: Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time. J Sm Anim Pract 50:162, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
58. Mayhew PD, Friedberg JS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of noninvasive thymomas using one-lung ventilation in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:756–762, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
59. McCarthy TC: Diagnostic thoracoscopy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 14:213, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Monnet E: Interventional thoracoscopy in small animals. Vet Clin Sm Anim 39:965, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
64. Moores AL, Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, et al: Indications, outcomes and complications following lateral thoracotomy in dogs and cats. J Sm Anim Pract 48:695, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
65. Neath PJ, Brockman DJ, King LG: Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases (1981–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1041, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
66. Newitt AL, Cripps PJ, Shimali J: Sonographic estimation of pleural fluid volume in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:86, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
67. Orton EC, editor: Small animal thoracic surgery, ed 1, Baltimore, 1995, Williams & Wilkins.
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73. Puerto DA, Brockman DJ, Lindquist C, et al: Surgical and nonsurgical management of and selected risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 64 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1670, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
74. Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, Biller DS, et al: Thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs. Vet Surg 31:138, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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76. Rooney MB, Mehl M, Monnet E: Intercostal thoracotomy closure: transcostal sutures as a less painful alternative to circumcostal suture placement. Vet Surg 33:209–213, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rooney MB, Monnet E: Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in dogs: 26 cases (1991–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:86, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
78. Scheepens ETF, Peeters ME, L’Eplattenier HF, et al: Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results. J Sm Anim Pract 47:721, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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80. Schmiedt CW, Washabaugh KF, Rao DB, et al: Chylothorax associated with congenital peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 45:134, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
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84. Seo KW, Choi US, Jung YC, et al: Palliative intravenous cisplatin treatment for concurrent peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 69:201, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
85. Shaw SP, Rozanski EA, Rush JE: Thoracic body wall herniation in 36 dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:35, 2003.
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87. Silverstein DC: Pleural space disease. In King LG, editor: Textbook of respiratory disease in dogs and cats, ed 1, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders, p 49.
88. Smeak DD, Birchard SJ, McLoughlin MA, et al: Treatment of chronic pleural effusion with pleuroperitoneal shunts in dogs: 14 cases (1985–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1590, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
89. Smith AN, Wright JC, Brawner WR, et al: Radiation therapy in the treatment of canine and feline thymomas: a retrospective study (1985–1999). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:489, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
90. Smits B, Reid MM: Feline paraneoplastic syndrome associated with thymoma. N Z Vet J 51:244, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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94. Tanaka R, Shimizu M, Hirao H, et al: Surgical management of a double-chambered right ventricle and chylothorax in a Labrador retriever. J Sm Anim Pract 47:405, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tattersall JA, Welsh E: Factors influencing the short-term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs. J Sm Anim Pract 47:715, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
96. Thompson MD, Carr AP: Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia associated with chylous pleural and peritoneal effusion in a cat. Can Vet J 43:610, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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99. Van den Broek A: Pneumomediastinum in seventeen dogs: aetiology and radiographic signs. J Sm Anim Pract 27:747, 1986.
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101. Vnuk D, Pirkic B, Maticic D, et al: Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg 6:305, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
102. Waddell LS, Brady CA, Drobatz KJ: Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:819, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
103. Walker AL, Jang SS, Hirsh DC: Bacterial associated with pyothorax of dogs and cats: 98 cases (1989–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:359, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
104. White HL, Rozanski EA, Tidwell AS, et al: Spontaneous pneumothorax in two cats with small airway disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1573, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
105. Whitney WO, Mehlhaff CJ: High-rise syndrome in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1399, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
106. Williams JM, Niles JD: Use of omentum as a physiologic drain for treatment of chylothorax in a dog. Vet Surg 28:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
107. Yoon HY, Mann FA, Lee S, et al: Comparison of the amounts of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with four thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 70:1161, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
108. Yoon J, Feeney DA, Cronk DE, et al: Computed tomographic evaluation of canine and feline mediastinal masses in 14 patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:542, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
109. Zekas LJ, Crawford JT, O’Brien RT: Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspirate and tissue-core biopsy of intrathoracic lesions in thirty dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
110. Zitz JC, Birchard SJ, Couto GC, et al: Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1186, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
111. Zoia A, Slater LA, Heller J, et al: A new approach to pleural effusion in cats: markers for distinguishing transudates from exudates. J Feline Med Surg 11:847, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION X: Cardiovascular System
Chapter 106: Cardiac Surgery
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54. Koffas H, Fuentes VL, Boswood A, et al: Double-chambered right ventricle in 9 cats. J Vet Intern Med 21:76–80, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
55. Krahwinkel DJ, Sackman JE: Surgical correction of pulmonic stenosis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 662.
56. Laschinger JC, Cunningham JN, Cooper MM: Monitoring of somatosensory potentials during surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. I. Relationship of the aortic cross-clamp duration, changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, and incidence of neurological dysfunction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 94:260, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
57. Lew LJ, Fowler JD, Egger CM, et al: Deep hypothermic low flow cardiopulmonary bypass in small dogs. Vet Surg 26:281, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
58. Maisano F, Torracca L, Oppizzi M, et al: The edge-to-edge technique: a simplified method to correct mitral insufficiency. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg 13:240, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
59. Mama K: Personal communication, November 24, 2009.
60. Martin J, Orton EC, Boon J, et al: Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:770, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
61. Marx GR, Allen HD, Goldberg SJ, et al: Transatrial septal velocity measurement by Doppler echocardiography in atrial septal defect: correlation with Qp:Qs ratio. Am J Cardiol 55:1162, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
62. Miller CW, Holmberg DL, Bowen V, et al: Microsurgical management of tetralogy of Fallot in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:708, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
63. Monnet E, Orton EC, Gaynor J, et al: Partial atrioventricular septal defect: diagnosis and surgical repair in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:569, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
64. Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Mallinckrodt CH, et al: Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 10:379, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
65. 64a. Orton EC, Arai S, Griffiths LG, et al: Bioprosthesis valve replacement in dogs with congenital tricuspid valve dysplasia: technique and outcome. J Vet Cardiol 13:91, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
65. Orton EC, Bruecker KA, McCracken TO: An open patch-graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis in the dog. Vet Surg 19:148, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
66. Orton EC, Hackett TA, Mama K, et al: Technique and outcome of mitral valve replacement in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1508–1511, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
67. Orton EC, Mama K, Hellyer P, et al: Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1089, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
68. Oswald GP, Orton EC: Patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension in related Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:761, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
69. Pacifico AD: Atrio-ventricular septal defects. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, Saunders, p 373.
70. Patterson DF, Pyle RL, Van Mierop L, et al: Hereditary defects in the conotruncal septum on Keeshond dogs: pathologic and genetic studies. Am J Cardiol 34:187, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
71. Patterson DF: Congenital heart disease in the dog. Ann NY Acad Sci 127:541, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
72. Ringwald RJ, Bonagura JD: Tetralogy of Fallot in the dog: clinical findings in 13 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:33, 1988.
73. Ristic JME, Mrin CJ, Baines EA, et al: Congenital pulmonic stenosis: a retrospective study of 24 cases seen between 1990–1999. J Vet Cardiol 3:13, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
74. Shimizu M, Tanaka R, Hoshi K, et al: Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation in a dog. Aust Vet J 84:117–121, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
75. Shores A, Weirich WE: A modified pericardial patch graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:809, 1985.
76. Sreeram N, Saleem M, Jackson M, et al: Results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty as a palliative procedure in tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 18:159, 1990.
77. Stafford Johnson M, Edwards MD, French A, Henley W: Pulmonic stenosis in dogs; balloon dilation improves clinical outcome. J Vet Intern Med 18:656–662, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
78. Stanley BJ, Luis-Fuentes V, Darke PGG: Comparison of the incidence of residual shunting between two surgical techniques used for ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in the dog. Vet Surg 32:231, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
79. Stark J: Secundum atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. In Stark J, de Leval M, editors: Surgery for congenital heart defects, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1994, WB Saunders, p 343.
80. Staudte KL, Gibson NR, Read RA, Edwards GA: Evaluation of closed pericardial patch grafting for management of severe pulmonic stenosis. Aust Vet J 82:33, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
81. Swan H, Zeavin I, Bount SG, et al: Surgery by direct vision in the open heart during hypothermia. J Am Med Assoc 153:1081, 1953. PUBMED Abstract
82. Takashima K, Soda A, Tanaka R, et al: Long-term clinical evaluation of mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthetic valves in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 70:279, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
83. Takashima K, Soda A, Tanaka R, et al: Short-term performance of mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthetic valves in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 69:793, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
84. Tanaka R, Shimizu M, Hoshi K, et al: Efficacy of open patch-grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass for pulmonic stenosis in small dogs. Aust Vet J 87:88, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
85. Tilley LP, Bond B, Patnaik AK, et al: Cardiovascular tumors in the cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:1009, 1981.
86. Tobias AH, Thomas WP, Kittleson MD, et al: Cor triatriatum dexter in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:28, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
87. Triplett DA: Current recommendations for warfarin therapy. Cardiol Clin Ann Drug Therapy 2:141, 1998.
88. Van Israel N, Dukes-McEwan J, French AT: Long-term follow up of dogs with patent ductus arteriosus. J Sm Anim Pract 44:480, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Vicari E, Brown DC, Brockman DJ, et al: Heart-base tumors in dogs: a retrospective study of 25 cases. Vet Surg 29:478, 2000.
90. Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA: Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 335:407, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
91. Wander KW, Monnet E, Orton EC: Surgical correction of cor triatriatum sinister in a kitten. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:383, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
92. Ware WA, Hopper DL. Cardiac tumors in dogs: 1982–1995. J Vet Intern Med 13:95–103, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
93. Weisse WC, Soares N, Beal MW, et al: Survival times in dogs with right atrial hemangiosarcoma treated by means of surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 23 cases (1986–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:575, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
94. Willard MD, Eyster GE: Double-chambered right ventricle in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:486, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
95. Wykes PM, Rouse GP, Orton EC: Removal of five canine cardiac tumors using a stapling instrument. Vet Surg 15:103, 1986.
Chapter 107: Pericardial Surgery
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33. Fine DM, Olivier NB, Walshaw R, Schall WD: Surgical correction of late-onset Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:835–837, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
34. Fine DM, Tobias AH, Jacob KA: Use of pericardial fluid pH to distinguish between idiopathic and neoplastic effusions. J Vet Intern Med 17:525–529, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
35. Fossum TW, Miller MW, Rogers KS, et al: Chylothorax associated with right-sided heart failure in five cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:84–89, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
36. Fowler NO: Pulsus paradoxus. Heart Dis Stroke 3:68–69, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
37. Gaag IV, Luer JT: Eight cases of pericardial defects in the dog. Vet Pathol 14:14–18, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
38. Gonin-Jmaa D, Paulsen DB, Taboada J: Pericardial effusion in a dog with rhabdomyosarcoma in the right ventricular wall. J Sm Anim Pract 37:193–196, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gores BR, Berg J, Carpenter JL, Aronsohn MG: Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:1782–1785, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
40. Goto Y, LeWinter MM: Nonuniform regional deformation of the pericardium during the cardiac cycle in dogs. Circ Res 67:1107–1114, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gouliamos A, Andreou J, Steriotis J, et al: Detection of pericardial heart disease by computed tomography. Clin Radiol 35:397–400, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
42. Hancock EW: Cardiac tamponade. Heart Dis Stroke 3:155–158, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
43. Heinritz CK, Gilson SD, Soderstrom MJ, et al: Subtotal pericardectomy and epicardial excision for treatment of coccidioidomycosis-induced effusive-constrictive pericarditis in dogs: 17 cases (1999–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:435–440, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
44. Jackson J, Richter KP, Launer DP: Thoracoscopic partial pericardiectomy in 13 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 13:529–533, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
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47. Kirkland LL, Taylor RW: Pericardiocentesis. Crit Care Clin 8:699–712, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
48. Less RD, Bright JM, Orton EC: Intrapericardial cyst causing cardiac tamponade in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:115–119, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
49. Lombard CW: Pericardial disease. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 13:337–353, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
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56. Petrus DJ, Henik RA: Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade secondary to brodifacoum toxicosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:647–648, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
57. Price EK, Mullen PA: A case of haemopericardium in the dog. Vet Rec 78:480–485, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
58. Reddy PS, Curtiss EI: Cardiac tamponade. Cardiol Clin 8:627–637, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
59. Rodgers KG: Cardiovascular shock. Emerg Med Clin North Am 13:793–810, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Rush JE, Keene BW, Fox PR: Pericardial disease in the cat: a retrospective evaluation of 66 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:39–46, 1990.
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65. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Reed J, et al: Intrapericardial cysts in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 7:364–369, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
66. Sisson D, Thomas WP, Ruehl WW, Zinkl JG: Diagnostic value of pericardial fluid analysis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:51–55, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
67. Soulen RL: Magnetic resonance imaging of great vessel, myocardial, and pericardial disease. Circulation 84:311–321, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
68. Spodick DH: Acute cardiac tamponade. N Engl J Med 349:684–690, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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70. Thomas WP, Reed JR, Bauer TG, et al: Constrictive pericardial disease in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:546–553, 526 ref, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 108: Vascular Surgery
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46. Weisse CW, Berent AC, Todd KL, et al: Potential applications of interventional radiology in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 233:1564, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
47. Weisse CW, Nicholson ME, Rollings C, et al: Use of percutaneous arterial embolization for treatment of intractable epistaxis in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1307, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
48. Weisse CW, Schwartz K, Stronger R, et al: Transjugular coil embolization of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1287, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
49. White GH, May J: Autogenous vein for fistulas and interpositional grafts. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 90.
50. Wilson SE: Autologous arteriovenous fistulas: direct anastomoses for hemodialysis access. In Wilson SE, editor: Vascular access principles and practice, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2002, Mosby, p 82.
SECTION XI: Urogenital System
Chapter 109: Ovaries and Uterus
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35. Bowen RA, Olson PN, Behrendt MD, et al: Efficacy and toxicity of estrogens commonly used to terminate canine pregnancy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:783, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
36. Boyd JS, Renton JP, Harvey MJ, et al. Problems associated with ultrasonography of the canine ovary around the time of ovulation. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 47:101, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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40. Bruinsma DL: Feline uterine prolapse (a case report). Vet Med Small Anim Clin 76:60, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
41. Burrow R, Batchelor D, Cripps P: Complications observed during and after ovariohysterectomy of 142 bitches at a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Rec 157:829, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
42. Burwell CS, Strayhorn WD, Flickinger D, et al: Circulation during pregnancy. Arch Intern Med 62:979, 1938.
43. Bysted BV, Dieleman SJ, Hyttel P, et al: Embryonic developmental stages in relation to the LH peak in dogs. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 57:181, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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46. Chaffaux S, Thibier M: Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone in the bitch with pyometra. Ann Rech Vet 9:587, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
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64. Culp WTN, Mayhew PD, Brown DC: The effect of laparoscopic versus open ovariectomy on postsurgical activity in small dogs. Proc 5th Vet Endosc Soc Annu Meet, 2008.
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66. Darvelid AW, Linde-Forsberg C: Dystocia in the bitch: a retrospective study of 182 cases. J Small Anim Pract 35:402–407, 1994.
67. Davidson AP: Uterine and fetal monitoring in the bitch. Vet Clin North Am 31:305, 2001.
68. Davidson AP, Feldman EC: Ovarian and estrous cycle abnormalities. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, St Louis, 2005, Saunders/Elsevier, p 1649.
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334. Wilson GP, Hayes HM: Ovariohysterectomy in the dog and cat. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1983, Lea & Febiger, p 334.
335. Wilson RB, Cave JS, Copeland JS, et al: Ovarian teratoma in two dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:249–253, 1985.
336. Wykes PM, Olson PL: Normal and abnormal parturition. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1983, WB Saunders, p 1316.
337. Yates D, McCoubrey GP: Abdominal distension in a cat. Vet Rec 141:27, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
338. Young JD, Hillis GP, McKibbin ML: Uterine torsion in a cat. Can Vet J 32:479, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
339. Zone MA, Wanke MM: Diagnosis of canine fetal health by ultrasonography. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 57:215, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 110: Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva
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2. Allen SW, Crowell WA: Ventral approach to the pelvic canal in the female dog. Vet Surg 20:118–121, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
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8. Crawford JT, Adams WM: Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:995–999, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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10. Dorn AS: Biopsy in cases of canine vulvar-fold dermatitis and perivulvar pigmentation. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 73:1147–1150, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
11. Freeman CB, Adin CA, Lewis DD, et al: Intrapelvic granuloma formation six years after total hip arthroplasty in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1433, 1446–1449, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
12. Hammel SP, Bjorling DE: Results of vulvoplasty for treatment of recessed vulva in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:79–83, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
13. Hill TP, Lobetti RG, Schulman ML: Vulvovaginectomy and neo-urethrostomy for treatment of haemangiosarcoma of the vulva and vagina. J S Afr Vet Assoc 71:256–259, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
14. Holt PE, Sayle B: Congenital vestibulovaginal stenosis in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 22:67–75, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
15. Howard PE, Bjorling DE: The intersexual animal: associated problems. Probl Vet Med 1:74–84, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
16. Jeffcoate IA, Lindsay FE: Ovulation detection and timing of insemination based on hormone concentrations, vaginal cytology and the endoscopic appearance of the vagina in domestic bitches. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 39:277–287, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
17. Kim HJ, Kim JK, Choi JH, et al: A Gartner duct cyst of the vagina causing dysuria and dyschezia in a Yorkshire terrier. J Vet Sci 8:427–429, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
18. Klein A, Scotti S, Hidalgo A, et al: Rectovaginal fistula following colectomy with an end-to-end anastomosis stapler for a colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Small Anim Pract 47:751–753, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
19. Kyles AE, Vaden S, Hardie EM, et al: Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1889–1893, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
20. Lightner BA, McLoughlin MA, Chew DJ, et al: Episioplasty for the treatment of perivulvar dermatitis or recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs with excessive perivulvar skin folds: 31 cases (1983–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1577–1581, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
21. Lulich JP: Endoscopic vaginoscopy in the dog. Theriogenology 66:588–591, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
22. Mahler S, Williams G: Preservation of the fistula for reconstruction of the anal canal and the anus in atresia ani and rectovestibular fistula in 2 dogs. Vet Surg 34:148–152, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
23. Mathews KG: Surgery of the canine vagina and vulva. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 31:271–290, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
24. McNamara PS, Harvey HJ, Dykes N: Chronic vaginocervical prolapse with visceral incarceration in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:533–536, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
25. Memon MA, Pavletic MM, Kumar MS: Chronic vaginal prolapse during pregnancy in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:295–297, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
26. Miller JM, Lambrechts NE, Martin RA, et al: Persistent vulvar hemorrhage secondary to vaginal hemangioma in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:86–89, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
27. Mostachio GQ, Vicente WR, Cardilli DJ, et al: Anovulvar cleft and vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia in a bitch. J Small Anim Pract 48:713–715, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
28. Noguchi K, Tsukumi K, Urano T: Qualitative and quantitative differences in normal vaginal flora of conventionally reared mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. Comp Med 53:404–412, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Patnaik AK: Canine extraskeletal osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Vet Pathol 27:46–55, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
30. Purswell B: Use of vaginal cytology and vaginal cultures for breeding management and diagnosis of reproductive tract disease. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC, editors: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy, vol XIV, Philadelphia, 2009, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 980–982.
31. Rahal SC, Vicente CS, Mortari AC, et al: Rectovaginal fistula with anal atresia in 5 dogs. Can Vet J 48:827–830, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Rawlings CA, Capps WF Jr: Rectovaginal fistula and imperforate anus in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:320–326, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
33. Root Kustritz MV: Collection of tissue and culture samples from the canine reproductive tract. Theriogenology 66:567–574, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
34. Root MV, Johnston SD, Johnston GR: Vaginal septa in dogs: 15 cases (1983–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:56–58, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
35. Salomon JF, Deneuche A, Viguier E: Vaginectomy and urethroplasty as a treatment for non-pedunculated vaginal tumours in four bitches. J Small Anim Pract 45:157–161, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
36. Soderberg SF: Vaginal disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 16:543–559, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
37. Stolzenburg JU, Dorschner W, Postenjak M, et al: Sphincteric musculature of female canine urethra in comparison to woman including 3D reconstruction. Cells Tissues Organs 170:151–161, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
38. Suzuki K, Nakatani K, Shibuya H, et al: Vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 43:186–188, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
39. Thacher C, Bradley RL: Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Vet Med Assoc 183:690–692, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
40. Tsumagari S, Takagi K, Takeishi M, et al: A case of a bitch with imperforate hymen and hydrocolpos. J Vet Med Sci 63:475–477, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Viehoff FW, Sjollema BE: Hydrocolpos in dogs: surgical treatment in two cases. J Small Anim Pract 44:404–407, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
42. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology 66:726–735, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
43. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal, and urethral relations in spayed dogs with and without lower urinary tract signs. J Vet Intern Med 20:1065–1073, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
44. Whitacre MD, Tate LP, Estill CT, et al: Transendoscopic Nd:YAG laser ablation of vaginal septa in a bitch. Vet Surg 20:257–259, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 111: Testes and Scrotum
[pic]
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21. England GW, Allen WE, Porter DJ: Evaluation of the testosterone response to hCG and the identification of a presumed anorchid dog. J Small Anim Pract 30:441–443, 1989.
22. Eskew NE, Kuhn EF: Case report: abdominal pain due to torsion of a retained testicle. Vet Med 56:212–213, 1961.
23. Esplin DG, Wilson SR: Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic to the testes and associated structures in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:287–290, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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29. Gobello C, Corrada Y: Acquired infertility in male dog with normal libido. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet Jan:18–28, 2004.
30. Grootenhuis AJ, Sluijs FS, Steenbergen KJ, et al: Inhibin, gonadotrophins and sex steroids in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours. J Endocrinology 127:235–242, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
31. Hart BL, Barrett RE: Effects of castration on fighting, roaming, and urine spraying in adult male cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:290–292, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
32. Harvey CE: Scrotal ablation and castration in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 9:170–171, 1973.
33. Hayes HM, Pendergrass TW: Canine testicular tumors: epidemiologic feature of 410 dogs. Int J Cancer 18:482–487, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
34. Hayes HM, Wilson GP, Pendergrass TW, et al: Canine cryptorchidism and subsequent testicular neoplasia: case-control study with epidemiologic update. Teratology 32:51–56, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
35. Hecht S, King R, Tidwell AS, et al: Ultrasound diagnosis: intra-abdominal torsion of a non-neoplastic testicle in a cryptorchid dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:58–61, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
36. Herron MA: A potential consequence of prepubertal feline castration. Feline Pract 1:17–19, 1971.
37. Hopkins M, Evans LE: Artificial insemination. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 341.
38. Howe LM: Short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:57–62, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
39. Howe LM: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology 66:500–509, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
40. Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, et al: Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1661–1665, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
41. Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, et al: Long–term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:217–221, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
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43. Immegart HM, Threlfall WR: Evaluation of intratesticular injection of glycerol for nonsurgical sterilization of dogs. Am J Vet Res 61:544–549, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
44. Johnston DE, Archibald J: Male genital system. In Archibald J, Catcott EJ, Pennock PW, Norris AM, editors: Canine and feline surgery, Santa Barbara, CA, 1984, American Veterinary Publications, p 293.
45. Johnston GR, Feeney DA, Johnston SD, et al: Ultrasonographic features of testicular neoplasia in dogs: 16 cases (1980–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1779–1784, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
46. Larson RE: Evaluation of fertility problems in the male dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:735–745, 1977.
47. Larson RE: Testicular biopsy in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:747–755, 1977.
48. Levy JK, Crawford PC, Appel LD, et al: Comparison of intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate versus surgical castration to sterilize male dogs. Am J Vet Res 69:140–143, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
49. Lew M, Jalynski M, Kasprowicz A, et al: Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in dogs: report of 15 cases. Pol J Vet Sci 8:251–254, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
50. Lipowitz AJ, Schwartz A, Wilson GP, et al: Testicular neoplasms and concomitant clinical changes in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:1364–1368, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
51. Kadota K, Uchida K, Nagatomo T, et al: Granulomatous epididymitis related to Rhodotorula glutinis infection in a dog. Vet Pathol 32:716–718, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
52. Kayler S: Spaying/neutering comes of age. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:591–593, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Yamada Y, et al: Cryptorchidism in the dog: occurrence of cryptorchidism and semen quality in the cryptorchid dog. Jpn J Vet Sci 46:303–308, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
54. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Yamada Y, et al: Testicular function of scrotal testes after the cryptorchidectomy in dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. Jpn J Vet Sci 50:1239–1244, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kawakami E, Yamada Y, Tsutsui T, et al: Changes in plasma androgen levels and testicular histology with descent of the testis in the dog. J Vet Med Sci 55:931–935, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
56. Macintire DK: The acute abdomen-differential diagnosis and management. Semin Vet Med Surg 3:302–310, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
57. Majeed ZZ: Segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct: a case report in a Poodle. J Small Anim Pract 15:263–268, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
58. Mattoon JS: Prostate and testes. In Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, editors: Small animal diagnostic ultrasound, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2002, Saunders, p 259.
59. McNeil PE, Weaver AD: Massive scrotal swelling in two unusual cases of canine Sertoli-cell tumour. Vet Rec 106:144–146, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
60. Metzger FL, Hattel AL, White DG: Hematuria, hyperestrogenemia, and hyperprogesteronemia due to a Sertoli-cell tumor in a bilaterally cryptorchid dog. Canine Pract 18:32–35, 1993.
61. Miller NA, Van Lue SJ, Rawlings CA: Use of laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:875–878, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
62. Millis DL, Hauptman JG, Johnson CA: Cryptorchidism and monorchism in cats: 25 cases (1980–1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:1128–1930, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
63. Morgan RV: Blood dyscrasias associated with testicular tumors in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 18:970–975, 1982.
64. Moulton JE: Tumors of the genital system. In Moulton JE, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, Berkeley, 1978, University of California Press, p 309.
65. Naylor RW, Thompson SR: Intra-abdominal testicular torsion—a report of two cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:763–766, 1979.
66. Neilson SW, Kennedy PC: Tumors of the genital system. In Moulton JE, editor: Tumors in domestic animals, ed 3, Berkeley, 1990, University of California Press, p 479.
67. Ober CP, Spaulding K, Breitschwerdt EB, et al: Orchitis in two dogs with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:458–465, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
68. Olar TT, Amann RP, Pickett BW: Relationships among testicular size, daily production and output of spermatozoa, and extragonadal spermatozoal reserves of the dog. Bio Reprod 29:1114–1120, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
69. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Johnson GF: Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma. Vet Pathol 15:600–607, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
70. Pearson H, Kelly DF: Testicular torsion in the dog: a review of 13 cases. Vet Rec 97:200–204, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
71. Pendergrass TW, Hayes HM: Cryptorchidism and related defects in dogs: epidemiologic comparison with man. Teratology 12:51–55, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
72. Pettit GD: There’s more than one way to castrate a cat. Mod Vet Pract 62:713–716, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
73. Pineda MH: Reproductive patterns of cats. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 505.
74. Pineda MH: Reproductive patterns of dogs. In Pineda MH, Dooley MP, editors: McDonald’s veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 5, Ames, IA, 2003, Iowa State Press, p 445.
75. Pineda MH, Dooley MP: Surgical and chemical vasectomy in the cat. Am J Vet Res 45:291–300, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
76. Pineda MH, Reimers TJ, Faulkner LC: Disappearance of spermatozoa from the ejaculates of vasectomized dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:502–503, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
77. Priester WA, Glass AG, Waggoner NS: Congenital defects in domesticated animals: general considerations. Am J Vet Res 31:1871–1879, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
78. Reece WO: Male reproduction. In Troy DB, editor: Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p 379.
79. Reif JS, Brodey RS: The relationship between cryptorchidism and canine testicular neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 155: 2005–2010, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
80. Reif JS, Maguire TG, Kenney RM, et al: A cohort study of canine testicular neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:719–723, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
81. Rhoades JD, Foley CW: Cryptorchidism and intersexuality. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 7:789–794, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
82. Richardson EF, Mullen H: Cryptorchidism in cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:1342–1345, 1993.
83. Robinson R: Genetic defects in cats. Compan Anim Pract August:10–14, 1987.
84. Romagnoli SE: Canine cryptorchidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 21:533–544, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Root MV, Johnston SD, Olson PN: The effect of prepuberal and postpubertal gonadectomy on radial physeal closure in male and female domestic cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:42–47, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
86. Root Kustritz MV: Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1665–1675, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
87. Root Kustritz MV: Early spay-neuter: clinical considerations. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 17:124–128, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
88. Ruble RP, Hird DW: Congenital abnormalities in immature dogs from a pet store: 253 cases (1987–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:633–636, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
89. Schiff JD, Li PS, Schlegel PN, et al: Rapid disappearance of spermatozoa after vassal occlusion in the dog. J Andrology 24:361–363, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
90. Schulz KS, Waldron DR, Smith MM, et al: Inadvertent prostatectomy as a complication of cryptorchidectomy in four dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:211–214, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
91. Schneider R, Dorn CR, Taylor DN: Factors influencing canine mammary cancer development and postsurgical survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 43:1249–1261, 1969. PUBMED Abstract
92. Scott DW, Reimers TJ: Tail gland and perianal gland hyperplasia associated with testicular neoplasia and hypertestosteronemia in a dog. Canine Pract 13:15–17, 1986.
93. Sherding RG, Wilson GP, Kociba GJ: Bone marrow hypoplasia in eight dogs with Sertoli cell tumor. J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:496–501, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
94. Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA: Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:372–379, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
95. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scrugg SL, et al: Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on physical and behavioral development in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1864–1871, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
96. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, et al: Prepubertal gonadectomy in the domestic feline: effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral development. Vet Surg 22:401, 1993.
97. Suess RP, Barr SC, Sacre BJ, et al: Bone marrow hypoplasia in a feminized dog with an interstitial cell tumor. J Vet Med Assoc 200:1346–1348, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
98. Swalec KM, Smeak DD: Priapism after castration in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:963–964, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
99. Taha MB, Noakes DE, Allen WE: Hemicastration and castration in the Beagle dog; the effects on libido, peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations, seminal characteristics and testicular function. J Small Anim Pract 23:279–285, 1982.
100. Tartaglia L, Waugh A: Survival, development and defense. In Tartaglia L, Waugh A, editors: Veterinary physiology and applied anatomy: a textbook for veterinary nurses and technicians, ed 2, Edinburgh, 2005, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, p 149.
101. Theran P: Early-age neutering of dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:914–917, 1993.
102. Tremblay Y, Belanger A, Lacoste D, et al: Selective inhibition of spermatogenesis in the presence of normal libido following combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and testosterone in the dog. Contraception 30:583–599, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
103. Wensing CG: Morphology of normal and abnormal testicular descent and the regulation of this process. In Leung PK, Armstrong DT, Ruf KB, et al, editors: Endocrinology and physiology of reproduction, New York, 1987, Plenum Press, p 261.
104. Wilson GP, Hayes HM: Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1301–1303, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
105. Withrow SJ, Reeves NP: Tumors of the male reproductive tract. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1996, Saunders, p 373.
106. Yates D, Hayes G, Heffernan M, et al: Incidence of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 152:502–504, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 112: Penis and Prepuce
[pic]
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10. Colleen S, Holmquist B, Olin T: An angiographic study of erection in the dog. Urol Res 9:297, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
11. Cornegliani L, Vercelli A, Abramo F: Idiopathic mucosal penile squamous papillomas in dogs. Vet Dermatol 20:439, 2009.
12. Croshaw JE Jr, Brodey RS: Failure of preputial closure in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 136:450, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
13. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The urogenital system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 494.
14. Hall MA, Swenberg LN: Genital emergencies. In Kirk RW, editor: Current veterinary therapy VI: small animal practice, Philadelphia, 1977, Saunders, p 1216.
15. Hayes AG, Paveletic MM, Schwartz A, et al: A preputial splitting technique for surgery of the canine penis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:291, 1994.
16. Hobson HP: Surgical pathophysiology of the penis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, p 552.
17. Hobson HP: Surgical procedures of the penis. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, p 527.
18. Hutchison JA: Persistence of the penile frenulum in dogs. Can Vet J 14:71, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
19. Johnston DE, Archibald J: Male genital system. In Archibald J, editor: Canine and feline surgery, Santa Barbara, CA, 1984, American Veterinary Publications, p 293.
20. Johnston SD: Disorders of the external genitalia of the male. In Ettinger SJ, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1989, Saunders, p 1881.
21. Krotscheck U, Boothe HW: Surgically treating traumatic phimosis in a kitten. Vet Med 99:515, 2004.
22. Ladds PW: The male genital system. In Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, editors: Pathology of domestic animals, ed 4, New York, 1993, Academic Press, p 471.
23. Leighton R: A simple surgical correction for chronic penile protrusion. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:667, 1976.
24. Ndiritu CG: Lesions of the canine penis and prepuce. Mod Vet Pract 60:712, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
25. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, et al: The viscera of domestic mammals, ed 2, New York, 1973, Springer-Verlag, p 304.
26. O’Keefe DA: Tumors of the genital system and mammary glands. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1995, Saunders, p 1699.
27. Papazoglou LG: Idiopathic chronic penile protrusion in the dog: a report of six cases. J Sm Anim Pract 42:510, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
28. Papazoglou LG, Kazakos GM: Surgical conditions of the canine penis and prepuce. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:204, 2002.
29. Pavletic MM, O’Bell SA: Subtotal penile amputation and preputial urethrostomy in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:375, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
30. Pineda MH: Male reproduction. In McDonald LE, Pineda MH, editors: Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, ed 4, Philadelphia, 1989, Lea & Febiger, p 261.
31. Pope ER, Swaim SF: Surgical reconstruction of a hypoplastic prepuce. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:73, 1986.
32. Proescholdt TA, DeYoung DW, Evans LE: Preputial reconstruction for phimosis and infantile penis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:725, 1977.
33. Smith MM, Gourley IM: Preputial reconstruction in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1493, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
34. Somerville ME, Anderson SM: Phallopexy for treatment of paraphimosis in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:397, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
35. Spurgeon TL, Kitchell RL, Lohse DL: Physiologic properties of contraction of the canine cremaster and cranial preputial muscles. Am J Vet Res 39:1884, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
36. Stead AC: Fracture of the os penis in the dog—two case reports. J Sm Anim Pract 13:19, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 113: Prostate
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18. Chapdelaine P, Dubé JY, Frenette G, et al: Identification of arginine esterase as the major androgen-dependent protein secreted by dog prostate and preliminary molecular characterization in seminal plasma. J Androl 5(3):206, 1084.
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20. Cornell KK, Bostwick DG, Cooley DM, et al: Clinical and pathologic aspects of spontaneous canine prostate carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 76 cases. Prostate 45(2):173, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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22. Cowan LA, Barsanti JA, Crowell W, et al: Effects of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199(3):346, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
23. Ding VD, Moller DE, Feeney WP, et al: Sex hormone-binding globulin mediates prostate androgen receptor action via a novel signaling pathway. Endocrinology 139(1):213, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
24. Dorso L, Chanut F, Howroyd P, et al: Variability in weight and histological appearance of the prostate of beagle dogs used in toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol 36(7):917, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
25. Dubé JY, Frenette G, Chapdelaine P, et al: Biochemical characteristics of the proteins secreted by dog prostate, a review. Exp Biol 43(3):149, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dubé JY, Lazure C, Tremblay RR: Dog prostate arginine esterase is related to human prostate specific antigen. Clin Invest Med 9(1):51, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
27. England GC, Allen WE, Middleton DJ: An investigation into the origin of the first fraction of the canine ejaculate. Res Vet Sci 49(1):66, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
28. Evans HE, Christensen GC: The urogenital system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 514.
29. Ewing LL, Thompson DL Jr, Cochran RC, et al: Testicular androgen and estrogen secretion and benign prostatic hyperplasia in the beagle. Endocrinology 114(4):1308, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
30. Fair WR, Cordonnier JJ: The pH of prostatic fluid: a reappraisal and therapeutic implications. J Urol 120(6):695, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
31. Fan TM, de Lorimer LP: Tumours of the male reproductive system. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM, editors: Withrow and McEwan’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders Elsevier, p 637.
32. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP, O’Dell-Anderson K, et al: Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 21(3):431, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
33. Feeney DA, Johnston GR, Klausner JS, et al: Canine prostatic disease—comparison of radiographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190(8):1018, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
34. Feeney DA, Johnston GR, Klausner JS, et al: Canine prostatic disease–comparison of ultrasonographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190(8):1027, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
35. Frenette G, Dubé JY, Tremblay RR: Origin of alkaline phosphatase of canine seminal plasma. Arch Androl 16(3):235, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
36. Frenette G, Dubé JY, Lacoste D, et al: Radioimmunoassay in blood plasma of arginine esterase: the major secretory product of dog prostate. Prostate 10(2):145, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
37. Gallardo-Arrieta F, Mogas T, Magán L, et al: Ultrastructural changes in prostate cells during hormone-induced canine prostatic hyperplasia. Ultrastruct Pathol 30(6):435, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
38. Gallardo F, Mogas T, Baró T, et al: Expression of androgen, oestrogen alpha and beta, and progesterone receptors in the canine prostate: differences between normal, inflamed, hyperplastic and neoplastic glands. J Comp Pathol 136(1):1, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gauthier ER, Chapdelaine P, Tremblay RR, et al: Transcriptional regulation of dog prostate arginine esterase gene by androgens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 94(2):155, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
40. Glennon JC, Flanders JA: Decreased incidence of postoperative urinary incontinence with a modified Penrose drain technique for treatment of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Cornell Vet 83(3):189, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gordon N: Surgical anatomy of the bladder, prostate gland and urethra in the male dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 136:215, 1960. PUBMED Abstract
42. Gordon N: The position of the canine prostate gland. Am J Vet Res 22:142, 1961.
43. Gourley IMG, Osborne CA: Marsupialization—a treatment for prostatic abscess in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2:100, 1966.
44. Grieco V, Riccardi E, Rondena M, et al: The distribution of oestrogen receptors in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostate, as demonstrated immunohistochemically. J Comp Pathol 135(1):11, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
45. Hardie EM, Stone EA, Spaulding KA, et al: Subtotal canine prostatectomy with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Vet Surg 19(5):348, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
46. Hayden DW, Bartges JW, Bell FW, et al: Prostatic hemangiosarcoma in a dog: clinical and pathologic findings. J Vet Diagn Invest 4(2):209, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
47. Hayden DW, Klausner JS, Waters DJ: Prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 11(3):283, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hecht S: Male reproductive tract. In Penninck D, d’Anjou MA, editors: Atlas of small animal ultrasonography, Oxford, UK, 2008, Blackwell Publishing, p 417.
49. Hodson N: On the intrinsic blood supply to the prostate and pelvic urethra in the dog. Res Vet Sci 9(3):274, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
50. Hoffer RE, Dykes NL, Greiner TP: Marsupialization as a treatment for prostatic disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:98, 1977.
51. Isaacs JT, Coffey DS: Changes in dihydrotestosterone metabolism associated with the development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia. Endocrinology 108(2):445, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
52. Juniewicz PE, Barbolt TA, Egy MA, et al: Effects of androgen and antiandrogen treatment on canine prostatic arginine esterase. Prostate 17(2):101, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
53. Kawakami E, Tsutsui T, Ogasa A: Histological observations of the reproductive organs of the male dog from birth to sexual maturity. J Vet Med Sci 53(2):241, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
54. Kincaide LF, Sanghvi NT, Cummings O, et al: Noninvasive ultrasonic subtotal ablation of the prostate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 57(8):1225, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
55. Klausner JS, Johnston SD, Bell FW: Canine prostatic disorders. In Bonagura J, editor: Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XII, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1995, p 1103.
56. Krawiec DR, Heflin DJ: Study of prostatic disease in dogs: 177 cases (1981–1986). Am Vet Med Assoc 200(8):1119, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
57. Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, et al: Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostate cancer. Prostate 68(5):477, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
58. Lai CL, van den Ham R, van Leenders G, et al: Comparative characterization of the canine normal prostate in intact and castrated animals. Prostate 68(5):498, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
59. Lee-Parritz DE, Lamb CR: Prostatic adenocarcinoma with osseous metastases in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192(11):1569, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
60. L’Eplattenier HF, Klem B, Teske E, et al: Preliminary results of intraoperative photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in dogs with prostate carcinoma. Vet J 178(2):202, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
61. L’Eplattenier HF, Lai CL, van den Ham R, et al: Regulation of COX-2 expression in canine prostate carcinoma: increased COX-2 expression is not related to inflammation. J Vet Intern Med 21(4):776, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
62. L’Eplattenier HF, van Nimwegen SA, van Sluijs FJ, et al: Partial prostatectomy using Nd:YAG laser for management of canine prostate carcinoma. Vet Surg 35(4):406, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
63. LeRoy BE, Sellers RS, Rosol TJ: Canine prostate stimulates osteoblast function using the endothelin receptors. Prostate 59(2):148, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
64. Liptak JM, Brutscher SP, Monnet E, et al: Transurethral resection in the management of urethral and prostatic neoplasia in 6 dogs. Vet Surg 33(5):505, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
65. Lucroy MD, Bowles MH, Higbee RG, et al: Photodynamic therapy for prostatic carcinoma in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 17(2):235, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
66. Mainwairing CJ: Primary lymphoma of the prostate in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 31:12, 1990.
67. Moore KL, Persaud TVN: Before we are born: essentials of embryology and birth defects, ed 7, Philadelphia, 2008, Saunders Elsevier.
68. Moore RB, Xiao Z, Owen RJ, et al: Photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate: intra-arterial drug delivery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 31(1):164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
69. Mullen HS, Matthiesen NDT, Scavelli TD: Results of surgery and postoperative complications in 92 dogs treated for prostatic abscessation by a multiple Penrose drain technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:369, 1990.
70. Nyland TG, Wallack ST, Wisner ER: Needle-tract implantation following US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, and prostate. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(1):50, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
71. Obradovich J, Walshaw R, Goullaud E: The influence of castration on the development of prostatic carcinoma in the dog. 43 cases (1978–1985). J Vet Intern Med 1(4):183, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
72. O’Shea JD: Studies on the canine prostate gland. I: factors influencing its weight and size. J Comp Pathol 72:321, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
73. Pennefather JN, Lau WA, Mitchelson F, et al: The autonomic and sensory innervation of the smooth muscle of the prostate gland: a review of pharmacological and histological studies. J Auton Pharmacol 20(4):193, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
74. Powe JR, Canfield PJ, Martin PA: Evaluation of the cytologic diagnosis of canine prostatic disorders. Vet Clin Pathol 33(3):150, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
75. Price D: Comparative aspects of development and structure of the prostate. In Biology of the prostate and related tissues, National Cancer Institute Monograph 12:1, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
76. Rawlings CA, Crowell WA, Barsanti JA, et al: Intracapsular subtotal prostatectomy in normal dogs: use of an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. Vet Surg 23(3):182, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
77. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Barsanti JA, et al: Use of partial prostatectomy for treatment of prostatic abscesses and cysts in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(7):868, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
78. Read RA, Stanley B: Urethral bleeding as a presenting sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the dog: a retrospective study (1979–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31(3):261, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
79. Renfrew H, Barrett EL, Bradley KJ, et al: Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of canine paraprostatic cysts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(5):444, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
80. Rohleder JJ, Jones JC: Emphysematous prostatitis and carcinoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38(5):478, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
81. Ross WE, Pardo AD: Evaluation of an omental pedicle extension technique in the dog. Vet Surg 22(1):37, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
82. Ruel Y, Barthez PY, Mailles A, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the prostate in healthy intact dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39(3):212, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
83. Shapiro E, Lepor H: Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in canine lower genitourinary tissues: insight into development and function. J Urol 138(4):979, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
84. Shull RM, Hayden DW, Johnston GR: Urogenital blastomycosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 171(8):730, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
85. Sirinarumitr K, Johnston SD, Kustritz MV, et al: Effects of finasteride on size of the prostate gland and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(8):1275, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
86. Smith ER: The canine prostate and its secretion. Adv Sex Horm Res 1:168, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
87. Smith ER, Miller TB, Pebler RF: Transepithelial voltage changes during prostatic secretion in the dog. Am J Physiol 245(4):470, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
88. Sorenmo KU, Goldschmidt M, Shofer F, et al: Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time. Vet Comp Oncol 1(1):48, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
89. Sorenmo KU, Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, et al: Evaluation of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in canine prostatic carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2(1):13, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
90. Stefanov M: Extraglandular and intraglandular vascularization of canine prostate. Microsc Res Tech 63(4):188, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
91. Stowater JL, Lamb CR: Ultrasonic features of paraprostatic cysts in nine dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 30:232, 2006.
92. Teske E, Naan EC, van Dijk EM, et al: Canine prostate carcinoma: epidemiological evidence of an increased risk in castrated dogs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 197(1–2):251, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
93. Tucker AR, Smith JR: Prostatic squamous metaplasia in a cat with interstitial cell neoplasia in a retained testis. Vet Pathol 45(6):905, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
94. Turrel JM: Intraoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate gland in ten dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1:190(1):48, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
95. Tursi M, Costa T, Valenza F, et al: Adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 10(6):600, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
96. Watanabe H, Shima M, Kojima M, et al: Dynamic study of nervous control on prostatic contraction and fluid excretion in the dog. J Urol 140(6):1567, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
97. Weaver AD: Discrete prostatic (paraprostatic) cysts in the dog. Vet Rec 102(20):435, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
98. Weisse C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229(2):226, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
99. Wheaton LG, de Klerk DP, Strandberg JD, et al: Relationship of seminal volume to size and disease of the prostate in the beagle. Am J Vet Res 40(9):1325, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
100. White RA, Williams JM: Intracapsular prostatic omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic abscesses in dogs. Vet Surg 24(5):390, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
101. Winter ML, Bosland MC, Wade DR, et al: Induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in intact dogs by near-physiological levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 17 beta-estradiol. Prostate 26(6):325, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
102. Van Lue SJ, Cowles RS 3rd, Rawlings CA: Video-assisted percutaneous cystoscopy of the bladder and prostatic urethra in the dog: new approach for visual laser ablation of the prostate. J Endourol 9(6):503, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
103. Xiao Z, Dickey D, Owen RJ, et al: Interstitial photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate using intra-arterial administration of photosensitizer and computerized pulsed light delivery. J Urol 178(1):308, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
104. Zambelli D, Cunto M, Raccagni R, et al: Successful surgical treatment of a prostatic biphasic tumour (sarcomatoid carcinoma) in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 12(2):161, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
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Chapter 114: Kidneys
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Chapter 115: Ureters
[pic]
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96. Ling GV, Franti CE, Ruby AL, et al: Urolithiasis in dogs I: mineral prevalence and interrelations of mineral composition, age and sex. Am J Vet Res 59:624, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
97. Liska WE, Patnaik AK: Leiomyoma of the ureter of a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:83, 1977.
98. Lulich JP, Osborne CA: Upper tract uroliths: questions, answers, questions. In August JR, editor: Consultations in feline internal medicine, vol 5, St. Louis, 2006, Elsevier, p 309.
99. MacCoy DM, Ogilvie G, Burke T, et al: Postovariohysterectomy ureterovaginal fistula in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:469, 1988.
100. Mahoney SA, Persky L: Approximation and dilatation: the mode of healing of an unintubated ureterostomy. Surg Forum 12:493, 1961. PUBMED Abstract
101. Martin RA, Harvey HJ, Flanders JA: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog: a case report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:80, 1985.
102. Mason LK, Stone EA, Biery DN, et al: Surgery of ectopic ureters: pre- and postoperative radiographic morphology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:73, 1990.
103. Mathews KG, Gregory CR: Renal transplants in cats: 66 cases (1987–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1432, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
104. Mayhew PD, Lee KCL, Gregory SP, et al: Comparison of two surgical techniques for management of intramural ureteral ectopia in dogs: 36 cases (1994–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:389, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
105. McAleer IM, Kaplan GW: Pediatric genitourinary trauma. Urol Clin North Am 22:177, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
106. McEvoy FJ: Iatrogenic renal obstruction in a dog. Vet Rec 135:457, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
107. McLaughlin R, Miller CW: Urinary incontinence after surgical repair of ureteral ectopia in dogs. Vet Surg 20:100, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
108. McLoughlin MA, Chew DJ: Diagnosis and surgical management of ectopic ureters. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:17, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
109. McLoughlin MA, Hauptman JG, Spaulding K: Canine ureteroceles: a case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:699, 1989.
110. Mehl ML, Kyles AE: Ureteroureterostomy after proximal ureteric injury during an ovariohysterectomy in a dog. Vet Rec 153:469, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
111. Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Pollard R, et al: Comparison of 3 techniques for ureterocystostomy in cats. Vet Surg 34:114, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
112. Moon YT, Kerbl K, Pearle MS, et al: Evaluation of optimal stent size after endourologic incision or ureteral strictures. J Endourol 9:15, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
113. Moores AP, Bell AM, Costello M: Urinoma (para-ureteral pseudocyst) as a consequence of trauma in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 43:213, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
114. Nicolli S, Zatelli A, D’Ippolito P, et al: Ureteral double pigtail stenting in dogs and cats: preliminary clinical results [abstract]. Vet Surg 38(4):E1, 2009.
115. Nwadike BS, Wilson LP, Stone EA: Use of bilateral temporary nephrostomy catheters for emergency treatment of bilateral ureter transaction in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1862, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
116. Ochoa VB, DiBartola P, Chew DJ, et al: Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: a retrospective study and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 13:47, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
117. O’Handley P, Carrig CB, Walshaw R: Renal and ureteral duplication in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:484, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
118. Okkens AC, Gaag IVD, Biewenga WJ, et al: Urologische complicaties na ovariohysterectomie bij de hond. Tijdschr Diergeneesk 106:1189, 1981.
119. Ortega SJ, Netto FS, Hamilton P, et al: CT scanning for diagnosing blunt ureteral and ureteropelvic junction injuries. BMC Urology 8:3, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
120. Osborne CA, Dieterich HF, Hanlon GF, et al: Urinary incontinence due to ectopic ureter in a male dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 166:911, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
121. Pearson H: The complications of ovariohysterectomy in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 14:257, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
122. Pearson H, Gibbs C: Urinary incontinence in the dog due to accidental vagino-ureteral fistulation during hysterectomy. J Small Anim Pract 21:287, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
123. Pearson H, Gibbs C: Urinary tract abnormalities in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 12:67, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
124. Presti JC, Carroll PR, McAninch JW, et al: Ureteral and renal pelvic injuries from external trauma: diagnosis and management. J Trauma 29:370, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
125. Ragni RA, Fews D: Ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis in a cat associated with retroperitoneal infarction. J Feline Med Surg 10:259, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
126. Reichle JK, Peterson RA, Mahaffey MB, et al: Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:433, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
127. Ross LA, Lamb CR: Reduction of hydronephrosis and hydroureter associated with ectopic ureters in two dogs after ureterovesicular anastomosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1497, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
128. Ross SJ, Osborne CA, Lulich JP, et al: Canine and feline nephrolithiasis. Epidemiology, detection and management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29:231, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
129. Rozear L, Tidwell AS: Evaluation of the ureter and ureterovesicular junction using helical computed tomographic excretory urography in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:155, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
130. Rutgers C, Chew DJ, Burt JK: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a female cat without urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1394, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
131. Samii VF, McLoughlin MA, Mattoon JS, et al: Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia. J Vet Intern Med 18:271, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
132. Satani Y: Histologic study of the ureter. J Urol 3:247, 1919.
133. Scott RC, Greene RW, Patnaik AD: Unilateral ureterocele associated with hydronephrosis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 10:126, 1974.
134. Segura JW, Preminger GM, Assimos DG, et al: Ureteral stones clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of ureteral calculi. J Urol 158:1915, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
135. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:785, 1982.
136. Smith AL, Radlinsky MA, Rawlings C: The use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for the treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia: a retrospective evaluation [abstract]. Vet Surg 38:E46, 2009.
137. Smith CW, Burke TJ, Froehlich P, et al: Bilateral ureteral ectopia in a male cat with urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:172, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
138. Smith CW, Park RD: Bilateral ectopic ureteroceles in a dog. Canine Pract 10:28, 1974.
139. Smith CW, Stowater JL, Kneller SK: Bilateral ectopic ureter in a male dog with urinary incontinence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 177:1022, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
140. Snyder DM, Steffey MA, Mehler SJ, et al: Diagnosis and surgical management of ureteral calculi in dogs: 16 cases (1990–2003). N Z Vet J 53:19, 2004.
141. Steffey MA, Brockman DJ: Congenital ectopic ureters in a male dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:1607, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
142. Steffey M, Rassnick KM, Porter B, et al: Ureteral mast cell tumor in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:82, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
143. Stiffler KS, McCrackin Stevenson MA, Howerth EW, et al: Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: a case report and proposed classification system. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:33, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
144. Stone EA, Barsanti JA: Surgical therapy for urinary tract trauma. In Stone EA, editor: Urologic surgery of the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1992, Lea & Febiger, p 108.
145. Stone EA, Mason LK: Surgery of ectopic ureters: types, method of correction, and postoperative results. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:81, 1990.
146. Stowater JL, Springer AL: Ureterocele in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 74:1753, 1979. PUBMED Abstract
147. Sutherland-Smith J, Jerram RM, Walker AM, et al: Ectopic ureters and ureteroceles in dogs: presentation, cause, and diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:303, 2004.
148. Takiguchi M, Yasuda J, Ochiai K, et al: Ultrasonographic appearance of orthotopic ureterocele in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:398, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
149. Taney KG, Moore KW, Carro T, et al: Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:817, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
150. Tattersall JA, Welsh E: Ectopic ureterocele in a male dog: a case report and review of surgical management. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:395, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
151. Thun R, Goodale RH, McCracken MD, et al: Iatrogenic hydronephrosis in a bitch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 167:388, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
152. Tidwell AS, Ullman SL, Schelling SH: Urinoma (para-ureteral pseudocyst) in a dog. Vet Radiol 31:203, 1990.
153. Vaughan DE, Sweet RE, Gillenwater JY: Unilateral ureteral occlusion: pattern of nephron repair and compensatory response. J Urol 109:979, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
154. Velardo JT: Histology of the ureter. In Bergman H, editor: The ureter, ed 2, New York, 1981, Springer-Verlag, p 13.
155. Weisse C, Aronson LR, Drobatz K: Traumatic rupture of the ureter: 10 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:188, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
156. Wen JG, Frokiaer J, Jorgensen TM, et al: Obstructive nephropathy: an update of the experimental research. Urol Res 27:29, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
157. Westropp JL, Ruby AL, Bailiff NL, et al: Dried solidified blood calculi in the urinary tract of cats. J Vet Intern Med 20:828, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
158. Wilson DR: Renal function during and following obstruction. Ann Rev Med 28:329, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
159. Wolf JS, Humphrey PA, Rayala HJ, et al: Comparative ureteral microanatomy. J Endourol 10:527, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
160. Wolf JS Jr, Soble JJ, Nakada SY, et al: Comparison of fibrin glue, laser weld, and mechanical suturing device for the laparoscopic closure of ureterotomy in a porcine model. J Urol 157:1487, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
161. Worth AJ, Tomlin SC: Post-traumatic paraureteral urinoma in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 45:413, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 116: Bladder
[pic]
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99. Knapp DW, Richardson RC, Chan TC, et al: Piroxicam therapy in 34 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. J Vet Intern Med 8:273, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
100. Rocha TA, Mauldin GN, Patnaik AK, et al: Prognostic factors in dogs with urinary bladder carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 14:486, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
101. Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, et al: Clinical evaluation of mitoxantrone and piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:906, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
102. Brown WA: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with activity against either cyclooxygenase 1 or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibit colorectal cancer in a DMH rodent model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Gut 48:660, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
103. Smith JD, Stone EA, Gilson SD: Placement of a permanent cystostomy catheter to relieve urine outflow obstruction in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:496, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
104. Withrow SJ, Gilette EL, Hoopes PJ, et al: Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms. Vet Surg 18:7, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 117: Urethra
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31. Corgozinho KB, de Souza HJ, Pereira AN, et al: Catheter-induced urethral trauma in cats with urethral obstruction. J Feline Med Surg 9:481, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
32. Creed KE, Van Der Werf BA, Kaye KW: Innervation of the striated muscle of the membranous urethra of the male dog. J Urol 159:1712, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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35. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WF: Morphometry of the female feline urethra. J Urol 129:190, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
36. Cullen WC, Fletcher TF, Bradley WF: Morphometry of the male feline pelvic urethra. J Urol 129:186, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
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37. Ellison GW, Lewis DD, Boren FC: Subpubic urethrostomy to salvage a failed perineal urethrostomy in a cat. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim Pract 11:946, 1989.
38. Elwick KE, Melendez LD, Higbee RG, et al: Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser ablation of an obstructive urethral polyp in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:506, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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40. Finco DR: Induced feline urethral obstruction: response of hyperkalemia to relief of obstruction and administration of parenteral electrolyte solution. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 12:198, 1976.
41. Foster SF, Hunt GB, Malik R: Congenital urethral anomaly in a kitten. J Feline Med Surg 1:61, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
42. Galanty M, Jurka P, Zielinska P: Surgical treatment of hypospadias. Techniques and results in six dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 11:235, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
43. Gerber B, Eichenberger S, Reusch CE: Guarded long-term prognosis in male cats with urethral obstruction. J Feline Med Surg 10:16, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
44. Goulden B, Bergman MM, Wyburn RS: Canine urethro-rectal fistulae. J Small Anim Pract 14:143, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
45. Greenberg CB, Davidson EB, Bellmer DD, et al: Evaluation of the tensile strengths of four monofilament absorbable suture materials after immersion in canine urine with or without bacteria. Am J Vet Res 65:847, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
46. Gregory CR: Electromyographic and urethral pressure evaluations: assessment of urethral function before and after perineal urethrostomy in cats. Am J Vet Res 45:2062, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
47. Gregory CR, Vasseur PB: Long-term examination of cats with perineal urethrostomy. Vet Surg 12:210, 1983.
48. Griffin DW, Gregory CR: Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection after perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:681, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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51. Hastings JC, Van Winkle W, Barker E, et al: The effect of suture materials on healing wounds of the bladder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:933, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
52. Hawthorne JC, deHaan JJ, Goring RL, et al: Recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to idiopathic renal hematuria in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:511, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
53. Hay CW, Rosin E: Repair of an intrapelvic urethral tear in a bitch caused by iatrogenic trauma. Vet Rec 140:48, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
54. Hayes HM Jr, Wilson GP: Hospital incidence of hypospadias in dogs in North America. Vet Rec 118:605, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
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56. Hobson HP: Surgical pathophysiology of the penis. In Bojrab JM, editor: Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1993, Lea & Febiger, pp 552–559.
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58. Hostutler RA, Chew DJ, Eaton KA, et al: Cystoscopic appearance of proliferative urethritis in 2 dogs before and after treatment. J Vet Intern Med 18:113, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
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60. Johnston DE: Feline urethrostomy—a critique and new method. J Small Anim Pract 15:421, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Kirsch JA, Hauptman JG, Walshaw R: A urethropexy technique for surgical treatment of urethral prolapse in the male dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:381, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
64. Klahr S: Pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 23:414, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
65. Kleine LJ, Thorton GW: Radiographic diagnosis of urinary tract trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 7:318, 1971.
66. Knapp DW, Glickman NW, DeNicola DB, et al: Naturally occurring canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A relevant model of human invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 5:47, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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68. Lane IF, Fischer JR, Miller E, et al: Functional urethral obstruction in 3 dogs: clinical and urethral pressure profile findings. J Vet Intern Med 14:43, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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71. Lees GE, Osborne CA, Stevens JB, et al: Adverse effects of open indwelling urethral catheterization in clinically normal male cats. Am J Vet Res 42:825, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
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78. Mendham JH: A description and evaluation of antepubic urethrostomy in the male cat. J Small Anim Pract 11:709, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
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80. Michell JP: Injuries to the urethra. Br J Urol 40:649, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
81. Miller CF: Urethrorectal fistula with concurrent urolithiasis in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 75:73, 1980. PUBMED Abstract
82. Moroff SD, Brown BA, Matthiesen DT, et al: Infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs: 41 cases (1980–1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:247, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
83. Nacey JN, Delahunt B, Tulloch AG: The assessment of catheter-induced urethritis using an experimental dog model. J Urol 134:623, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
84. Newman RG, Mehler SJ, Kitchell BE, et al: Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent to relieve malignant urethral obstruction in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:236, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
85. Newton JD, Smeak DD: Simple continuous closure of canine scrotal urethrostomy: results in 20 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:531, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
86. Osborne CA, Caywood DD, Johnston GR, et al: Perineal urethrostomy versus dietary management in prevention of recurrent lower urinary tract disease. J Small Anim Pract 32:296, 1991.
87. Osborne CA, Sanderson SL: Medical management of urethral prolapse in male dogs, In Bonagura JD, Kirk RW, editors: Current veterinary therapy XII, Philadelphia, 1995, Saunders, pp 1027–1029.
88. Osuna DJ, Stone EA, Metcalf MR: A urethrorectal fistula with concurrent urolithiasis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:35, 1989.
89. Pavletic MM: Reconstruction of the urethra by use of an inverse tubed bipedicled flap in a dog with hypospadias. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:71, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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94. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the proportion of collagen and muscle in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 70:1516, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
95. Ragni RA: Urethral prolapse in three male Yorkshire terriers. J Small Anim Pract 48:180, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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98. Rickards DA: The feline urethral shunt. Feline Pract 6:48, 1976.
99. Rickards DA, Hinko PJ: Feline urethrostomy: the Cleveland technique. Feline Pract 6:48, 1974.
100. Robinette JD: Silicone rubber prostheses for replacement of the urethra in male cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:285, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
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102. Sackman JE, Sims MH, Krahwinkel DJ: Urodynamic evaluation of lower urinary tract function in cats after perineal urethrostomy with minimal and extensive dissection. Vet Surg 20:55, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
103. Saulnier-Troff FG, Busoni V, Hamaide A: A technique for resection of invasive tumors involving the trigone area of the bladder in dogs: preliminary results in two dogs. Vet Surg 37:427, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
104. Savicky RS, Jackson AH: Use of a rectus abdominis muscle flap to repair urinary bladder and urethral defects in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1038, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
105. Schiller TD, Stone EA, Gupta BS: In vitro loss of tensile strength and elasticity of five absorbable suture materials in sterile and infected canine urine. Vet Surg 22:208, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
106. Selcer BA: Urinary tract trauma associated with pelvic trauma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:785, 1982.
107. Smeak DD: Urethrotomy and urethrostomy in the dog. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 15:25, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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114. Tobias KS, Barbee D: Abnormal micturition and recurrent cystitis associated with multiple congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:191, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
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116. Van der Werf BA, Creed KE: Mechanical properties and innervation of the smooth muscle layers of the urethra of greyhounds. BJU Int 90:588, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
117. Van der Werf BA, Hidaka T, Creed KE: Continence and some properties of the urethral striated muscle of male greyhounds. BJU Int 85:341, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
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121. Weaver RG, Schulte JW: Experimental and clinical studies of urethral regeneration. Surg Gynecol Obstet 115:729, 1962. PUBMED Abstract
122. Weber WJ, Boothe HW, Brassard JA, et al: Comparison of the healing of prescrotal urethrotomy incisions in the dog: sutured versus nonsutured. Am J Vet Res 46:1309, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
123. Weisse C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:226, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
124. Welches CD, Scavelli TD, Aronsohn MG, et al: Perineal hernia in the cat: a retrospective study of 40 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 28:431, 1992.
125. White RN, Davies JV, Gregory SP: Vaginourethroplasty for treatment of urethral obstruction in the bitch. Vet Surg 25:503, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
126. Wilson GP 3rd, Harrison JW: Perineal urethrostomy in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1789, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
127. Withrow SJ, Gillette EL, Hoopes PJ, et al: Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms. Vet Surg 18:7, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
128. Yeh LS, Chin SC: Modified perineal urethrostomy using preputial mucosa in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1092, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
129. Yilmaz Y, Aydin M, Bakir B, et al: Utilising an ileal segment in the posterior urethral replacement procedures using anal sphincter to provide continence in dogs. Tohoku J Exp Med 185:263, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
130. Yoshioka MM, Carb A: Antepubic urethrostomy in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:290, 1982.
Chapter 118: Sphincter Mechanism Incontinence
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29. Gosling JJ, Thompson SA: A neurohistochemical and histological study of peripheral autonomic neurons of the human bladder neck and prostate. Urol Int 32:269, 1977.PUBMED Abstract
30. Gregory SP: Obesity in continent and incontinent bitches assessed by body condition scoring and a derived body mass index, 1992, PhD thesis, University of Bristol, p 167.
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32. Gregory SP, Holt PE: The immediate effect of colposuspension on resting and stressed urethral pressure profiles in anaesthetized incontinent bitches. Vet Surg 23:330, 1994.PUBMED Abstract
33. Gregory SP, Holt PE, Parkinson TJ, et al: Vaginal position and length in the bitch: relationship to spaying and urinary incontinence. J Small Anim Pract 40:180, 1999.PUBMED Abstract
34. Gregory SP, Parkinson TJ, Holt PE: Urethral conformation and position in relation to urinary incontinence in the bitch. Vet Rec 131:167, 1992.PUBMED Abstract
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41. Holt PE: Long-term evaluation of colposuspension in the treatment of urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism in the bitch. Vet Rec 127:537, 1990.PUBMED Abstract
42. Holt PE: “Simultaneous” urethral pressure profilometry: comparisons between continent and incontinent bitches. J Small Anim Pract 29:761, 1988.
43. Holt PE: Surgical management of congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in eight female cats and a bitch. Vet Surg 22:98, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
44. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 127:347, 1990.PUBMED Abstract
45. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: prevalence in referred dogs and retrospective analysis of sixty cases. J Small Anim Pract 26:181, 1985.
46. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: surgical treatment. J Small Anim Pract 26:237, 1985.
47. Holt PE: Urinary incontinence in the dog. In Pract 5:162, 1983.
48. Holt PE, Coe RJ, Hotston Moore A: Prostatopexy as a treatment for urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs. J Small Anim Pract 46:567, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
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50. Holt PE, Gibbs C, Wathes CM: Simultaneous urethral pressure profilometry using a microtip transducer catheter in the bitch: effects of bitch position and transducer orientation. Neurourol Urodyn 9:281, 1990.
51. Holt PE, Gregory SP: Resting urethral pressure profilometry in bitches: artefact or reality? Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 15:1207, 1993.
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53. Holt PE, Sayle B: Congenital vestibulo-vaginal stenosis in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 22:67, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
54. Holt PE, Thrusfield MV: Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Vet Rec 133:177, 1993.PUBMED Abstract
55. Iosif CS, Batra S, Ek A, et al: Estrogen receptors in the human female lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:817, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
56. Khalaf IM, Ghoneim MA, Elhilali MM: The effect of exogenous prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 and indomethacin on micturition. Br J Urol 53:21, 1981.PUBMED Abstract
57. Khalaf IM, Lehoux JG, Elshawarby LA, et al: Release of prostaglandins into the pelvic venous blood of dogs in response to vesical distension and pelvic nerve stimulation. Invest Urol 17:244, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
58. Khalaf IM, Rioux F, Quirion R, et al: Intravesical prostaglandin: release and effect of bladder installation on some micturition parameters. Br J Urol 52:351, 1980.PUBMED Abstract
59. Kondo A, Kobayashi M, Takita T, et al: Effect of prostaglandin on urethral resistance and micturition. Urol Res 11:19, 1983.PUBMED Abstract
60. Kyles AE, Vaden S, Hardie EM, et al: Vestibulovaginal stenosis in dogs: 18 cases (1987–1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1889, 1996.PUBMED Abstract
61. Malizia AA, Reiman HM, Myers RP, et al: Migration and granulomatous reaction after periurethral injection of Polytef (Teflon). J Am Med Assoc 251:3277, 1984.PUBMED Abstract
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65. Mittleman RE, Marraccini JV: Pulmonary Teflon granulomas following periurethral Teflon injection for urinary incontinence. Arch Path Lab Med 107:611, 1883.PUBMED Abstract
66. Muir P, Goldsmid SE, Bellenger CR: Management of urinary incontinence in five bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism by colposuspension and a modified sling urethroplasty. Vet Rec 134:38, 1994.PUBMED Abstract
67. Mutoh S, Ueda S, Yano S, et al: Effects of some prostaglandins on urinary bladder and urethra isolated from the dog. Urol Int 38:219, 1983.PUBMED Abstract
68. Nickel RF: Oestriol: pharmacology and effects on lower urinary tract function. ESVIM Newsletter 9:13, 1999.
69. Nickel RF, Wiegand U, Van Den Brom WE: Evaluation of a transpelvic sling procedure with and without colposuspension for treatment of female dogs with refractory urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Surg 27:94, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
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71. Nordling J, Meyhoff HH, Hald T: Sympathetic influence on striated urethral sphincter in urinary incontinence. In Zinner NR, Sterling AM, editors: Female incontinence, New York, 1981, Alan R Liss Inc, p 101.PUBMED Abstract
72. Olson PN, Mulnix JA, Nett TM: Concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum of sexually intact and neutered dogs. Am J Vet Res 53:762, 1992.PUBMED Abstract
73. Politano VA: Migration of polytetrafluoroethylene—Polytef. J Am Med Assoc 254:1902, 1985.
74. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the expression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in the lower urinary tract between intact and gonadectomised male and female dogs. Dom Anim Endocrinol 34:339, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
75. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Differences in the proportion of collagen and muscle in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 70:1516, 2008.PUBMED Abstract
76. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the canine lower urinary tract with regard to the effects of gonadal status and gender. Theriogenology 71:1276, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
77. Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Scaramuzzi RJ, et al: Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors and their transcribed genes (mRNA) are present in the lower urinary tract of intact male and female dogs. Theriogenology 67:353, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
78. Power SC, Eggleton KE, Aaron AJ, et al: Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the male dog: importance of bladder neck position, proximal urethral length and castration. J Small Anim Pract 39:69, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
79. Rawlings CA, Barsanti JA, Mahaffey MB, et al: Evaluation of colposuspension for treatment of incontinence in spayed female dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:770, 2001.PUBMED Abstract
80. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Chernosky AC, et al: Immediate urodynamic and anatomic response to colposuspension in female beagles. Am J Vet Res 61:1353, 2000.PUBMED Abstract
81. Reichler IM, Barth A, Piché CA, et al: Urodynamic parameters and plasma LH/FSH in spayed Beagle bitches before and 8 weeks after GnRH depot analogue treatment. Theriogenology 66:2127, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
82. Reichler IM, Hubler M, Jöchle W, et al: The effect of GnRH analogs on urinary incontinence after ablation of the ovaries in dogs. Theriogenology 60:1207, 2003.PUBMED Abstract
83. Reichler IM, Jöchle W, Piché CA, et al: Effect of a long acting GnRH analogue or placebo on plasma LH/FSH, urethral pressure profiles and clinical signs of urinary incontinence due to sphincter mechanism incompetence in bitches. Theriogenology 66:1227, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
84. Reichler IM, Pfeiffer E, Piché CA, et al: Changes in plasma gonadotrophin concentrations and urethral closure pressure in the bitch during the 12 months following ovariectomy. Theriogenology 62:1391, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
85. Reichler IM, Welle M, Sattler U, et al: Comparative quantitative assessment of GnRH- and LH-receptor mRNA expression in the urinary tract of sexually intact and spayed dogs. Theriogenology 67:1134, 2007.PUBMED Abstract
86. Richter KP, Ling GV: Clinical response and urethral pressure profile changes after phenylpropanolamine in dogs with primary sphincter incompetence. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:605, 1985.PUBMED Abstract
86a. Rose SA, Adin CA, Ellison GW, et al: Long-term efficacy of a percutaneously adjustable hydraulic urethral sphincter for treatment of urinary incontinence in four dogs. Vet Surg 38:747, 2009.PUBMED Abstract
87. Salomon JF, Cotard JP, Viguier E: Management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in a male dog with laparoscopic-guided deferentopexy. J Small Anim Pract 43:501, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
88. Salomon JF, Gouriou M, Dutot E, et al: Experimental study of urodynamic changes after ovariectomy in 10 dogs. Vet Rec 159:807, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
89. Scott L, Leddy M, Bernay F, Davot JL: Evaluation of phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 43:493, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
90. Smith P: Age changes in the female urethra. Br J Urol 44:667, 1972.PUBMED Abstract
91. Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA: Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:380, 2004.PUBMED Abstract
92. Stolzenburg JU, Dorschner W, Postenjak M, et al: Sphincteric musculature of female canine urethra in comparison to woman including 3D reconstruction. Cells Tissue Organs 170:151, 2002.PUBMED Abstract
93. Thrusfield MV, Muirhead RH, Holt PE: Acquired urinary incontinence in bitches: its incidence and relationship to neutering practices. J Small Anim Pract 39:559, 1998.PUBMED Abstract
94. Verhamme KMC, Dieleman JP, Van Wijk MAM, et al: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and increased risk of acute urinary retention. Arch Int Med 165:1547, 2005.PUBMED Abstract
95. Wang KY, Samii VF, Chew DJ, et al: Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology 66:726, 2006.PUBMED Abstract
96. Weber UT, Arnold S, Hubler M, et al: Surgical treatment of male dogs with urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Surg 26:51, 1997.PUBMED Abstract
97. Wein AJ, Benson GS, Jacobowitz D: Lack of evidence for adrenergic innervation of the external urethral sphincter. J Urol 121:324, 1979.PUBMED Abstract
98. White RAS, Pomeroy CJ: Phenylpropanolamine: an α-adrenergic agent for the management of urinary incontinence in the bitch associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Rec 125:478, 1989.PUBMED Abstract
99. White RN: Urethropexy for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 42:481, 2001.PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 119: Renal Transplant
[pic]
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46. Katayama M, McAnulty JF: Renal transplantation in cats: techniques, complications, and immunosuppression. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 24:874, 2002.
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59. Kyles AE, Gregory CR, Griffey SM, et al: Modified Noble plication for the prevention of intestinal intussusception after renal transplantation in dogs. J of Invest Surg 16:161, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
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63. Mathews KA, Holmberg DL, Miller CW: Kidney transplantation in dogs with naturally occurring end stage renal disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:294, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
64. Mathews KG: Renal transplantation in the management of chronic renal failure. In August J, editor: Consultation in feline internal medicine, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, p 319.
65. Mathews KG: Placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for the medical management of feline renal transplant candidates. Personal communication, 2000.
66. Mathews KG, Gregory CR: Renal transplants in cats: 66 cases (1987–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1432, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
67. McAnulty JF: Hypothermic storage of feline kidneys for transplantation: Successful ex vivo storage up to 7 hours. Vet Surg 27:312, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
68. McAnulty JF, Lensmeyer GL: Comparison of high performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay methods for measurement of cyclosporine A blood concentrations after feline kidney transplantation. Vet Surg 27:589,1998. PUBMED Abstract
69. McAnulty JF, Lensmeyer GL: The effects of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in cats. Vet Surg 28:448,1999. PUBMED Abstract
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85. Schmiedt CW, Delaney FA, McNaulty JF: Ultrasonographic determination of resistive index and graft size for evaluating clinical feline renal allografts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:73, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
86. Schmeidt CW, Grimes JA, Holzman G: Incidence and risk factors for development of malignant neoplasia after feline renal transplantation and cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Vet Compar Oncol 7:45, 2009.
87. Schmeidt CW, Holzman G, Schwarz T, et al: Survival, complications and analysis of risk factors after renal transplantation in cats. Vet Surg 37:683, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
88. Turka LA, Linsley PS, Lin H, et al: T cell activation by CD28 ligand B7 is required for cardiac allograft rejection in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:11102–11105, 1992.
89. Urie BK, Tillson DM, Smith CM, et al: Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1653, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
90. Valverde CR, Gregory CR, Ilkew JE: Anesthetic management in feline renal transplantation. Vet Anes Analgesia 29:117, 2002.
91. Weinstein NM, Blais MC, Harris K, et al: A newly recognized blood group in domestic shorthair cats: the Mik red cell antigen. J Vet Intern Med 21:287, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
92. Wooldridge J, Gregory CR, Mathews KG, et al: The prevalence of malignant neoplasia in feline renal transplant recipients. Vet Surg 31:94, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION XII: Endocrine System
Chapter 120: Adrenal Glands
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1. Anderson CR, Birchard SJ, Powers BE, et al: Surgical treatment of adrenocortical tumors: 21 cases (1990–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:93–97, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
2. Ash RA, Harvey AM, Tasker S: Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases. J Feline Med Surg 7:173–182, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
3. Barthez PY, Marks SL, Woo J, et al: Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases (1984–1995). J Vet Intern Med 11:272–278, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
4. Becker TJ, Perry RL, Watson GL: Regression of hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat after surgical excision of an adrenocortical carcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:499–505, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
5. Besso JG, Penninck DG, Gliatto JM: Retrospective ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal lesions in 26 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:448–455, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
6. Boord M, Griffin C: Progesterone secreting adrenal mass in a cat with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:666–669, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bouayad H, Feeney DA, Caywood DD, et al: Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1610–1615, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
8. Brenner DW, Brenner CJ, Scott J, et al: Suprarenal Greenfield filter placement to prevent pulmonary embolus in patients with vena caval tumor thrombi. J Urol 147:19–23, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
9. Cunningham JG: Textbook of veterinary physiology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders.
10. Duesberg CA, Nelson RW, Feldman EC, et al: Adrenalectomy for treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in cats: 10 cases (1988–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1066–1070, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
11. Emms SG, Wortman JA, Johnston DE, et al: Evaluation of canine hyperadrenocorticism, using computed tomography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:432–439, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
12. Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Comparative aspects of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs and cats. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23:671–691, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
13. Feldman EC, Nelson RW, Feldman MS: Use of low- and high-dose dexamethasone tests for distinguishing pituitary-dependent from adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:772–775, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
14. Gilson SD, Withrow SJ, Orton EC: Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs. Vet Surg 23:195–200, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
15. Gilson SD, Withrow SJ, Wheeler SL, et al: Pheochromocytoma in 50 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 8:228–232, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
16. Goggs R, Benigni L, Fuentes VL, et al: Pulmonary thromboembolism. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 19:30, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
17. Gould SM, Baines EA, Mannion PA, et al: Use of endogenous ACTH concentration and adrenal ultrasonography to distinguish the cause of canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Small Anim Pract 42:113–121, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
18. Guyton AC: The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla. In Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors: Textbook of medical physiology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2006, Elsevier, pp 748–760.
19. Herrera MA, Mehl ML, Kass PH, et al: Predictive factors and the effect of phenoxybenzamine on outcome in dogs undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. J Vet Intern Med 22:1333–1339, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
20. Hullinger RL: The endocrine system. In Miller ME, Evans HE, editors: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 574–579.
21. Jimenez Pelaez M, Bouvy BM, Dupre GP: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for treatment of unilateral adrenocortical carcinomas: technique, complications, and results in seven dogs. Vet Surg 37:444–453, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
22. Kook PH, Boretti FS, Hersberger M, et al: Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine to creatinine ratios in healthy dogs at home and in a hospital environment and in 2 dogs with pheochromocytoma. J Vet Intern Med 21:388–393, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
23. Kyles AE, Feldman EC, De Cock HE, et al: Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994–2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:654–662, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
24. Louvet A, Lazard P, Denis B: Phaeochromocytoma treated by en bloc resection including the suprarenal caudal vena cava in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46:591–596, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
25. Lynn RC, Feldman EC, Nelson RW: Efficacy of microcrystalline desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. DOCP clinical study group. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:392–396, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
26. Moore LE, Biller DS, Olsen DE: Hyperadrenocorticism treated with metyrapone followed by bilateral adrenalectomy in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:673, 691–694, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
27. Myers NC 3rd: Adrenal incidentalomas: Diagnostic workup of the incidentally discovered adrenal mass. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:381–399, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
28. Peacock JT, Fossum TW, Bahr AM, et al: Evaluation of gradual occlusion of the caudal vena cava in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 64:1347–1353, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
29. Peterson ME, Birchard SJ, Mehlhaff CJ: Anesthetic and surgical management of endocrine disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 14:911–925, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
30. Peyton JW, Stewart JR, Greenfield LJ, et al: Hemodynamics and renal function following experimental suprarenal vena caval occlusion. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155:37–42, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
31. Reusch CE: Hyperadrenocorticism. In Ettinger SJ, editor: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders.
32. Reusch CE, Feldman EC: Canine hyperadrenocorticism because of adrenocortical neoplasia. Pretreatment evaluation of 41 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 5:3–10, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
33. Rose SA, Kyles AE, Labelle P, et al: Adrenalectomy and caval thrombectomy in a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:209–214, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
34. Scavelli TD: Adrenalectomy. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 539–542.
35. Scavelli TD, Peterson ME, Matthiesen DT: Results of surgical treatment for hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia in the dog: 25 cases (1980–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:1360–1364, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
36. Schwartz P, Kovak JR, Koprowski A, et al: Evaluation of prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of adrenal gland tumors in dogs: 41 cases (1999–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:77–84, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
37. Swiderski JK, Seim HB 3rd, MacPhail CM, et al: Long-term outcome of domestic ferrets treated surgically for hyperadrenocorticism: 130 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1338–1343, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
38. van Sluijs FJ, Sjollema BE: Adrenalectomy in 36 dogs and 2 cats with hyperadrenocorticism. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 117(suppl 1):29S, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
39. van Sluijs FJ, Sjollema BE, Voorhout G, et al: Results of adrenalectomy in 36 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adreno–cortical tumour. Vet Q 17:113–116, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
40. Vaughan MA, Feldman EC, Hoar BR, et al: Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1321–1328, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
41. Weiss CA, Scott MV: Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in the domestic ferret: 94 cases (1994–1996). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:487–493, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
42. Weiss CA, Williams BH, Scott JB, et al: Surgical treatment and long-term outcome of ferrets with bilateral adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia: 56 cases (1994–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:820–823, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 121: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
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3. Bieglmayer C, Prager G, Niederle B: Kinetic analyses of parathyroid hormone clearance as measured by three rapid immunoassays during parathyroidectomy. Clin Chem 48:1731–1738, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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6. Ehrhart N: Thyroid. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1700–1710.
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14. Flanders JA: Surgical options for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 1:127–134, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
15. Flanders JA, Neth S, Erb HN, et al: Functional analysis of ectopic parathyroid activity in cats. Am J Vet Res 52:1336–1340, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
16. Fossum TW: The endocrine system. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, ed 2, St Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 487–530.
17. Gear RNA, Neiger R, Skelly BJS, et al: Primary hyperparathyroidism in 29 dogs: diagnosis, treatment, outcome and associated renal failure. J Small Anim Pract 46:10–16, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
18. Goldsmith RE, Wulsin J, Wiester MJ: Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy on the clinical course and the serum calcium and phosphorus concentration in dogs. Endocrinology 76:9, 1965. PUBMED Abstract
19. Goldstein RE, Atwater DZ, Cazolli DM, et al: Inheritance, mode of inheritance, and candidate genes for primary hyperparathyroidism in keeshonden. J Vet Intern Med 21:199–203, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
20. Guptill L, Scott-Moncrieff CR, Janovitz EB, et al: Response to high-dose radioactive iodine administration in cats with thyroid carcinoma that had previously undergone surgery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1055–1058, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
21. Guyton AC, Hall JE: Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D, bone, and teeth. In Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors: Textbook of medical physiology, ed 9, Philadelphia, 1996, Saunders, pp 985–1002.
22. Ham K, Greenfield CL, Barger A, et al: Validation of a rapid parathyroid hormone assay and intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone in dogs with benign naturally occurring primary hyperparathyroidism. Vet Surg 38:122–132, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
23. Harvey AM, Hibbert A, Barrett EL, et al: Scintigraphic findings in 120 hyperthyroid cats. J Feline Med Surg 11:96–106, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
24. Harvier P, Morel L: Topographie du tissue parathyroidien chez le chat. CR Soc Biol 66:837–839, 1903.
25. Hibbert A, Gruffydd-Jones T, Barrett EL, et al: Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high dose radioactive iodine treatment. J Feline Med Surg 11:116–124, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
26. Hullinger RL: The endocrine system. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 559–585.
27. Landerson PW, Levin AA, Ridgway EC, et al: Complications of surgery in hypothyroid patients. Am J Med 77:261, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
28. Liptak JM: Canine thyroid carcinoma. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 22:75–81, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
29. Matwichuck C, Taylor SM, Daniel GB, et al: Double-phase parathyroid scintigraphy in dogs using 99mTc-sestamibi. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:461–469, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Naan EC, Kirpensteijn J, Kooistra HS, et al: Results of thyroidectomy in 101 cats with hyperthyroidism. Vet Surg 35:287–293, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
31. Nicholas JS, Swingle WW: An experimental and morphological study of the parathyroid glands of the cat. Am J Anat 34:469–509, 1925.
32. Norsworthy GD, Adams VJ, McElhaney MR, et al: Palpable thyroid and parathyroid nodules in asymptomatic cats. J Feline Med Surg 4:145–151, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
33. Pack L, Roberts RE, Dawson SD, et al: Definitive radiation therapy for infiltrative thyroid carcinoma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:471–474, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
34. Padgett S: Feline thyroid surgery. Vet Clin Small Anim 32:851–859, 2002.
35. Padgett S, Tobias KM, Leathers CW, et al: Efficacy of parathyroid gland autotransplantation in maintaining serum calcium concentration after bilateral thyroparathyroidectomy in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:219–224, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
36. Page RL: Tumors of the endocrine system. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, editors: Small animal clinical oncology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 418–444.
37. Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG, Erlandson RA, et al: Mediastinal parathyroid adenocarcinoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 15:55–63, 1978. PUBMED Abstract
38. Rasor L, Pollard R, Feldman EC: Retrospective evaluation of three treatment methods for primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:70–77, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
39. Reusch CE, Tomsa K, Zimmer C, et al: Ultrasonography of the parathyroid glands as an aid in differentiation of acute and chronic renal failure in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1849–1852, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
40. Ruopp J: Primary hypoparathyroidism in a cat complicated by suspect iatrogenic calcinosis cutis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:370–373, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Safer JD, Crawford TM, Holick MF. A role for thyroid hormone in wound healing through keratin gene expression. Endocrinology 145:2357–2361, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
42. Scavelli TD, Peterson ME: The thyroid. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 1514–1523.
43. Schaefer C, Goldstein RE: Canine primary hyperparathyroidism. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 31:382–390, 2009.
44. Schaer M, Ginn PE, Fox LE, et al: Severe calcinosis cutis associated with treatment of hypoparathyroidism in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:364–369, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
45. Seehofer D, Rayes N, Ulrich F, et al: Intraoperative measurement of intact parathyroid hormone in renal hyperparathyroidism by an inexpensive routine assay. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 386:440–443, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
46. Simpson AC, McCown JL: Systemic hypertension in a dog with a functional thyroid gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 235:1474–1479, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
47. Swalec KM, Birchard SJ: Recurrence of hyperthyroidism after thyroidectomy in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:433–437, 1990.
48. Taeymans O, Peremans K, Saunders JH: Thyroid imaging in the dog: current status and future direction. J Vet Intern Med 21:673–684, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
49. Tha Nassif AC, Hintz Greca F, Graf H, et al: Wound healing in colonic anastomosis in hypothyroidism. Eur Surg Res 42:209–215, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
50. Theon AP, Marks SL, Feldman ES, Griffey S: Prognostic factors and patterns of treatment failure in dogs with unresectable differentiated thyroid carcinomas treated with megavoltage irradiation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1775–1779, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
51. Tobias KM: Feline thyroidectomy. In Tobias KM, editor: Manual of small animal soft tissue surgery, Ames, IA, 2010, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 433–440.
52. Turrel JM, McEntee MC, Burke BP, et al: Sodium iodine I131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:542–548, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
53. van Hoek I, Lefebvre HP, Peremans K, et al: Short- and long-term follow-up of glomerular and tubular renal markers of kidney function in hyperthyroid cats after treatment with radioiodine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 36:45–56, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
54. van Hoek I, Meyer E, Duchateau L, et al: Retinol-binding protein in serum and urine of hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine. J Vet Intern Med 23:1031–1037, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
55. Worth AJ, Zuber RM, Hocking M: Radioiodide (131I) therapy for the treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma. Aust Vet J 83:208–214, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
56. Zimmermann E, Ribas-Fiho JM, Malafaia O, et al: Tracheal suture in rats with hypothyroidism: wound healing study. Acta Cir Bras 24:282–289, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
SECTION XIII: Ear
Chapter 122: Pinna and External Ear Canal
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1. Angus JC: Otic cytology in health and disease. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:411–424, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
2. Aoki-Komori S, Simada K, Tani K, et al: Microbial flora in the ears of healthy experimental beagles. Exp Anim 56(1):67–69, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
3. Atwater SW, Powers BE, Straw RC, Withrow SJ: Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna and nasal planum. Fifty-four cats (1980–1991). Proc Annu Conf Vet Cancer Soc 11:35–36, 1991.
4. Bacon NJ, Gilbert RL, Bostock DE, White RAS: Total ear canal ablation in the cat: indications, morbidity and long-term survival. J Small Anim Pract 44(10):430–434, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
5. Bischoff MG, Kneller SK: Diagnostic imaging of the canine and feline ear. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:437–458, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
6. Blättler U, Harlin O, Mattison RG, Rampelberg F: Fibrin sealant as a treatment for canine aural haematoma: a case history. Vet J 173:697–700, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
7. Bond R, Saijonmaa-Koulumies LE, Lloyd DH: Population sizes and frequency of Malassezia pachydermatitis at skin and mucosal sites on healthy dogs. J Small Anim Pract 36(4):147–150, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
8. Boothe HW, Hobson HP, McDonald DE: Treatment of traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages without ablation: results in five dogs. Vet Surg 25(5):376–379, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
9. Buback JL, Boothe HW, Carroll GL, et al: Comparison of three methods of pain relief after ear canal ablation in dogs. Vet Surg 25:380–385, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
10. Caine AR, Herrtage ME, Ladlow JF: Imaging diagnosis: ear canal distension following external auditory canal atresia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49(3):267–269, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
11. Calhoun ML, Stinson AW: Integument. In Dellman H-D, Brown EM, editors: Textbook of veterinary histology, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1987, Lea & Febiger, pp 382–415.
12. Cechner PE: Suture technique for repair of aural hematoma. In Bojrab MJ, Ellison GW, Slocum B, editors: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 95–98.
13. Clarke RE: Cryosurgical treatment of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Aust Vet Pract 21:148–153, 1991.
14. Clarke SP: Surgical management of acute ear canal separation in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 6(4):283–286, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
15. Cole LK: Otoscopic evaluation of the ear canal. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:397–410, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
16. Cole LK, Kwochka KW, Kowalski JJ, Hillier A: Microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212:534–538, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
17. Cole LK, Papich MG, Kwochka KW, et al: Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end-stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin. Vet Dermatol 20:51–59, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
18. Connery NA, McAllister H, Hay C: Para-aural abscessation following traumatic ear canal separation in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 42(5):253–256, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
19. Cook LB: Neurologic evaluation of the ear. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:425–435, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
20. Coomer AR, Bacon NJ: Primary anastomosis of segmental external auditory canal atresia in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 11:864–868, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
21. Cox CL, Hunt GB, Cadier MM: Repair of oronasal fistulae using auricular cartilage grafts in five cats. Vet Surg 36:164–169, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
22. Crespo MJ, Abarca ML, Cabanes FJ: Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Med Mycol 40:115–121, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
23. Czernry C, Turtschek K, Duman M, Imhof H: Imaging of the middle ear. CT and MRI. Radiology 37:945–953; 1997. PUBMED Abstract
24. Day DG, Couto CG, Weisbrode, et al: Basal cell carcinoma in two cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:265–269, 1994.
25. de Queiroz FG, Matera JM, Dagli MLZ: Clinical study of cryosurgery efficacy in the treatment of skin and subcutaneous tumors in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 37:438–443, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
26. Devitt CM, Seim HB, Willer R, et al: Passive drainage versus primary closure after total ear canal ablation-lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: 59 dogs (1985–1995). Vet Surg 26:210–216, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
27. Dorn CR, Taylor DO, Schneider R: Sunlight exposure and risk of developing cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma in white cats. J Natl Cancer Inst 46:1073–1078, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
28. Dye TL, Teague HD, Ostwald DA, Ferreira SD: Evaluation of a technique using the carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of aural hematomas. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:385–390, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
29. Eom K, Lee H, Yoon J: Canalographic evaluation of the external ear canal in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41(3):231–234, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
30. Evans HE: The ear. In Miller ME, Evans HE, editors: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 988–1008.
31. Fan TM, de Lorimier LP: Inflammatory polyps and aural neoplasia. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:489–509, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
32. Fossum TW: Aural hematomas and traumatic lesions of the pinna. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St. Louis, 1997, Mosby, pp 171–176.
33. Fossum TW: Surgery of the ear. In Fossum TW, editor: Small animal surgery, St. Louis, 2002, Mosby, pp 229–253.
34. Garosi LS, Dennis R, Penderis J, Lamb CR, et al: Results of magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with vestibular disorders: 85 cases (1996–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(3):385–391, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
35. Getty R, Foust HL, Presley ET, Miller ME: Macroscopic anatomy of the ear of the dog. Am J Vet Res 17:364–375, 1956. PUBMED Abstract
36. Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS: Basal cell tumors. In Skin tumors of the dog and cat, Oxford, 1998, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp 16–28.
37. Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS: Ceruminous gland tumors. In Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, editors: Skin tumors of the dog and cat, New York, 1992, Pergamon Press, pp 96–102.
38. Gotthelf LN: Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:469–487, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
39. Greene CE: Otitis externa. In Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1998, Saunders, pp 549–554.
40. Griffin CE, DeBoer DJ: The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XIV): clinical manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 81:255–269, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
41. Hahn KA, Panjehpour M, Legendre AM: Photodynamic therapy response in cats with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma as a function of fluence. Vet Dermatol 9:3–7, 1998.
42. Hardie EM, Linder KE, Pease AP: Aural cholesteatoma in twenty dogs. Vet Surg 37:763–770, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
43. Harvey CE: The ear and nose. In Harvey CE, Newton CD, Schwartz A, editors: Small animal surgery, Philadelphia, 1990, JB Lippincott, pp 171–188.
44. Hettlich BF, Boothe HW, Simpson RB, et al: Effect of tympanic cavity evacuation and flushing on microbial isolates during total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(5):748–755, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
45. Higginbotham ML, Henry CJ, Watson Z, et al: Biological behavior of canine aural mast cell tumors. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Veterinary Cancer Society, Pacific Grove, CA, 2000, p 52.
46. Holt D, Brockman DJ, Sylvestre AM, et al: Lateral exploration of fistulas developing after total ear canal ablations: 10 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:527–530, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
47. Horne RD, Henderson RA: Pinna. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1737–1745.
48. Hoskinson JJ: Imaging techniques in the diagnosis of middle ear disease. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 8(1):10–16, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
49. House A: Atresia of the distal external acoustic meatus in a Bouvier des Flandres. J Small Anim Pract 42:88–89, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
50. Joyce J: Canine aural haematoma. Waltham Focus 10:4, 2000.
51. Joyce JA: Treatment of canine aural haematoma using an indwelling drain and corticosteroids. J Small Anim Pract 35:341–344, 1994.
52. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N: The eye and ear. In Pathology of domestic animals, vo1 1, ed 3, London, 2007, Academic Press, pp 393–398.
53. Kirpensteijn J: Aural neoplasms. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 8(1):17–23, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
54. Krahwinkel DJ: External ear canal. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1560–1567.
55. Krahwinkel DJ: External ear canal. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 1746–1756.
56. Krahwinkel DJ, Pardo AD, Sims MH, Bubb WJ: Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(6):949–952, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kuwahara J: Canine and feline aural haematomas: results of treatment with corticosteroids. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:641–647, 1986.
58. Kyles AE: Traumatic separation of the auricular and annular cartilages in two cats. Vet Rec 31:419–424, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
59. Lana SE, Ogilvie GK, Withrow SJ, et al: Feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum and the pinnae: 61 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(4):329–332, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
60. Lanz OI, Wood BC: Surgery of the ear and pinna. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:567–599, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
61. Lee J, Eom K, Seong Y, et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47(1):94–98, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
62. Little CJL, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the clinical and pathological features of cholesteatoma, a complication of otitis media. Vet Rec 128:319–322, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
63. London CA, Dubilzeig RR, Vail DM, et al: Evaluation of dogs and cats with tumors of the ear canal: 145 cases (1978–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 280(9):1413–1418, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
64. Marino DJ, MacDonald JM, Matthiesen DT, et al: Results of surgery and long-term follow-up in dogs with ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:560–563, 1993.
65. Marino DJ, MacDonald JM, Matthiesen DT, et al: Results of surgery in cats with ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:54–58, 1994.
66. Mason LK, Harvey CE, Orsher RJ: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy for end-stage otitis in dogs. Results in thirty dogs. Vet Surg 17(5):263–268, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
67. Mathews KG, Hardie EM, Murphy KM: Subtotal ear canal ablation in 18 dogs and one cat with minimal distal ear canal pathology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:371–380, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
68. Matousek JL: Diseases of the ear pinna. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:511–540, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
69. Matthiesen DT, Scavelli T: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in 38 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:257–267, 1990.
70. McCarthy PE, Hosgood G, Penchman RD: Traumatic ear canal separations and para-aural abscessation in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:419–424, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
71. McNabb AH, Flanders JA: Cosmetic results of a ventrally based advancement flap for closure of total ear canal ablations in 6 cats: 2002–2003. Vet Surg 33:435–439, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
72. Miller MA, Nelson SL, Turk JR, et al: Cutaneous neoplasia in 340 cats. Vet Pathol 28(5):389–395, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
73. Miller MA, Ramos JA, Kreeger JM: Cutaneous vascular neoplasia in 15 cats: clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical studies. Vet Pathol 29(4):329–336, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
74. Moisan PG, Watson GL: Ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats: a review of 124 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:449–453, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
75. Molander-McCrary H, Henry CJ, Potter K, et al: Cutaneous mast cell tumors in cats: 32 cases (1991–1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34(4):281–284, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
76. Nuttall TJ, Burrow R, Fraser I, Kipar A: Thrombo-ischaemic pinnal necrosis associated with fenbendazole treatment in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46(5):243–246, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
77. Oliveira LC, Leite CAL, Brilhante RSN, Carvalho CBM: Comparative study of the microbial profile from bilateral canine otitis externa. Can Vet J 49:785–788, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
78. Peaston AE, Leach MW, Higgins RJ: Photodynamic therapy for nasal and aural squamous cell carcinoma in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(8):1261–1265, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
79. Pratschke KM: Inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in 5 dogs. Vet Surg 32(3):292–296, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
80. Rogers KS: Tumors in the ear canal. Vet Clin Small Anim 18:859–868, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
81. Rohleder JJ, Jones CJ, Duncan RB, et al: Comparative performance of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of middle ear disease in 31 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:45–52, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
82. Romatowski J: Nonsurgical treatment of aural hematomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204(9):1318, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
83. Rosser EJ: Causes of otitis externa. Vet Clin Small Anim 34:459–468, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
84. Rosser EJ: Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203(2):259–262, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
85. Schmidt K, Piaia T, Bertolini G, De Lorenzi D: External auditory canal atresia of probable congenital origin in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 48(4):233–236, 2007.
86. Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE: Diseases of the eyelids, claws, anal sacs, and ear. In Muller and Kirk’s small animal dermatology, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders, pp 1204–1219.
87. Sharp NJH: Chronic otitis externa and media treated by total ear canal ablation and ventral bulla osteotomy in thirteen dogs. Vet Surg 19:162–166, 1990.
88. Siemmering GH: Resection of the vertical ear canal for treatment of chronic otitis externa. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 16:753, 1980.
89. Simpson D: Atresia of the external acoustic meatus in a dog. Aust Vet J 75(1):18–20, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
90. Smeak DD: Traumatic separation of the annular cartilage from the external auditory meatus in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(4):448–450, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
91. Smeak DD, Crocker CB, Birchard SJ: Treatment of recurrent otitis media that developed after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: nine cases (1986–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209(5):937–942, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
92. 91a. Smeak DD, DeHoff WD: Total ear canal ablation: clinical results in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 15:161, 1986.
92. Smeak DD, Inpanbutr N: Lateral approach to subtotal bulla osteotomy in dogs: pertinent anatomy and procedural details. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 27(5): 377–385; 2005.
93. Smeak DS: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. In Bojrab MJ, Ellison GW, Slocum B, editors: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 4, Baltimore, 1998, Williams & Wilkins, pp 102–109. PUBMED Abstract
94. Stell AJ, Dobson JM, Langmack K: Photodynamic therapy of feline superficial squamous cell carcinoma using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid. J Small Anim Pract 42(4):164–169, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
95. Swaim SF, Bradley DM: Evaluation of closed-suction drainage for treating auricular hematomas. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32(1):36–43, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
96. Sylvestre A: Potential factors affecting the outcome of dogs with a resection of the lateral wall of the vertical canal. Can Vet J 39(3):157–160, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
97. Théon AP, Barthez PY, Madewell BR, Griffey SM: Radiation therapy of ceruminous gland carcinomas in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205(4):566–569, 1994.
98. Tirgari M: Long-term evaluation of the pull-through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 29:165, 1988.
99. Tirgari M, Pinniger RS: Pull-through technique for vertical canal ablation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 27:123, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
100. Tivers MS, Brockman DJ: Separation of the auricular and annular cartilages: surgical repair technique and clinical use in dogs and cats. Vet Surg 38:349–354, 2009.
101. Toforoff RJ: Soft tissue surgery. In Holzworth J, editor: Diseases of the cat, Philadelphia, 1987, Saunders. PUBMED Abstract
102. Trower ND, Gregory SP, Renfrew GH, Lamb CR: Evaluation of the canine tympanic membrane by positive contrast ear canalography. Vet Rec 142:78–81, 1998.
103. Van der Gagg I: The pathology of the external ear canal in dogs and cats. Vet Q 8(4):307–317, 1986.
104. Venker van Haagen AJ: Diseases and surgery of the ear. In Sherding RG, editor: The cat: diseases and clinical management, vol 2, ed 2, New York, 1994, Churchill Livingston, 1994, pp 1999–2009.
105. White RAS, Pomeroy CJ: Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 31:547–553, 1990.
106. Williams JM, White RAS: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy in the cat. J Small Anim Pract 33:225–227, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
107. Wilson JW: Treatment of auricular haematoma, using a teat tube. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:1081–1083, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
108. Wolfe TM, Bateman SW, Cole LK, Smeak DD: Evaluation of a local anesthetic delivery system for the postoperative analgesic management of canine total ear canal ablation: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Vet Anaesth Analg 33:328–339, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
109. Yamasoba T, Tayama N, Kitamura K: Auricular hematoma: case report of ruptured othematoma and bibliographic review. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 93: 2028–2037, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
110. Yoshikawa H, Mayer MN, Linn KA, et al: A dog with squamous cell carcinoma in the middle ear. Can Vet J 49:877–879, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
111. Zur G: Bilateral ear canal neoplasia in three dogs. Vet Dermatol 16(4):276–280, 2005.
Chapter 123: Middle and Inner Ear
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38. Hammond GJ, Sullivan M, Weinrauch S, et al: A comparison of the rostrocaudal open mouth and rostro 10 degrees ventro-caudodorsal oblique radiographic views for imaging fluid in the feline tympanic bulla. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46(3):205, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
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43. Igarashi Y, Oka Y: Mucosal injuries following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(5):273, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
44. Igarashi Y, Oka Y: Vestibular ototoxicity following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(4):210, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
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46. Krahwinkel DJ, Pardo AD, Sims MH, et al: Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202(6):949, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
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48. Lane IF, Hall DG: Adenocarcinoma of the middle ear with osteolysis of the tympanic bulla in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201(3):463, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
49. Little CJ: Otitis media in the dog: a clinico-pathological study. PhD thesis, Bristol, UK, University of Bristol, 1988.
50. Little CJ, Lane JG: An evaluation of tympanometry, otoscopy and palpation for assessment of the canine tympanic membrane. Vet Rec 124(1):5, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
51. Little CJ, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the clinical and pathological features of cholesteatoma, a complication of otitis media. Vet Rec 128(14):319, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
52. Little CJ, Lane JG, Gibbs C, et al: Inflammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the pathology of otitis media. Vet Rec 128(17):403, 1991.
53. Little CJ, Pearson GR, Lane JG: Neoplasia involving the middle ear cavity of dogs. Vet Rec 124(3):54, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
54. London CA, Dubilzeig RR, Vail DM, et al: Evaluation of dogs and cats with tumors of the ear canal: 145 cases (1978–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 208(9):1413, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
55. Lucroy MD, Vernau KM, Samii VF, et al: Middle ear tumours with brainstem extension treated by ventral bulla osteotomy and craniectomy in two cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2(4):234, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
56. Mansfield PD, Steiss JE, Boosinger TR, Marshall AE: The effects of four, commercial ceruminolytic agents on the middle ear. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(6):479, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
57. Mason LK, Harvey CE, Orsher RJ: Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotomy for end-stage otitis in dogs. Results in thirty dogs. Vet Surg 17(5):263, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
58. McAnulty JF, Hattel A, Harvey CE: Wound healing and brain stem auditory evoked potentials after experimental ventral tympanic bulla osteotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 24(1):9, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
59. McCarthy PE, Hosgood G, Pechman RD: Traumatic ear canal separations and para-aural abscessation in three dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31(5):419, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
60. Mellema SM, Samii VF, Vernau KM, et al: Meningeal enhancement on magnetic imaging in 15 dogs and 3 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(1):10, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
61. Nuttall T, Cole LK: Evidence-based veterinary dermatology: a systematic review of interventions for treatment of Pseudomonas otitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 18(2):69, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
62. Owen MC, Lamb CR, Lu D, et al: Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45(2):149, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
63. Palmeiro BS, Morris DO, Wiemelt SP, et al: Evaluation of outcome of otitis media after lavage of the tympanic bulla and long-term antimicrobial drug treatment in dogs: 44 cases (1998–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 225(4):548, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
64. Pratschke KM: Inflammatory polyps of the middle ear in 5 dogs. Vet Surg 32(3):292, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
65. Rohleder JJ, Jones JC, Duncan RB, et al: Comparative performance of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of middle ear disease in 31 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47(1):45, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
66. Rusbridge C: Primary secretory otitis media in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Small Anim Pract 45(4):222, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
67. Smeak DD, Crocker CB, Birchard SJ: Treatment of recurrent otitis media that developed after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs: nine cases (1986–1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 209(5):937, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
68. Spangler EA, Dewey CW: Meningoencephalitis secondary to bacterial otitis media/interna in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36(3):239, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
69. Stern-Bertholtz W, Sjöström L, Håkanson NW: Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases. J Small Anim Pract 44(6):253, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
70. Strain GM: Aetiology, prevalence and diagnosis of deafness in dogs and cats. Br Vet J 152(1):17, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
71. Strain GM, Merchant SR, Neer TM, et al: Ototoxicity assessment of a gentamicin sulfate otic preparation in dogs. Am J Vet Res 56(4):532, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
72. Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Kortz GD, et al: Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and outcome after surgical and medical treatment of otogenic intracranial infection in 11 cats and 4 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 20(3):648, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
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74. Trower ND, Gregory SP, Renfrew H, et al: Evaluation of the canine tympanic membrane by positive contrast ear canalography. Vet Rec 142(4):78, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
75. Truy E, Disant F, Morgon A: Chronic tympanic membrane perforation: an animal model. Am J Otol 16(2):222, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
76. Vogel PL, Komtebedde J, Hirsh DC, et al: Wound contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria cultured during total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214(11):1641, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
77. White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, et al: Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract 50(7):364, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
78. Wildermuth BE, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS, et al: Susceptibility of Pseudomonas isolates from the ears and skin of dogs to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43(6):337, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
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SECTION XIV: Eye
Chapter 124: Basic Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures
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18. Chang SH, Lin AC: Effects of main lacrimal gland and third eyelid gland removal on the eye of dogs. J Chinese Soc Vet Sci 6:13, 1980.
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21. Collins BK, MacEwen EG, Dubielzig RR, et al: Idiopathic granulomatous disease with ocular adnexal and cutaneous involvement in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:313, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
22. Constantinescu GM, McClure RC: Anatomy of the orbital fasciae and the third eyelid in dogs. Am J Vet Res 51:260, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
23. Cook CS, Rosenkrantz W, Peiffer RL, et al: Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:505, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
24. D’Anna N, Sapienza JS, Guandalini A, et al: Use of a dermal biopsy punch for removal of ectopic cilia in dogs: 19 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 10:65, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
25. Donaldson D, Sansom J, Adams V: Canine limbal melanoma: 30 cases (1992–2004). Part 2. Treatment with lamellar resection and adjunctive strontium-90 beta plesiotherapy-efficacy and morbidity. Vet Ophthalmol 9:179, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
26. Dugan SJ, Severin GA, Hungerford LL, et al: Clinical and histologic evaluation of the prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1861, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
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30. Gardiner CH, Dick EJ, Meininger AC, et al: Onchocerciasis in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:828, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
31. Gelatt KN: Eversion of the nictitating membranes. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 65:674, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
32. Gelatt KN: Surgical correction of everted nictitating membrane in the dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 67:291, 1972. PUBMED Abstract
33. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Handbook of small animal ophthalmic surgery, ed 1, Oxford, UK, 1994, Pergamon.
34. Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP: Small animal ophthalmic surgery: practical techniques for the veterinarian, ed 1, New York, 2001, Butterworth Heinemann.
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38. Gilger BC, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA: Modified lateral orbitotomy for removal of orbital neoplasms in two dogs. Vet Surg 23:53, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
39. Gilger BC, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA, et al: Canine corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Am J Vet Res 52:1570, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
40. Gilger BC, Wright JC, Whitley RD, et al: Corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry in cats. Am J Vet Res 54:228, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
41. Gionfriddo JR, Krohne SG, Powell CC, et al: Idiopathic ocular and nasal granulomatous inflammatory disease in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 6:163, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
42. Giuliano EA, Moore CP: Diseases and surgery of the lacrimal secretory system. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 633.
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44. Grahn BH, Wolfer J: Diagnostic ophthalmology. Can Vet J 34:509, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
45. Gum GG, Gelatt KN, Esson DW: Physiology of the eye. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 149.
46. Gwin RM, Gelatt KN, Peiffer RL Jr: Ophthalmic nodular fasciitis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 170:611, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
47. Hamor RE, Roberts SM, Severin GA: Use of orbital implants after enucleation in dogs, horses, and cats: 161 cases (1980–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 203:701, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
48. Hamor RE, Whitley RD, McLaughlin SA, et al: Intraocular silicone prostheses in dogs: a review of the literature and 50 new cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:66, 1994.
49. Hansen PA, Guandalini A: A retrospective study of 30 cases of frozen lamellar corneal graft in dogs and cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2:233, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
50. Harvey CE, Koch SA, Rubin LF: Orbital cyst with conjunctival fistula in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 153:1432, 1968. PUBMED Abstract
51. Hazra S, De D, Roy B, et al: Use of ketamine, xylazine, and diazepam anesthesia with retrobulbar block for phacoemulsification in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 11:255, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
52. Helper LC, Magrane WG, Koehm J, et al: Surgical induction of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 165:172, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
53. Hendrix DV, Gelatt KN: Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of orbital neoplasia in dogs: a retrospective study of 44 cases. J Small Anim Pract 41:105, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
54. Hunt GB: Use of the lip-to-lid flap for replacement of the lower eyelid in five cats. Vet Surg 35:284, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
55. Kafarnik C, Fritsche J, Reese S: Corneal innervation in mesocephalic and brachycephalic dogs and cats: assessment using in vivo confocal microscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 11:363, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
56. Kaswan RL, Martin CL: Surgical correction of third eyelid prolapse in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:83, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
57. Kaswan RL, Martin CL, Chapman WLJ: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: histopathologic study of nictitating membrane and lacrimal glands from 28 dogs. Am J Vet Res 45:112, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
58. Kaswan RL, Salisbury MA, Ward DA: Spontaneous canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A useful model for human keratoconjunctivitis sicca: treatment with cyclosporine eye drops. Arch Ophthalmol 107:1210, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
59. Kern TJ: Orbital neoplasia in 23 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:489, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
60. Komnenou A, Egyed Z, Sreter T, et al: Canine onchocercosis in Greece: report of further 20 cases and molecular characterization of the parasite and its Wolbachia endosymbiont. Vet Parasitol 118:151, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
61. Krehbiel JD, Langham RF: Eyelid neoplasms of dogs. Am J Vet Res 36:115, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
62. Kuhns EL: Correction of eversion of the membrana nictitans in the dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 72:411, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
63. Kuhns EL: Oral mucosal grafts for membrana nictitans replacement. Mod Vet Pract 58:768, 1977. PUBMED Abstract
64. Kuhns EL: Reconstruction of canine membrane nictitans with an autograft. Mod Vet Pract 62:697, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
65. Kuhns EL: Replacement of canine membrana nictitans with a lip graft. Mod Vet Pract 62:773, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
66. La Croix NC, van der Woerdt A, Olivero DK: Nonhealing corneal ulcers in cats: 29 cases (1991–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:733–735, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
67. Latimer CA, Wyman M, Szymanski C, et al: Azathioprine in the management of fibrous histiocytoma in two dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:155, 1983.
68. Lavach JD, Severin GA, Roberts SM: Dacryocystitis in dogs: a review of twenty-two cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:463, 1984.
69. Lin CT, Hu CK, Liu CH, et al: Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases. J Vet Med Sci 69:847, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
70. Malhotra R: Deep orbital Sub-Q restylane (nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid) for orbital volume enhancement in sighted and anophthalmic orbits. Arch Ophthalmol 125:1623, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
71. Mane MC, Vives MA, Barrera R, et al: Results and histological development of various surgical techniques for correcting eversion of the third eyelid in dogs. Histol Histopathol 5:415, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
72. Martin CL: Canine epibulbar melanomas and their management. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:83, 1981.
73. Martin CL: Everted membrana nictitans in German Shorthaired Pointers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 157:1229, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
74. Martin CL: Eyelids. In Martin CL, editor: Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine, ed 1, London, 2004, Manson Publishing, p 145.
75. Martin CL: Orbital mucocele in a dog. Vet Med Sm Anim Clin 66:36, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
76. Melmed C, Shelton GD, Bergman R, et al: Masticatory muscle myositis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26:590, 2004.
77. Miller WW: Using polysulfated glycosaminoglycan to treat persistent corneal erosions in dogs. Vet Med 91:916, 1996.
78. Millichamp NJ, Spencer CP: Orbital varix in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:56, 1991.
79. Moore CP, Constantinescu GM: Surgery of the adnexa. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:1011, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
80. Moore CP, Frappier BL, Linton LL: Distribution and course of ducts of the canine third eyelid gland: effects of two surgical replacement techniques. Vet Compar Ophthalmol 6:258, 1996.
81. Moore CP, Frappier BL, Linton LL: Effects of two surgical replacement techniques on excretory ducts of normal canine third eyelid glands. Proc Am Coll Vet Ophthalmol 25:25, 1994.
82. Moore CP, Wilsman NJ, Nordheim EV, et al: Density and distribution of canine conjunctival goblet cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Science 28:1925, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
83. Morgan RV, Abrams KL: A comparison of six different therapies for persistent corneal erosions in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 4:38, 1991.
84. Morgan RV, Abrams KL: Topical administration of cyclosporine for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1043, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
85. Morgan RV, Duddy JM, McClurg K: Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid in dogs: a retrospective study of 89 cases (1980–1990). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:56, 1993.
86. Mughannam AJ, Reinke JD: Two cosmetic techniques for enucleation using a periorbital flap. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:308, 1994.
87. Munger RJ, Carter JD: A further modification of the Kuhnt-Szymanowski procedure for correction of atonic ectropion in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:651, 1984.
88. Murphy CJ, Bellhorn RW, Buyukmihci NC: Bilateral conjunctival masses in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:225, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
89. Murphy CJ, Pollock RVH: The eye. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, p 1009.
90. Noller C, Henninger W, Gronemeyer DH, et al: Computed tomography—anatomy of the normal feline nasolacrimal drainage system. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:53, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
91. Nuyttens JJ, Simoens PJ: Morphologic study of the musculature of the third eyelid in the cat (Felis catus). Lab Anim Sci 45:561, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
92. Nykamp SG, Scrivani PV, Pease AP: Computed tomography dacryocystography evaluation of the nasolacrimal apparatus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:23, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
93. O’Brien M, Withrow SJ, Straw R, et al: Total and partial orbitectomy for the treatment of periorbital tumors in 24 dogs and 6 cats: a retrospective study. Vet Surg 25:471, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
94. Olivero DK, Davidson MG, English RV, et al: Clinical evaluation of 1% cyclosporine for topical treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1039, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
95. Ozgencil FE: A new electroepilation technique for the treatment of distichiasis. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 44:159, 1997.
96. Patnaik AK, Mooney S: Feline melanoma: a comparative study of ocular, oral and dermal neoplasms. Vet Pathol 25:105, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
97. Paulsen ME, Lavach JD, Snyder SP, et al: Nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis in dogs: 19 cases (1973–1985). J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:1581, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
98. Pavletic MM, Nafe LA, Confer AW: Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid restoration in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:921, 1982. PUBMED Abstract
99. Pellicane CP, Meek LA, Brooks DE, et al: Eyelid reconstruction in five dogs by the semicircular flap technique. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 4:93, 1994.
100. Peña Gimenez MT, Fariña IM: Lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum. Vet Ophthalmol 1:163, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
101. Peruccio C: Surgical correction of prominent third eyelid in the dog. Calif Vet 35:24, 1981.
102. Plummer CE, Kälberg KN, Gelatt JP: Intranictitans tacking for replacement of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 11:228, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
103. Prince JH, Diesem CD, Eglitis I, et al: Anatomy and histology of the eye and orbit in domestic animals, ed 1, Springfield, IL, 1960, CC Thomas.
104. Quinn AJ: Surgical procedures of the membrana nictitans. In Bojrab MJ, editor: Current techniques in small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1990, Lea & Febiger, p 82.
105. Radi ZA, Miller DL, Hines ME: B-cell conjunctival lymphoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 7:413, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
106. Ramsey DT, Fox DB: Surgery of the orbit. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:1215, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
107. Read RA: Treatment of canine nictitans plasmacytic conjunctivitis with 0.2 per cent cyclosporine ointment. J Small Anim Pract 36:50, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
108. Roberts SM, Bistner SI: Surgical correction of eyelid agenesis: an improved surgical technique designed to enable lid closure. Mod Vet Pract 49:40, 1968.
109. Robertson BF, Roberts SM: Lateral canthus entropion in the dog, part 2: surgical correction. Results and follow-up from 21 cases. Vet Comp Ophthalmol 5:162, 1995.
110. Rubin LF, Aguirre G: Clinical use of pilocarpine for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:313, 1967. PUBMED Abstract
111. Salisbury MA, Kaswan RL, Ward DA, et al: Topical application of cyclosporine in the management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:269, 1990.
112. Samuelson DA: Ophthalmic anatomy. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 37.
113. Schlegel T, Brehm H, Amselgruber WM: The cartilage of the third eyelid: a comparative macroscopical and histological study in domestic animals. Ann Anat 183:165, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
114. Schoofs SH: Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid in a cat: a case report and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:240, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
115. Severin GA: Severin’s veterinary ophthalmology notes, ed 3, Ft Collins, CO, 1996, Veterinary Ophthalmology Notes.
116. Singh A, Cullen CL, Gelens H, et al: Diagnostic ophthalmology. Left dacryocystitis with naso-lacrimal duct obstruction. Can Vet J 45:953, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
117. Slatter D: Fundamentals of veterinary ophthalmology, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1990, Saunders.
118. Sreter T, Szell Z, Egyed Z, et al: Ocular onchocercosis in dogs: a review. Vet Rec 151:1760, 2002.
119. Stades FC, Gelatt KN: Diseases and surgery of the canine eyelid. In Gelatt KN, editor: Veterinary ophthalmology, ed 4, Ames, IA, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 563.
120. Stanley RG, Hardman C, Johnson BW: Results of grid keratotomy, superficial keratectomy and debridement for the management of persistent corneal erosions in 92 dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 1:233, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
121. Stanley RG, Kaswan RL: Modification of the orbital rim anchorage method for surgical replacement of the gland of the third eyelid in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1412, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
122. Sullivan TC, Nasisse MP, Davidson MG, et al: Photocoagulation of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1989–1993). J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:891, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
123. Swinger RL, Schmidt KA Jr, Carastro SM: A modified subconjunctival enucleation technique in dogs and cats. Vet Med 104:20, 2009.
124. Tay E, Olver J: Intraorbital hyaluronic acid for enophthalmos. Ophthalmology 115:1101, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
125. Wang AL, Ledbetter EC, Kern TJ: Orbital abscess bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in dogs and cats. Vet Ophthalmol 12:91, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
126. Wheeler CA, Blanchard GL, Davidson HJ: Cryosurgery for treatment of recurrent proliferative keratoconjunctivitis in five dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:354, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
127. Wheeler CA, Severin GA: Cryosurgical epilation for the treatment of distichiasis in the dog and cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 20:877, 1984.
128. Wilcock B, Peiffer RL Jr: Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid in seven dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1549, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
129. Wilkie DA, Wolf ED: Treatment of epibulbar melanocytoma in a dog, using full-thickness eyewall resection and synthetic graft. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1019, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
130. Williams DL: Extraocular myositis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 38:347, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
131. Wolfer JC: Correction of eyelid coloboma in four cats using subdermal collagen and a modified Stades technique. Vet Ophthalmol 5:269, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
Chapter 125: Emergency Ophthalmic Surgery
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