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Like a Girl…Like a boy…Gender: ________________________, fixed by genes _______________birthGender roles: What is appropriate by society’s ______________ & ____________________; how someone ___________________behaveGender stereotypes: _________________ and ______________________ behaviors Physical DifferencesFemalesMalesPrimary sex characteristics: Without them, procreation can’t happen (reproductive _______________)Secondary sext characteristics: Not necessary for procreation (controlled by ________________________)Cognitive AbilitiesFemalesMalesPersonality & Behavior DifferenceFemalesMalesCommunication StylesFemalesMalesMate SelectionFemalesMalesTrue or False_____ Only males have testosterone._____ Primary sex characteristics are predetermined by genes before birth. _____ Only males tend to get college degrees in math & science._____ Men usually demonstrate more aggressive behaviors than women._____ Women tend to be more talkative than men._____ The qualities men look for in a potential mate are different from the qualities women look for.Gender TypingTheories that explain gender role developmentAround age _________, children begin to develop ideas about male & female ___________________Biological Views: GeneticsGenes for specific traits have been passed to _______________________generationsHighly controversial, some people don’t think _________________predetermines how someone will behaveGenes are responsible for ________________________(strengths) but not complex _________________________ (aggression)Biological Views: HormonesThe specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain is known as___________________________________ and in influenced by sex hormones during ___________________ developmentTestosterone leads to larger growth in the _____________________hemisphere with is related to ________________________ tasks (which is a male characteristic)Psychological Views: Psychoanalytic Theory_____________________________ argues that at a young age, children seek attention from the opposite sex parentHe also argues that gender typing doesn’t develop until age _________, however some research says that girls aged 1-3 prefer soft and doll like toys and boys prefer hard transportation toys.Psychological Views: Social-Learning TheoryGender is developed through _________________________ & ___________________Reinforcement: Behaviors that have favorable consequences; when a behavior is ________________ it is _________________Parents reacting ___________________________for children playing with gender appropriate toys; Dad’s approving boys playing with tools but not dollsModeling: Learning from ________________________ & ______________________Girls tend to imitate mother’s behaviors and boys imitate father’sPsychological Views: Gender-Schema TheoryGender schema: Cluster of _________________ qualities, behaviors, and ____________________ traits associated with one sex or another.Once a child realizes his/her gender, they seek information related to their gender and respond how they think they should based off of ________________________________expectation.Why do you think gender roles were more distinct in the past than they are today?Variation of Gender Roles Through TimeIn the past, women were expected to be __________________________ & ______________________and men were ___________________ & _______________________________.Change has taken place over the last several decades, mainly for ________________________ reasonsMany _________________________________ momsCan’t afford lifestyle off of just__________________________incomeReverses roles; men stay homeCultural Variations1930’s, _________________________________ studied three tribes from __________________________:MundugumorArapeshTchambuliRead the articles on pages 369 & 375 and answer the questions for each article below: ................
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