Social Studies 11:



Social Studies 11:

Unit5 – Chapter Five -Canada and World War II

Reparations Money paid by defeated nation as compensation for damages to civilians and property during war. Set off inflation that led to economic ruin in Germany.

Adolf Hitler Profited from Germany’s desperate search for solutions, he told Germany he would tear up the hated Treaty of Versailles, and he would get Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland back.

Beer Hall Putsch Hitler’s first step of trying to seize control of the Bavarian government, November 1923. Putsch failed, and Hitler was jailed, but the putsch won him nationwide attention.

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) A book that Hitler wrote while he was in prison. It set out the goals that rallied the German nation. He claimed that “Aryans” (Germans) were a master race.

Lebensraum “living space.” Hitler called for more living space for the German people.

Anschluss The unification of Austria and Germany. Hitler demanded Anschluss.

Chancellor Chief Minister of state in Germany. In 1933 Hitler became the chancellor and took the title of “der Fuhrer (the leader).” This marked the end of the German democratic republic and the start of the Nazi “Reich.”

Fascism System of government that is based on strongly centralized powers and that permits no opposition of criticism. Founded in Italy under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce,” the leader.

Axis Powers Italian and German alliance 1939, later joined by Japan in 1940.

Isolationism The policy of avoiding participation in international affairs or alliances with other nations.

Demilitarized Free from military control. March 1936, Hitler marched his troops into the demilitarized Rhineland.

Neville Chamberlain British Prime Minister, 1937.

Appeasement Chamberlain favored this idea to prevent another war. Germany’s needs could be satisfied.

Munich Agreement Hitler solemnly agreed to the terms, and delighted, Chamberlain returned to London to announce the agreement reached in Munich. “Peace in our time”.

Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 Pact promising not to go to war against each other and secretly agreed to divide Poland between them.

Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” A revolutionary style of hard fast warfare based on a surprise attack.

Sitzkrieg or “Phoney war” calm before the blitzkrieg of April, 1940.

Miracle of Dunkirk Prevented Hitler from winning the war before the end of May 1940. 340,000 soldiers rescued by a makeshift flotilla that sailed across the English Channel.

Canadian Merchant Navy

Convoy Ships Merchant navy ships that travel in a group and are protected from enemy attack by naval escort ships or air force planes. Attacked by German U-boat (submarine) teams called “wolf packs.”

WRCN Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service

RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force

BCATP British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Under the plan, air crews were to be brought to Canada from all over the Commonwealth for training as pilots, navigators, air gunners, bombardiers, and wireless operators. Cost $2.2 billion of which Canada paid 70%.

Black out A turning out of lights of a city from being seen at night, as a protective measure against an air raid in wartime.

Treason The crime of working for the enemies of a nation or of trying to overthrow a nation’s government by illegal means.

War Measures Act A law passed in 1914 giving the federal government sweeping emergency powers in time of war, invasion, or rebellion. It severely limits the freedoms of Canadians.

Rationing established in 1942 to control consumption of goods

Defense of Canada Regulations Rules proclaimed in 1939 under the War Measures Act, giving the government wide-ranging powers to control dissent and to protect Canada against its enemies.

Japanese Internment Canada sent Japanese people away to work camps because they were scared the Japanese would turn on them. The Canadian Government took away the Japanese’s possessions and sent them away. Most families were broken up, children and women were sent to different camps than the men.

National Selective Service

(NSS) Government created service to tell Canadian workers about the industries in which their labour was most needed. If workers took jobs without NSS approval, they could be fined $500 and jailed a year.

C.D. Howe the cabinet minister in charge of industrial production.

Dollar-a-year men Howe turned to top business people across Canada for help in meeting wartime production demands. He asked them to take a “holiday” from work and to become civil servants until the war ended. They got their name because of the token salary paid by the government.

Department of Munitions

and Supplies Given new powers over private enterprise it could tell businesses what to produce, where to sell their products, and even when to deliver them. If a business refused to cooperate, the department could take over the plant and schedule production itself.

Hyde Park Declaration Mackenzie King said, Canada’s foreign-exchange problem would disappear if the U.S. bought products from Canadian industries worth roughly as much as the products that Canada was buying in the U.S. The declaration marked the beginning of a new era of close economic ties between Canada and the United States.

James Ilsley A Nova Scotia lawyer who was put in charge of Canada’s financial affairs.

Inflation An increase in the price of goods or services. Usually described in percentages.

Wartime prices and Trade Board

(WPTB) November, 1941, froze all prices and wages to prevent inflation. Also decided who could buy scarce goods.

Unemployment insurance A federal program introduced in Canada in 1940 to provide financial support for unemployed workers.

The Bren Girl The female war worker appeared on billboards almost as often as the Canadian soldier did.

National Resources Mobilization

Act (NRMA) It let the government call out every man in Canada for military training for the defense of Canada. Men could be conscripted and trained as soldiers, but only for home defense within the borders of Canada.

“Zombies” men conscripted for home duty that refused to fight in Europe.

Plebiscite federal referendums open to all Canadian voters.

April 27, 1942 – King was freed from his pledge against conscription but it created conscription crisis.

Operation Sea Lion The code name for the invasion of Britain. Called for the landing of 25 divisions along the south coast of England and a quick thrust forward to take London.

Battle of Britain Happened on July 10, 1940. Hitler let loose an air attack, the German Luftwaffe, on the British.

Flak Anti-aircraft fire from guns directed at enemy combat planes.

Squadrons The basic tactical units of the air force.

Ruhr An important mining and industrial region in Germany centered on the Ruhr River Valley.

Incendiary Bombs Specially adapted bombs used for setting property on fire.

Operation Barbarossa Hitler launched a massive attack on the Soviet Union, June 22, 1941. He code-named this attack Operation Barbarossa.

Pearl Harbor Japanese lead a surprise attack on American navy a port in Hawaii, it lasted for two hours on December 7, 1941. It led to the United States declaring war.

December 8, 1941, Hong Kong Japan launched attack. After seventeen days every Canadian soldier in Hong Kong had either been killed or captured.

Battle of Dieppe August, 1942, 5000 Canadian troops stationed in England were picked for a raid on the French port of Dieppe. The raid was launched to find out what was needed to make a full-scale Allied invasion across the English channel a success; also to draw German forces away from the Russian front. Defeat of Canadian soldiers: 1000 Canadians died. 500 wounded, 2000 captured and became prisoners.

Bernard Montgomery His troops defeated the Afrika Korps of Erwin Rommel, the “Desert Fox.”

Ortona A Italian town situated on cliffs above the Adriatic Sea. Canadian forces captured Ortona but losses were high in a very difficult battle.

Sherman Tank A U.S-made tank commonly used in World War II.

D-day, June 6, 1944. 30 000 Canadian fought on D-day. It was the day scheduled for the Allied invasion of Europe. Troops landed on Normandy and Juno Beach.

Holocaust The genocide of six million Jews by the Nazis during World War II.

Anti-Semitism hatred of Jews.

Wannsee Conference SS officials met to work out the details of the Endlosung, “the final solution of the Jewish problem.” After this Nazis began to step up the construction of huge gas chambers at specially constructed death camps.

Kamikaze attacks Japanese pilots flying suicide missions.

Manhattan Project American government formed this top secret project to work on the invention of the atomic bomb. President Harry Truman believed that the atomic bomb could force Japan to surrender.

Hiroshima Japan’s seventh largest city. On August 6, 1945 an American. B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped the first atomic bomb (“Little Boy”) on the city at 8:15 a.m.

Nagasaki August 9th 1945 the second atomic bomb (“Fat Man”) was dropped on the Japanese city. Another 40 000 people were killed.

Veteran After WWII the Canadian government set up a program to re-introduce soldiers back into civilian life, this involved education grants, low interest mortgages, and other incentives to avoid the unrest of the post WWI period.

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