UNIT 9 TEST



UNIT 9 TEST STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

WORLD WAR II AND THE COLD WAR

World War II

1. What caused World War II?

The failed Treaty of Versailles, the rise of dictators in Germany, Italy, and Japan, the international debt tangle, nationalism, etc.

2. When did it begin and what event transpired to start the war?

WW2 officially began when Germany invaded Poland in September of 1939.

3. What was the impact of the American Lend-Lease program?

This allowed America to help out its allies without officially becoming involved in the war; however, Hitler took this as an economic declaration of war. It also gave the President a deal power to decide who would be granted aid from America. This helped put Americans back get back to work manufacturing war materials.

4. How did the U.S. become officially involved in WWII? Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, HI, on Dec. 7. 1941.

5. What is the significance of the date December 7, 1941? That was the date “which will live in infamy”—Japan attacked America in Pearl Harbor, HI.

Social Events:

6. What was the experience of most African-Americans during the war?

They migrated to the North to take factory jobs, just as they had in WWI. Also, many men served in armed forces, but in segregated units.

7. What did women like “Rosie the Riveter” do for the war effort? Women went to work in great numbers manufacturing weapons and other supplies for the war.

8. What was Executive Order 9066? This was President Roosevelt’s order to intern Japanese – Americans on the West Coast into camps in the western deserts. German Americans and Italian Americans were also interred.

9. What was the decision in the case of Korematsu v. U.S.? The Supreme Court found for the U.S. in this case; which meant that Japanese-Americans remained in the camps until the war ended.

10. What action did civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph force FDR to take during WWII? He threatened a march on Washington unless FDR opposed racial discrimination in government hiring practices. FDR ordered that discrimination be stopped when hiring black men and women for war efforts.

Mobilization for War

11. What was the strength of the Allied powers in 1941? Tremendous production capacity

12. How did mobilizing for war affect the U.S. economy? It ended the Great Depression and reduced the unemployment rate. The economy in the South grew.

13. What was the purpose of the War Production Board? To speed up production efforts for the war and to make factories more efficient

Battles/Places

14. Battle of Midway—turned back the Japanese threat to Hawaii

15. D-Day—June 6, 1944—American and other allied forces landed on the beaches of Normandy in a drive toward Germany to meet the Soviets and crush Hitler’s Army-greatest amphibious invasion ever under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower

16. Berlin—the fall of Berlin led Hitler to commit suicide and for Germany to surrender to the Allies in May of 1945

17. Iwo Jima, Okinawa—“island –hopping”—these battles demonstrate Japan’s refusal to surrender

18. Los Alamos, NM--where the atomic bomb research (Manhattan Project) was conducted

People to know

19. General Dwight D. Eisenhower—Supreme Allied commander of Eastern Theatre; commanded D-Day invasion

20. Franklin D. Roosevelt-president during WW2

21. General Courtney Hodges—Perry native who took the troops into Germany after D-Day

22. Joseph McCarthy—Wisconsin senator who accused individuals in the State Department and Hollywood of being communists; was a Communist hunter

23. Harry S. Truman-US president who decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan and also conducted the Korean War; fired MacArthur

24. General Douglas Mac Arthur—Commander of the Pacific Theatre during WW2, recaptured Philippine Islands—led Japan after WW2—fired during Korean War by Truman

25. Joseph Stalin-Communist leader of the U.S.S.R

26. Mao Zedong—Communist leader of China

Legacy of the War:

*300,000 dead

*quantum physics/atomic bomb (Manhattan Project)

*sonar, radar

*computers

*penicillin/antibiotics

*dehydrated foods

*United Nations

*U.S. becomes a superpower

*fear of nuclear annihilation, genocide

*vulcanized rubber, plastics

The Cold War

27. What is the Truman Doctrine? The idea that the U.S. would opposed the spread of communism in Eastern Europe; it must be contained

28. For what did the Marshall Plan provide? $12.5 billion worth of aid to Western Europe to rebuild after WW2; very successful because the US needed a strong and free W.E.—if we had not done this W.E. might have gone under the Communist thumb

29. What is containment? The policy to keep communism from spreading…why US fought war in Korea and later, Vietnam

30. What is the domino theory? The idea if one nation goes communist, the others around it will as well. Which two wars were fought because of it? Korea & Vietnam

31. What is the spark that started the Korean War? North Korea invaded S. K. in 1950 because they wanted to unite the whole peninsula under a communist regime

32. What are “satellite nations”? nations that are dominated by a larger country; in this case, Eastern European nations like Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, etc. were under Soviet domination

33. Who launched the Sputnik satellite into space? The Soviets

34. What was the reaction to Sputnik by the American public? NASA was created as well as more rigorous academic programs (like AP) in the schools. The “space race” began.

35. Why was it necessary to have “duck and cover” drills in U.S. public schools? To make American school children feel prepared in the event of an atomic bomb attack; gave them a VERY false sense of security

36. What was the focus of McCarthyism? To root out suspected communists in the state department as well as Hollywood

37. What was the purpose behind the National Interstate and Defense Highway Act? To improve transportation efficiency and to ensure that the US was militarily prepared

38. What is NATO? An alliance between the U.S. and several other nations to team up in the event of an attack on one of the member nations. (NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION)

SOCIAL HISTORY: the 1950’s

39. Which president ordered the desegregation of the U.S. military? Truman

40. Which court case declared segregation in public schools to be illegal? Brown vs. BOE of Topeka, KS

41. Why is Jackie Robinson important to the idea of equality? He was the first black man to play a sport for a major league team; in this case, baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers; he is credited with breaking the color barrier

42. What is significant about “Levittown”? This was an example of mass-produced suburban housing created to fit the needs of post-World War II baby boomers

43. What was the impact of television on politics? It became important to present oneself well on TV (look and sound good—this played out in the debates between presidential candidates Kennedy and Nixon in 1960) Civil rights? The images of Southern racism and oppression such as turning firehoses on protestors and unleashing dogs on them as well were beamed to the entire world—it helped to push the Civil Rights movement forward.

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