The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer’s ... - DTIC

The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat

A Monograph by

MAJ Erich Schnee, P.E. US Army

School of Advanced Military Studies US Army Command and General Staff College

Fort Leavenworth, KS 2018

Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Form Approved 0MB No. 0704-0188

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

24-05-2018

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Master's Thesis

JUL 2017 - MAY 2018

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

MAJ Erich Schnee, P.E.

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2301

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Advanced Military Studies Program

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT

The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat makes the assertion that the US Army and the US Army Engineer Regiment requires retraining and reeducation on the employment of combat engineers in sustained ground combat. The employment of the combat engineers in counterinsurgency operations during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom focused on an engineer centric approach to mobility operations in lieu of a combined arms approach practiced in sustained ground combat. This monograph conducted a comprehensive examination of the employment of German combat engineers in mobility operations during the Second World War, to demonstrate that the engineer centric approach to mobility operations is insufficient when conducting sustained ground combat. The monograph concludes that the combat engineer, when employed in a combined arms approach, are highly versatile formations that maintain friendly tempo while disrupting enemy tempo, prevent culmination while initiating enemy culmination, and extend the operational reach of friendly forces.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

US Army; US Army Engineer Regiment; German; Wehrmacht; Pionier; Mobility; Case Yellow; Case Blue; Fort Eben Emael; Sedan; Stalingrad; Large Scale Combat Operations

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

17. LIMITATION OF

a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE

ABSTRACT

(U)

(U)

(U)

(U)

18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

OF PAGES

MAJ Erich Schnee

19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code)

46

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

Monograph Approval Page

Name of Candidate: MAJ Erich Schnee, P.E.

Monograph Title:

The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment

During Sustained Ground Combat

Approved by:

__________________________________, Monograph Director Mark T. Calhoun, PhD

__________________________________, Seminar Leader Eric M. Remoy, COL

___________________________________, Director, School of Advanced Military Studies James C. Markert, COL

Accepted this 24th day of May 2018 by:

___________________________________, Director, Graduate Degree Programs Robert F. Baumann, PhD

The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Army Command and General Staff College or any other government agency. (References to this study should include the foregoing statement.)

Fair use determination or copyright permission has been obtained for the inclusion of pictures, maps, graphics, and any other works incorporated into this manuscript. A work of the United States Government is not subject to copyright, however further publication or sale of copyrighted images is not permissible.

ii

Abstract

The German Pionier: Case Study of the Combat Engineer's Employment During Sustained Ground Combat, by MAJ Erich Schnee, P.E., US Army, 46 pages. In February 2016, Chief of Staff of the Army General Mark Milley formally directed a shift of training focus of the US Army from counterinsurgency to sustained ground combat operations by directing "a focus on readiness levels to conduct sustained ground combat in a full spectrum environment against a highly lethal hybrid threat or near-peer adversary." For the US Army Engineer Regiment this means a return to mobility focused operations based on combined arms maneuver (such as the combined arms breach and river crossing operations) from the route clearance centric mobility operations that dominated the combat engineer's mission set during the Global War on Terrorism. To accomplish Milley's directed shift in readiness focus, the US Army Engineer Regiment must regain its proficiency in major ground combat operations. Beginning with individual soldier tasks and progressing up the echelons to collective combined arms training. Simultaneously, the Engineer Regiment and other supported or supporting branches of the US Army require retraining on the capabilities and proper employment of combat engineers. This monograph seeks to explore historical case studies of German combat engineers (Pioniere) during the Second World War employed in major combat operations against a peer or near-peer adversary. To provide relative, meaningful, and actionable insights on the future employment of combat engineers, this monograph analyzes the experiences of the Pioniere through the lens of the modern American concept of operational art to align them with current concepts. By applying these concepts to the evidence supplied by the case studies shows that during sustained ground combat with a peer or near-peer adversary, combat engineers are highly versatile formations that when properly employed can maintain friendly forces tempo while disrupting enemy tempo, preventing the culmination of friendly forces while initiating enemy culmination, and extending the operational reach of friendly forces. Published works, memoirs of participants, and historical studies of the selected case studies provide most of the evidence for this monograph. Additionally, current US Army doctrinal publications focused on operational art provide the evaluation criteria.

iii

Contents

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ v German Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................... vi Illustrations ................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 4

The Combat Engineer.................................................................................................................. 4 Combat Engineer Core Competencies..................................................................................... 5

The German Pionier .................................................................................................................... 6 Mission .................................................................................................................................... 7 Organization ............................................................................................................................ 8 Equipment ............................................................................................................................... 9 Training ................................................................................................................................. 10

Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 11 Case Studies of Mobility ............................................................................................................... 13

Gap Crossing ? The Meuse: May 1940 ..................................................................................... 13 Armee Gruppe B ? Maastricht & Fort Eben Emael............................................................... 16 Armee Gruppe A ? Sedan ...................................................................................................... 21 Conclusion ? The Meuse ....................................................................................................... 29

Assaulting Fortified Positions ? Stalingrad: October to November 1942 ................................. 30 Phase I - The Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory........................................................................... 34 Phase II ? The Barrikady Gun Factory.................................................................................. 37 Conclusion ? Stalingrad ........................................................................................................ 41

Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Conclusions / Recommendations .................................................................................................. 45 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 47

iv

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download