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Each of the following sections contains relevant terms and questions to guide your studies for the upcoming unit test. Be able to not only identify the terms listed, but to be able to analyze their significance within the appropriate context.

Early Christianity and Byzantine Art

Works to Know:

Catacomb of Priscilla (3 images)

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis (2 images)

San Vitale (5 images)

Hagia Sophia

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

Terms to Know:

Graven images

Votive offerings

St. Augustine

abstraction

mystery cults

symbolism

basilica

apse

nave

ambulatory / aisle

narthex

tufa

catacomb

fresco

sacrament

Eucharist / communion

Diocletian

Division of empire

476 CE

Byzantine Empire

Justinian

Theodora

Formulaic images

“Greek style” vs. “Roman style”

Icon

Mosaic

Tesserae

Constantinople

Nika riots

Hagia Sophia

Greek cross plan

pendentives

Guiding Questions:

1. What were some common symbols used in Early Christian art? Explain their meanings and interpretations. Why would it be necessary for early Christian populations to develop such a complex iconography?

2. Explain the transition from the realistic representative style of Roman art to the more abstracted, formulaic style used by early Byzantine artists. Why move away from using techniques to show depth of field, perspective, etc.?

3. What challenges structural challenges existed in the creation of the Hagia Sophia?

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Early Migration, and Insular Period Christian Art in Western Europe

Works to Know:

Santa Sabina (3 images)

Merovingian looped fibulae.

Lindisfarne Gospels (3 images)

Bayeux Tapestry (2 images)

Terms to Know:

Migration period

Germanic tribes

Status symbol art

cloisonné

metalurgy

enamel

cabochon gemstones

garnet cloisonné

Merovingians

fibulae

crossbow style

zoomorphic shapes

silver gilt

British Isles

monasticism

Hiberno-Saxon style

Interlace decoration

Illuminated manuscripts

vellum

scribe

illuminator

carpet page

psalters

Gospels

marginalia

Book of Kells

Contortion of fit

embroidery

Norman conquest

Bishop Odo

Guiding Questions

1. Why is insular art so distinct from other medieval styles? What sets it apart? How did it influence later periods of medieval art?

2. What made illuminated manuscripts so complicated to make? What was their purpose?

Romanesque, Gothic, and Islamic Art in Medieval Europe

Works to Know:

Church of Sainte-Foy (4 images)

Chartres Cathedral (6 images)

Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisees. (2 images)

Rottgen Pieta

Arena (Scovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation (3 images)

Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparations for Passover) (3 images)

Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altar piece)

Terms to Know:

Romanesque

layperson

barrel vaults

radiating chapels

stained glass

prophet windows

Augsburg

Pilgrimage church

Typanum

Last Judgement

Reliquary statue

relics

Santiago de Compostela

spolia

cruciform

transept

Gothic

Pointed arch

Ribbed vaulting

tracery

flying buttresses

rose window

Islamic Renaissance

Córdoba

Guiding Questions:

1. Compare the Romanesque and Gothic architectural forms. How are they similar? How are they different? What characteristics sets each apart? (How would you recognize one form or another?)

2. What role did pilgrimage play in the medieval European world? How did this influence artistic production in Western Europe? (Give specific examples.)

3. Consider the Great Mosque at Córdoba. How is it similar to other congregational mosques? How is it unique? How did Islamic architecture influence European forms, and vice versa?

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