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Each of the following sections contains relevant terms and questions to guide your studies for the upcoming unit test. Be able to not only identify the terms listed, but to be able to analyze their significance within the appropriate context.
Early Christianity and Byzantine Art
Works to Know:
Catacomb of Priscilla (3 images)
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel, from the Vienna Genesis (2 images)
San Vitale (5 images)
Hagia Sophia
Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George
Terms to Know:
Graven images
Votive offerings
St. Augustine
abstraction
mystery cults
symbolism
basilica
apse
nave
ambulatory / aisle
narthex
tufa
catacomb
fresco
sacrament
Eucharist / communion
Diocletian
Division of empire
476 CE
Byzantine Empire
Justinian
Theodora
Formulaic images
“Greek style” vs. “Roman style”
Icon
Mosaic
Tesserae
Constantinople
Nika riots
Hagia Sophia
Greek cross plan
pendentives
Guiding Questions:
1. What were some common symbols used in Early Christian art? Explain their meanings and interpretations. Why would it be necessary for early Christian populations to develop such a complex iconography?
2. Explain the transition from the realistic representative style of Roman art to the more abstracted, formulaic style used by early Byzantine artists. Why move away from using techniques to show depth of field, perspective, etc.?
3. What challenges structural challenges existed in the creation of the Hagia Sophia?
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Early Migration, and Insular Period Christian Art in Western Europe
Works to Know:
Santa Sabina (3 images)
Merovingian looped fibulae.
Lindisfarne Gospels (3 images)
Bayeux Tapestry (2 images)
Terms to Know:
Migration period
Germanic tribes
Status symbol art
cloisonné
metalurgy
enamel
cabochon gemstones
garnet cloisonné
Merovingians
fibulae
crossbow style
zoomorphic shapes
silver gilt
British Isles
monasticism
Hiberno-Saxon style
Interlace decoration
Illuminated manuscripts
vellum
scribe
illuminator
carpet page
psalters
Gospels
marginalia
Book of Kells
Contortion of fit
embroidery
Norman conquest
Bishop Odo
Guiding Questions
1. Why is insular art so distinct from other medieval styles? What sets it apart? How did it influence later periods of medieval art?
2. What made illuminated manuscripts so complicated to make? What was their purpose?
Romanesque, Gothic, and Islamic Art in Medieval Europe
Works to Know:
Church of Sainte-Foy (4 images)
Chartres Cathedral (6 images)
Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisees. (2 images)
Rottgen Pieta
Arena (Scovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation (3 images)
Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparations for Passover) (3 images)
Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altar piece)
Terms to Know:
Romanesque
layperson
barrel vaults
radiating chapels
stained glass
prophet windows
Augsburg
Pilgrimage church
Typanum
Last Judgement
Reliquary statue
relics
Santiago de Compostela
spolia
cruciform
transept
Gothic
Pointed arch
Ribbed vaulting
tracery
flying buttresses
rose window
Islamic Renaissance
Córdoba
Guiding Questions:
1. Compare the Romanesque and Gothic architectural forms. How are they similar? How are they different? What characteristics sets each apart? (How would you recognize one form or another?)
2. What role did pilgrimage play in the medieval European world? How did this influence artistic production in Western Europe? (Give specific examples.)
3. Consider the Great Mosque at Córdoba. How is it similar to other congregational mosques? How is it unique? How did Islamic architecture influence European forms, and vice versa?
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