Mathematics Grade 8 - CNX

[Pages:171]Mathematics Grade 8

By: Siyavula Uploaders

Mathematics Grade 8

By: Siyavula Uploaders

Online: < >

CONNEXIONS

Rice University, Houston, Texas

This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Siyavula Uploaders. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (). Collection structure revised: September 11, 2009 PDF generated: October 28, 2012 For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see p. 162.

Table of Contents

1 Term 1 1.1 Dierent kinds of numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Prime factors, square roots and cube roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.4 Addition and subtraction in Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1.5 Multiplication in algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.6 Division in algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 1.7 Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

2 Term 3 2.1 To dierentiate between rational and irrational numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 2.2 The characteristics of a circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 2.3 Classifying and constructing triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

3 Term 4 3.1 The concept of ratio and ratios in their simplest form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 3.2 The volume and exterior surface of prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 3.3 Construct dierent types of triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

4 (Untitled)

Attributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

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Chapter 1

Term 1

1.1 Dierent kinds of numbers1

1.1.1 MATHEMATICS 1.1.2 Grade 8 1.1.3 THE NUMBER SYSTEM 1.1.4 (Natural and whole numbers) 1.1.5 Module 1 1.1.6 DIFFERENT KINDS OF NUMBERS

CLASS ASSIGNMENT1

? Discover the number system step by step....

1. General: Dierent kinds of numbers Provide an example of each of the following numbers:

? Natural numbers N = {..................................................}

0 ? Counting numbers N = {..................................................}

? Integers Z+ = {..................................................}

Z- = {..................................................}

? Rational numbers Q = {..................................................}

? Irrational numbers Q' = {..................................................}

? Real numbers R = {..................................................}

2. Natural numbers

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2

CHAPTER 1. TERM 1

Prime numbers ={..................................................} Compound ={..................................................}

numbers

Denition: ...................................................................D...e...n..i.t..i.o..n..:................ .............. ........................................................................................... ............................. ..........

Table 1.1

Prime numbers + Compound numbers = Natural numbers 3. Divisibility rules Do you recall that

Figure 1.1

In each instance, select a number that is divisible by the given divisor and try to deduce a rule for each instance.

Number Divisor Divisibility rule

3.1

2

3.2

3

3.3

4

3.4

5

3.5

6

3.6

8

3.7

9

3.8

10

3.9

11

Table 1.2

4. Determine by which numbers (1.3.1 - 1.3.9) 61 226 is divisible and provide a reason for each. 5. Explain what you understand the following terms to mean: 5.1 Multiple: 5.2 Factor: 5.3 Prime number: 5.4 Prime factor: 5.5 Even numbers and odd numbers:

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