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c IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPL?ME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI

HISTORY HIGHER LEVEL AND STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Wednesday 9 November 2005 (afternoon)

1 hour 30 minutes

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

! Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. ! Answer two questions, each chosen from a different Topic. ! Questions in this paper must be answered with reference to events and developments in the

twentieth century. ! Where the word region is used in questions in this paper, it refers, unless otherwise defined, to

the five regions which are the basis of the regional studies for Higher Level Paper 3.

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Topic 1 Causes, practices and effects of war

1. Account for either the defeat of the Central Powers in the First World War or the Axis powers in the Second World War.

2. To what extent do you agree with the view that war accelerates social change?

3. Evaluate the contribution made towards the war effort by civilians on both the home front and the battle front in two wars, each chosen from a different region.

4. Compare and contrast the reasons for, and impact of, foreign involvement in two of the following: Russian Civil War; Spanish Civil War; Chinese Civil War.

5. "Peace settlements create conditions for new conflicts." With reference to at least two settlements explain to what extent you agree with this statement.

Topic 2 Nationalist and independence movements, decolonization and challenges facing new states

6. What were the main domestic problems of one new twentieth century African or Asian state and to what extent were they solved?

7. In what ways, and for what reasons, was there stubborn resistance to decolonization in one of the following: Indo-China (1945?1955); Indonesia (1945?1949); Algeria (1945?1962)?

8. Assess the impact of Cold War developments on two non-European new states.

9. To what extent did non-European new states succeed in improving either the education of the population or the role and status of women?

10. How and why did nationalist/independence movements in Asia or Africa benefit from either the First World War or the Second World War?

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Topic 3 The rise and rule of single-party states 11. Account for the ineffectiveness of internal opposition to two rulers of single-party states.

12. Assess the successes and failures of the domestic policies of one of the following: Nasser; Nyerere; Per?n.

13. With reference to two examples each chosen from a different region, to what extent do you agree with the claim that "ideology was the most important factor in the rise to power of single-party leaders"?

14. How successful was either Lenin (1917-1924) or Mussolini (1922-1943) in solving the problems he faced?

15. Identify the aims of educational and youth policies in two single-party states, and evaluate the extent to which they were achieved.

Topic 4 Peace and cooperation: international organizations and multiparty states 16. Examine critically domestic problems in either Spain (1975-90) or Argentina (1983-1995).

17. Compare and contrast the policies of two multiparty states for dealing with economic and social problems.

18. "The major obstacle to successful international peacekeeping between 1945 and 1965 was the impact of Cold War politics on the United Nations." To what extent do you agree with this assertion?

19. For what reasons, and with what success, were specialized agencies of international organizations developed?

20. To what extent was the League of Nations' failure to maintain peace in the inter-war period due to its inherent weaknesses?

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Topic 5 The Cold War

21. To what extent were Soviet policies responsible for the outbreak and development of the Cold War between 1945 and 1949?

22. In what ways, and for what reasons, was the Middle East important in the Cold War?

23. Identify and explain the significance of two of the following in the development of the Cold War: COMECON; Marshall Plan; NATO; Warsaw Pact.

24. Compare and contrast the social and economic effects of the Cold War on two countries each chosen from a different region.

25. Analyse the factors which led to the ending of the Cold War.

Topic 6 The state and its relationship with religion and with minorities 26. What were the most frequent causes of persecution of minorities? Support your answer with

specific examples.

27. By what means, and with what success, did one ethnic or racial minority seek to dominate the majority population?

28. In what ways, and with what success, did two racial, ethnic or religious minorities attempt to achieve self-determination?

29. How successful were governments in promoting the integration of minorities? Examples must be given from two regions.

30. In what ways, and with what results, did the official religion of one state affect either the role and status of women or cultural development?

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