PDF GUIDE - University of Tennessee

GUIDE

Finding Copy Free Multimedia

Revised 06/09/2014

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Table of Contents:

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 Terms............................................................................................................................. 2 Common Misconceptions ............................................................................................. 4 Creative Commons ........................................................................................................ 4 Search Engines and Reverse Image Search ................................................................... 5 Wikimedia Commons .................................................................................................... 7 Stock Images, Flickr and Other Image Galleries............................................................ 8 SoundCloud, , Vimeo, and YouTube ...................................................... 9

Overview

When searching for images, audio and video to use in various teaching materials, it is important to respect the copyrights of the artists and photographers who created the original content.

This guide is intended to explain the following:

1. When "fair use' applies to images used in the classroom or online courses. 2. Where and how to find free to use, Creative Commons licensed images. 3. How to find the original sources of images in order to locate the creator's

credentials.

Terms

Below is a list of terms that will be useful in the context of this guide, and brief descriptions of what they mean.

Clip-Art: Free-to-use stock images that come with many common word processing or creative production software. Clip-art images are typically simple illustrations rather than photos, and come in vector format so they can be resized indefinitely.

Creative Commons: A nonprofit, online organization that provides free licenses for creative works that provide clear guidelines on how they may be legally used, edited or redistributed.

Derivative: Any work that builds upon or edits another source material.

Fair Use: "Fair use" allows for certain parts of copyrighted material to be cropped, sampled, etc. for use in education, criticism, scholarship, research commentary or parody. Uses that oppose fair use are those

intended for commercial use or profit, entertainment, bad-faith behavior, or that deny credit to the original author.

Non-Derivative: A Creative Commons license that forbids the editing, remixing, etc. of the original work. The original work may only be redistributed in its original form.

Public Domain: Indicates that the intellectual property rights for a work have expired, forfeited, or are inapplicable. Works enter the public domain generally 50 or 70 years after the original author's death.

Royalties: Fees paid (typically by a certain percentage of profits) for each use of a copyrighted work to that work's original author.

Royalty-Free: Indicates that materials may be used for derivative works without requiring continuing fees to be sent to the original creator of the used material(s).

Share-Alike: A Creative Commons license that dictates that any derivative work must be licensed with the same or a similar license as the original.

Stock: Stock images, primarily photography or simple vectors, are images provided by their creators which are intended specifically for derivative, commercial use. Some stock images may require only an initial purchase fee, others might even require continuing royalties to be paid depending on how the images are used. Individuals who provide stock images for free may still require that they are credited for any derivative works.

Watermark: A faint logo or name superimposed on top of an image that is intended to deter unauthorized/illegal use. Commonly utilized by individual artists as well as stock photography websites such as Shutterstock.

Wiki: An online knowledge-base that allows for anyone to freely edit its content. This is not simply limited to Wikipedia; there are many websites that allow individual creation of Wiki sites. Wikimedia Commons, a database of Creative Commons licensed materials, is part of the Wikipedia network.

Common Misconceptions

1. I can take any needed images from Google Images or other search engines, and no one will ever know or care.

False. Not only is this illegal, but Google's reverse image search is making it easier and easier for artists and photographers to find unauthorized uses of their work.

2. Anything with a CC (Creative Commons) logo is free to use without restriction.

False. This is usually a confusion between Public Domain and Creative Commons. Creative Commons is made up of multiple licenses that limit certain uses of the shared materials in order to protect the original creator's copyrights. Public Domain covers works entirely free from copyright restrictions.

Creative Commons

Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization which provides licenses for creators who post their work online. These licenses allow for works to be legally shared and edited but only under specific terms outlined by the original creator. The mission of Creative Commons is to allow individuals to share content while still enforcing respect for the copyrights held by the original creator(s).

There are several Creative Commons licenses, and multiple ones can be applied to a work that legally restrict its use. Keep an eye out for the logos below:

Creative Commons The standard logo for general Creative Commons licensing.

Attribution - By Please give direct, visible credit to the original author.

Non-Commercial Commercial use of any part of this work is not allowed. (May use Euro or Yen sign instead.)

Share-Alike Derivative works must be licensed with identical terms to the original work.

Non-Derivative Do not edit, crop, remix or alter the original work in any way.

CC0 ? Creative Commons "Public Domain" The original author has waived all rights to the work and it exists within the public domain to be freely edited and used.

Public Domain This work has been identified to exist within the public domain.

Search Engine and Reverse Image Search

Bing, Google, Yahoo and such are powerful tools for locating images. However, as search engines only collect data from other websites, they should never be treated or credited as the original source for graphics. This also means that if an image has been used multiple times across the Internet, it's no guarantee that the website or individual using a graphic or photo is the sole owner or creator of the image.

Google

Google allows you to search for copy-free graphics quite easily. Simply click Search Tools and select an option below Usage Rights:

If you have images you have collected previously, but are unsure of where or who they come from, you can use Google Image Search to search by image. Google Image Search is located at . You can click the camera icon to open Search By Image.

After clicking this icon, you will be given 2 tabs, as shown below:

One lets the user search for similar/related images using a copy-and-pasted image URL. This is for searching for images that you have found on other websites or previously through google search that are still hosted on the Internet. The other tab is for uploading images. Google will compare the image you uploaded to thousands upon thousands of images in its database to find the closest match. Sometimes Google can even search by subject if it properly detects the source of an image, allowing you to find similar photos or graphics.

Bing

Microsoft's search engine, Bing, also has options for searching for creative commons or public domain images. Click the IMAGES tab at the top to begin searching images.

Next, click License to open the drop down menu for a list of options:

Wikimedia Commons

One of your most generous resources for copy-free images on the Internet is Wikimedia Commons, accessible at . Wikimedia Commons is a media file repository that anyone can upload to or edit. All files are freely usable and either public domain or donated by volunteers, and many carry the Creative Commons licenses I mentioned before in this guide. Wikimedia Commons contains not only image files, but video and audio as well. The site is structured much like Wikipedia and contains many categories and tags by which to search.

Stock Images, Flickr, and Online Photo Galleries

A great multitude of photos and other graphics on the Internet are hosted on online stock image stores or websites such as Flickr, deviantART, Photobucket, Imageshack, Tumblr, Pinterest and many, many more.

Stock images are RARELY free. Many stock images are touted as being "royaltyfree" but this only means that the user of the images does not have to pay continuing fees to use the work. Most stock images found through image search have a watermark from their origin website (i.e. Shutterstock) However, some free stock image sites exist, such as . It is always wise to check the terms and conditions of these websites or images.

Flickr, a popular online photo gallery, has a Creative Commons licensing option for its users and a search section specifically for CC licensed images at . Be sure to look for this logo:

deviantART has a Stock Images section, but as the website is poorly moderated and not entirely aimed at professionals, it is not as trustworthy as Flickr or Wikimedia Commons and not recommended to search for copy-free graphics. If Those images that have been recognized for their quality by website staff are placed under the "Daily Deviation" category.

Image hosts such as Photobucket and Imageshack are typically intended for private photo hosting and should NOT be used as sources.

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In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

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