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Quantitative Research Methodology Analysis

Following the American Psychological Style Guide

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Introduction

This assignment will post a comparison of one-sample, paired samples, and independent samples t-tests within the context of quantitative doctoral business research. The focus of my comparison is on managing innovation and technology. In my comparison I will describe the research example related to my doctoral research proposal. I will describe a hypothetical example appropriate for each t-test, ensuring that the variables are appropriately identified. I will analyze the assumptions associated with the independent-samples t-tests and the implications when assumptions are violated. I will also explain options researchers have when assumptions are violated. I will discuss all of these aspects in one paragraph each of the areas that are required to be covered. This is a comparison between sample, paired t-tests, and individual t-tests based on three scholarly research articles of my choice. To prepare for the discussion, I have reviewed Lumley et al. (2002).

Description of Research Examples

Through a one-sample quantitative methodological approach Keupp, Palmié & Gassmann (2012) set out to improve the strategic innovation of managers towards the managing innovation and technology. In Ferraz & de Melo Santos (2016), the purpose of their quantitative research is focused on an understanding of innovations in performances and services as these innovations connect with organizational research. The methodological approach of Ferraz & de Melo Santos (2016) consists of paired samples. The methodological approach of independent samples t-tests is conducted by Vos (2010) through the focus of management in service firms, firm characteristics and service characteristics through the operation of service firms in the Dutch marketplace.

Research Example – Doctoral Proposal

My research example involves identifying strategies that managers can use in order to manage innovation and technology. My methodological approach is based on quantitative research methods. My theoretical approach is entrenched in an understanding of the field of Innovation and Technology.

Hypothetical Example

A hypothetical example appropriate for each t-test would be the managing of innovation and technology of an online school with a see-it-for-yourself working model in terms of pedagogical approach. Through this hypothetical example, film courses would have each and every stage visualized, auditory, interactive through chat systems and question and answer formats, photographic representations and script creations live and interactive online in order to teach the customer of the online school how to create a film. Another hypothetical example would be of a cooking courses that would have someone viewed from shopping in the grocery store and checking product labels, to cleaning the kitchen in preparation for the cooking, to going through each and every step of the meal process including the eating of meal and the post cleaning of the kitchen in order to teach the customer online proper and sanitary methods of food preparation. In both of these latter examples the branding and advertising potential of these services for an online school would be enormous. Through a one-sample quantitative methodological approach Keupp, Palmié & Gassmann (2012) set out to improve the strategic innovation of managers towards the managing innovation and technology a review of websites such as , Twitter, Facebook, , Gotham Writers’ Workshop and hundreds more including existing closed-circuit online schools such as Walden University would be reviewed. In Ferraz & de Melo Santos (2016), the purpose of their quantitative research is focused on an understanding of innovations in performances and services as these innovations connect with organizational research. The methodological approach of Ferraz & de Melo Santos (2016) consists of paired samples. Empirical, cross-sectional and quantitative research would be analyzed in order to determine the feasibility of this hypothetical research example for managing innovation and technology. The methodological approach of independent samples t-tests is conducted by Vos (2010) through the focus of management in service firms, firm characteristics and service characteristics through the operation of service firms in the Dutch marketplace.

The research design for this hypothetical example for managing technology and innovation would be based on measurements, pre-testing a web survey and data collection and sampling.

Assumptions

The danger of independent samples t-tests are that they must be adhered to strictly in terms of the data that is collected. Each decimal point of the calculations that are determined by the independent samples t-tests must be included in the collection of data. Analysis of the data must be as objective as humanly possible, or this will violate the validity of the data.

Options

When assumptions are violated, the options that a researcher has are to potentially include qualitative research methods along with their quantitative research methods in order to mix the results of the research to improve the validity factors. This method of research is known as mixed methods (Creswell & Clark, 2007).

References

Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research.

Retrieved from:

Ferraz, I. N., & de Melo Santos, N. (2016). The relationship between service innovation and

performance: A bibliometric analysis and research agenda proposal. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 13(4), 251-260. Retrieved from:

Keupp, M. M., Palmié, M., & Gassmann, O. (2012). The strategic management of innovation: A

systematic review and paths for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), 367-390. Retrieved from:

Lumley, T., Diehr, P., Emerson, S., & Chen, L. (2002). The importance of the normality

assumption in large public health data sets. Annual review of public health, 23(1), 151-169. Retrieved from:

Vos, A. H. (2010). Service innovation: managing innovation from idea generation to innovative

offer (Master's thesis, University of Twente). Retrieved from:

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