CHAPTER 3 GEOMETRIC DESIGN

Topic # 625-000-015

Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards

for Design, Construction and Maintenance

for Streets and Highways

DRAFT May - 2012007

Printed 2/73/4/20110

CHAPTER 3

GEOMETRIC DESIGN

A

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 3-1

B

OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 3-43-3

C

DESIGN ELEMENTS ................................................................................... 3-53-4

C.1

Design Speed ................................................................................. 3-53-4

C.2

Design Vehicles .............................................................................. 3-63-5

C.3

Sight Distance ................................................................................. 3-73-6

C.3.a

Stopping Sight Distance .................................................. 3-83-7

C.3.b

Passing Sight Distance ................................................... 3-83-7

C.3.c

Sight Distance at Decision Points ................................... 3-93-8

C.3.d

Intersection Sight Distance ........................................... 3-103-9

C.4

Horizontal Alignment ..................................................................... 3-103-9

C.4.a

General Criteria............................................................. 3-103-9

C.4.b

Superelevation ............................................................ 3-113-10

C.4.c

Curvature .................................................................... 3-123-11

C.4.d

Superelevation Transition (superelevation runoffs plus

tangent runoff)............................................................. 3-133-11

C.4.e

Lane Widening on Curves ........................................... 3-133-12

C.5

Vertical Alignment ....................................................................... 3-143-13

C.5.a

General Criteria........................................................... 3-143-13

C.5.b

Grades ........................................................................ 3-143-13

C.5.c

Vertical Curves............................................................ 3-153-14

C.6

Alignment Coordination ............................................................... 3-153-14

C.7

Cross Section Elements .............................................................. 3-173-16

C.7.a

Number of Lanes ........................................................ 3-173-16

C.7.b

Pavement .................................................................... 3-173-16

C.7.b.1

Pavement Width ....................................... 3-173-16

C.7.b.2

Pavement Cross Slope

(not in superelevation) .............................. 3-173-16

C.7.c

Shoulders .................................................................... 3-183-17

Geometric Design

3-i

Topic # 625-000-015

Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards

for Design, Construction and Maintenance

for Streets and Highways

C.8

Geometric Design

DRAFT May - 2012007

Printed 2/73/4/20110

C.7.c.1

Shoulder Width ......................................... 3-183-17

C.7.c.2

Shoulder Cross Slope .............................. 3-193-18

C.7.d

Sidewalks .................................................................... 3-193-18

C.7.e

Medians ...................................................................... 3-203-19

C.7.e.1

Type of Median......................................... 3-223-20

C.7.e.2

Median Width ........................................... 3-233-21

C.7.e.3

Median Slopes.......................................... 3-233-21

C.7.e.4

Median Barriers ........................................ 3-243-22

C.7.f

Roadside Clear Zone .................................................. 3-253-23

C.7.f.1

Roadside Clear Zone Width ....... 3-263-243-243-23

C.7.f.2

Roadside Slopes ........................ 3-273-253-253-24

C.7.f.3

Criteria for Guardrail ................... 3-273-253-253-24

C.7.g

Curbs ............................................................3-293-273-273-25

C.7.h

Parking .......................................................... 3-293-273-273-25

C.7.i

Right of Way ................................................. 3-293-273-273-25

C.7.j

Changes in Typical Section........................... 3-313-293-293-27

C.7.j.1

General Criteria .......................... 3-313-293-293-27

C.7.j.2

Lane Deletions and Additions ..... 3-313-293-293-27

C.7.j.3

Special Use Lanes ..................... 3-313-293-293-27

C.7.j.4

Structures ................................... 3-323-293-293-27

C.7.j.4.(a)

Horizontal Clearance3-333-303-303-28

C.7.j.4.(b)

Vertical Clearance3-333-303-303-28

C.7.j.4.(c)

End Treatment ... 3-333-303-303-28

Access Control .............................................................. 3-343-313-313-29

C.8.a

Justification ................................................... 3-343-313-313-29

C.8.b

General Criteria............................................. 3-343-313-313-29

C.8.b.1

Location of Access Points .......... 3-343-313-313-29

C.8.b.2

Spacing of Access Points ........... 3-353-313-313-29

C.8.b.3

Restrictions of Maneuvers .......... 3-353-323-323-30

C.8.b.4

Turn Lanes ................................. 3-353-323-323-30

C.8.b.5

Grade Separation ....................... 3-363-333-333-31

C.8.b.6

Roundabouts .............................. 3-363-333-333-31

C.8.c

Control for All Limited Access Highways ....... 3-373-333-333-31

C.8.d

Control of Urban Streets ............................... 3-373-343-343-32

3-ii

Topic # 625-000-015

Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards

for Design, Construction and Maintenance

for Streets and Highways

C.9

Geometric Design

DRAFT May - 2012007

Printed 2/73/4/20110

C.8.e

Control for Rural Highways ........................... 3-383-353-353-33

C.8.f

Land Development ........................................ 3-383-353-353-33

Intersection Design ....................................................... 3-393-363-363-34

C.9.a

General Criteria............................................. 3-393-363-363-34

C.9.b

Sight Distance ............................................... 3-403-373-373-35

C.9.b.1

General Criteria .......................... 3-413-383-383-36

C.9.b.2

Obstructions to Sight Distance ... 3-423-393-393-37

C.9.b.3

Stopping Sight Distance ............. 3-433-403-403-38

C.9.b.3.(a)

Approach to Stops3-433-403-403-38

C.9.b.3.(b)

On Turning Roads3-433-403-403-38

C.9.b.4

Sight Distance for Intersection Maneuvers3-433-403-403-38

C.9.b.4.(a)

Driver¡¯s Eye Position and

Vehicle Stopping Position3-453-423-423-40

C.9.b.4.(b)

Design Vehicle ... 3-463-433-433-41

C.9.b.4.(c)

Case B1 - Left Turns From

the Minor Road... 3-463-433-433-41

C.9.b.4.(d)

Case B2 - Right Turns From

the Minor Road and Case B3 ¨C

Crossing Maneuver From the

Minor Road ........ 3-473-443-443-42

C.9.b.4.(e)

Intersections with Traffic Signal

Control (AASHTO Case D)3-473-443-443-42

C.9.b.4.(f)

Intersections with All-Way Stop

Control (AASHTO Case E)3-483-453-453-43

C.9.b.4.(g)

Left Turns from the Major Road

(AASHTO Case F)3-483-453-453-43

C.9.b.4.(h)

Intersection Sight Distance

References ......... 3-483-453-453-43

C.9.c

Auxiliary Lanes .............................................. 3-493-463-463-44

C.9.c.1

Merging Maneuvers.................... 3-493-463-463-44

C.9.c.2

Acceleration Lanes ..................... 3-493-463-463-44

C.9.c.3

Exit Lanes................................... 3-503-473-473-45

C.9.d

Turning Roadways at Intersections ............... 3-513-483-483-46

C.9.d.1

Design Speed ............................. 3-523-483-483-46

C.9.d.2

Horizontal Alignment .................. 3-523-493-493-47

C.9.d.3

Vertical Alignment ...................... 3-523-493-493-47

3-iii

Topic # 625-000-015

Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards

for Design, Construction and Maintenance

for Streets and Highways

C.10

C.11

C.12

Geometric Design

DRAFT May - 2012007

Printed 2/73/4/20110

C.9.d.4

Cross Section Elements ............. 3-533-493-493-47

C.9.e

At Grade Intersections .................................. 3-533-503-503-48

C.9.e.1

Turning Radii .............................. 3-533-503-503-48

C.9.e.2

Cross Section Correlation .......... 3-543-513-513-49

C.9.e.3

Median Openings ....................... 3-543-513-513-49

C.9.e.4

Channelization............................ 3-553-523-523-50

C.9.f

Driveways ..................................................... 3-553-523-523-50

C.9.g

Interchanges ................................................. 3-563-523-523-50

C.9.h

Clear Zone .................................................... 3-573-543-543-52

Other Design Factors .................................................... 3-573-543-543-52

C.10.a

Pedestrian Facilities ...................................... 3-573-543-543-52

C.10.a.1 Policy and Objectives - New Facilities3-583-553-553-53

C.10.a.2 Accessibility Requirements......... 3-583-553-553-53

C.10.a.3 Sidewalks ................................... 3-583-553-553-53

C.10.a.4 Curb Ramps ............................... 3-593-563-563-54

C.10.a.5 Additional Considerations ........... 3-603-573-573-55

C.10.b

Bicycle Facilities ............................................ 3-603-573-573-55

C.10.c

Bridge Design Loadings ................................ 3-603-573-573-55

C.10.d

Dead End Streets and Cul-de-sacs ............... 3-613-573-573-55

C.10.e

Bus Benches and Transit Shelters ................ 3-613-583-583-56

C.10.f

Traffic Calming .............................................. 3-613-583-583-56

Reconstruction .............................................................. 3-613-583-583-56

C.11.a

Introduction ................................................... 3-613-583-583-56

C.11.b

Evaluation of Streets and Highways ............. 3-623-593-593-57

C.11.c

Priorities ........................................................ 3-623-593-593-57

Design Exceptions ........................................................ 3-653-623-623-60

3-iv

Topic # 625-000-015

Manual of Uniform Minimum Standards

for Design, Construction and Maintenance

for Streets and Highways

DRAFT May - 2012007

Printed 2/73/4/20110

TABLES

TABLE 3¨C1

TABLE 3¨C2

TABLE 3¨C3

TABLE 3¨C3

TABLE 3¨C3

TABLE 3¨C4

TABLE 3¨C5

TABLE 3¨C6

TABLE 3¨C7

TABLE 3¨C8

TABLE 3¨C9

TABLE 3¨C10

TABLE 3¨C11

TABLE 3¨C12

TABLE 3¨C13

TABLE 3¨C14

TABLE 3¨C15

TABLE 3¨C16

TABLE 3¨C17

TABLE 3¨C18

TABLE 3¨C19

TABLE 3¨C20A

TABLE 3¨C20B

Geometric Design

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM DESIGN SPEED (MPH)3-663-633-633-61

DESIGN VEHICLES ................................................... 3-673-643-643-62

HORIZONTAL CURVATURE ..................................... 3-683-653-653-63

HORIZONTAL CURVATURE (Continued) ................. 3-693-663-663-64

HORIZONTAL CURVATURE (Continued) ................. 3-693-663-663-64

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM GRADES IN PERCENT3-703-673-673-65

MAXIMUM CHANGE IN GRADE WITHOUT USING VERTICAL

CURVE .......................................................................3-703-673-673-65

SIGHT DISTANCES AND LENGTHS OF VERTICAL CURVES3-713-683-683-66

MINIMUM LANE WIDTHS .......................................... 3-733-693-693-67

MINIMUM WIDTHS OF PAVEMENT AND SHOULDERS FOR

TWO (2) LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS .......................... 3-733-693-693-67

SHOULDER WIDTHS FOR MULTILANE RURAL DIVIDED

HIGHWAYS ................................................................3-733-693-693-67

MEDIAN WIDTH FOR FREEWAYS (URBAN AND RURAL)3-743-703-703-68

MEDIAN WIDTH FOR RURAL HIGHWAYS

(MULTILANE FACILITIES) ......................................... 3-743-703-703-68

MINIMUM WIDTH OF CLEAR ZONE ......................... 3-753-713-713-69

ACCESS CONTROL FOR ALL LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAYS3-763-723-723-70

SIGHT DISTANCE FOR APPROACH TO STOPS ..... 3-773-733-733-70

LENGTH OF TAPER FOR USE IN CONDITIONS WITH FULL

WIDTH SPEED CHANGE LANES.............................. 3-773-733-733-70

DESIGN LENGTHS OF SPEED CHANGE LANES FLAT

GRADES - 2 PERCENT OR LESS............................. 3-783-743-743-71

RATIO OF LENGTH OF SPEED CHANGE LANE ON GRADE

TO LENGTH ON LEVEL ............................................3-793-753-753-72

MINIMUM DECELERATION LENGTHS FOR EXIT TERMINALS3-803-763-763-73

MINIMUM ACCELERATION LENGTHS FOR ENTRANCE

TERMINALS ............................................................... 3-813-773-773-74

CALCULATED AND DESIGN VALUES FOR TRAVELED WAY

WIDENING ON OPEN HIGHWAY CURVES (TWO-LANE

HIGHWAYS, ONE-WAY OR TWO-WAY)................... 3-823-783-783-75

ADJUSTMENTS FOR TRAVELED WAY WIDENING VALUES ON

OPEN HIGHWAY CURVES (TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS, ONE-WAY

OR TWO-WAY) .......................................................... 3-833-793-793-76

3-v

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