Grade 9 Science Exam Review



SNC 1D1 Grade 9 Science Exam Review Jan 2014

Use the following to help you study for the exam. The BEST reviews are your tests and quizzes. Be sure also to go over and summarize all your notes/handouts – use your textbook as a resource.

Unit – Sustainable Ecosystems:

1. What is an ecosystem? What does it mean for an ecosystem to be sustainable?

2. Name and describe the 4 spheres on earth.

3. Name 3 biotic components and 3 abiotic components of a vegetable garden.

4. What is the difference between a population and a community?

5. What happens to the radiant energy from the sun when it travels to the earth? How much of it is used in photosynthesis?

6. Name the equation for photosynthesis and for cellular respiration/ How are they related?

7. Compare the relationship between herbivores, carnivores, producers and how energy travels through the trophic levels. Does ALL the energy travel? Explain. How do food chains and food webs differ?

8. Draw and discuss the differences between the three ecological pyramids. Which one DOES NOT show the best transfer of energy through a food chain? Explain.

9. What is the difference between tolerance range and optimum range? How might this influence the carrying capacity of an organism in an ecosystem?

10. How do plants obtain nitrogen from the air?

11. What roles do bacteria and humans have in the carbon cycle?

12. What are the different abiotic factors of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?

13. Know the five different species interactions that can take place between organisms.(competition, predation, parasitism, predation, commensalisms)

14. Define: oligotrophic lake, eutrophic lake, watershed, coral reef, estuaries, mangrove, and intertidal zone.

15. What is biodiversity? Why are organisms becoming extinct?

16. Describe FOUR WAYS that biodiversity is threatened. Explain how each threatens biodiversity and what is being done to stop this from happening. Why is biodiversity important?

17. What are the benefits and disadvantages of chemical and natural fertilizers?

18. What are natural ways farmers can use to manage the soil (besides fertilizers)?

19. Explain the effect of bioaccumulation and bioamplification on an organism and a food chain.

Unit – Chemistry

20. What are some of the safety rules/symbols (household and WHMIS) in a science classroom?

21. What are the different parts of the particle theory? Explain the differences between the three states of water using the particle theory.

22. What is matter? What is the difference between physical and chemical properties of matter, and the difference between qualitative and quantitative properties? What are examples of physical and chemical properties of matter? What are “characteristic” physical properties? Give examples.

23. a) Using the formula for density, calculate the density of 3.5 g of a substance that takes up 2 cm2 of volume. Know the density formula for the exam!!

b) Calculate the mass of a substance that has a volume of 3.2 cm2 with a density of 0.86 g/cm2.

24. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

25. Name the 5 clues that indicate a chemical change has taken place.

26. Label the reactants and the products of the following reaction:

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

27. Make a flow chart to explain how the following words are all connected: mixture, mechanical mixture, solution, compound, pure substance, element.

28. What is the difference between atoms and molecules?

29. Name some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals. How are metalloids different from metals and non-metals?

30. Explain how to test for the following gases: oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

31. Why do we use chemical symbols? What is a chemical formula?

32. Name the number and types of atoms in the following: NaHCO3, LiOH, Ca3(PO4)2, 3 AlCl3.

33. Using the periodic table, what is a period? A family/group? Name the locations of the following groups: noble gases, alkali metals, halogens, and metalloids.

34. What is the periodic law?

35. What is the name of the following: MgCl2, NaBr, BaF2.

36. What is the difference between the ionic compound and a molecular compound?

37. What did the following individuals contribute to the model of the atom: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr?

38. Who first organized the periodic table? How is the periodic table organized now?

39. Name the three subatomic particles, their charge, location and mass.

40. How do you find the # of protons, electrons and neutrons of an atom?

41. How many electrons does a magnesium ion, with a charge of +2, contain? (**Remember the chart we created with protons, neutrons, electrons, charge, atomic #, and mass#.)

42. What does it mean when electrons are in an excited state?

43. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of lithium atom, oxygen atom, sodium ion and nitrogen ion.

44. Show how the following compounds are formed using B-R diagrams: NaCl, HF, H2O, CO2. Describe if the atoms are bonded with an ionic bond or a covalent bond.

Unit – Astronomy

45. Define the following – star, planet, moon, galaxy, constellation, asteroid, meteor, meteorite, meteoroid, comet.

46. Know the diagram of the sun on Pg. 309. Draw a quick sketch in your review and label.

47. What reaction takes place in the sun to provide it with its energy?

48. How do we measure distances in our solar system? Between stars and galaxies? Why do we not use kilometers?

49. Why are the first 4 regular planets called terrestrial planets and the next 4 called gas giants?

50. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution of Earth.

51. What causes us to have seasons?

52. What are the different phases of the moon and why do we see the moon this way?

53. Why do we have tides? How do we get 2 high tides and 2 low tides each day?

54. What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse?

55. What is a star map/planisphere and how do you use one? Why do we only see certain constellations in certain months or seasons and other constellations all year round?

56. Define – light year, luminosity, star clusters, galaxy, galaxy clusters, and quasars.

57. What is the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude? Give examples to help you understand better.

58. Explain the lifecycle of a star – small/medium, large and extremely large stars. How is a star “born” (nebula) and what stages does each type of star go through until its “death”?

59. What are theories on the origin of the universe? What is your viewpoint?

60. What is the international space station – astronauts' purpose and Canada’s role? What are two research experiments being carried out on the ISS and what are two future possibilities for space research? (*Review your Space exploration assignment.)

Unit – Electricity

Electrostatics

61. How are neutral objects attracted to charged objects? Explain using the idea of Induced Charge Separation.

62. How are objects charged by friction, charged by conduction, and charged by induction? Be able to show the step-by-step process of charging an electroscope by induction.

63. What is the electrostatic series used for? If an ebonite rod is rubbed with wool, what charge would be on the wool and the rod?

64. What would happen if an acetate strip was rubbed with silk and brought close to a glass rod that was rubbed with fur? Would the glass rod and acetate strip attract or repel each other?

65. Give examples of conductors and insulators and why both are necessary.

66. Why is static electricity more dangerous in the wintertime?

67. Explain the process of grounding as well as the process of electric discharge.

68. Be able to explain how a few of the following applications of electrostatics work: Vandegraff generators, electrostatic paint sprayers, laser printers, electrostatic lifting apparatus, electrostatic speakers, lightning rods.

Current Electricity

69. What is the difference between static and current electricity?

70. Compare the two types of electric cells – primary and secondary – along with fuel cells. How are they similar and how are they different?

71. We studied 8 methods of generating current electricity. Be able to compare these different forms based on positives and negatives.

72. What are the main parts of an electric circuit? Draw a circuit diagram of a simple circuit with a battery, lamp and switch.

73. Know the different symbols for drawing circuit diagrams and be able to draw different circuits (series and parallel, including voltmeters and ammeters).

74. What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?

75. What is electric current and how is it measured in a circuit? How can electric current be dangerous?

76. What do we mean when we talk about the potential difference (voltage) across a battery or a load? How is this measured in a circuit?

77. What are the factors that affect the resistance of a material in a circuit? How is resistance measured?

78. What does Ohm’s law state? Be able to use Ohm’s law to calculate resistance, voltage and current in a circuit.

79. Using formulas provided, calculate the electrical efficiency and cost of electricity of an appliance.

Be able to use calculations, diagrams and written explanations to explain how voltages and currents are changed in series and parallel circuits (*Refer to notes).

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