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Gravitation Notes Physics 2014Newton discovered that gravity attracts any two objects depending on their __________ and their ____________________________.You already know… Fg = mg This equation is used to calculate the force of gravity (weight) of a single objectThis unit we will calculate the gravitational attraction between two objects Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation- ALL objects attract each other with a force of gravitational attraction. Gravity is universal. This force of gravitational attraction is directly dependent upon the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates their centers.Equation: 741680254000Since the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of both interacting objects, more massive objects will attract each other with a greater gravitational force. So as the mass of either object increases, the force of gravitational attraction between them also increases. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is doubled.Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces. So as two objects are separated from each other, the force of gravitational attraction between them also decreases. If the separation distance between two objects is doubled (increased by a factor of 2), then the force of gravitational attraction is decreased by a factor of 4 (2 raised to the second power).Test your understanding…True/FalseThe gravitational force only acts between very, very massive objects.The gravitational force between an object and the earth is inversely related to the distance between the object's and the earth's center.The gravitational force can ALWAYS be accurately calculated by multiplying the object mass by the acceleration of gravity (m?g).The gravitational force acting upon an object is the same as the weight of the object.The gravitational force between two objects is independent of the mass of the smaller of the two objects.If object A gravitationally attracts object B with a force of X Newtons, then object B will also gravitationally attract object A with the same force of X Newtons.The doubling of the separation distance (measured from the center) between two objects will halve the gravitational force between the objects.It an object is placed two earth-radii above the surface of the earth, then the force of gravitational attraction between the object and the earth will be one-fourth the magnitude as on earth's surface.Orbiting astronauts do not experience a force of gravity; this explains why they feel weightless.If the gravitational force of attraction between two objects is 100N, what would it be if the distance between them were (a) doubled (b) halved (c) tripled ?If the mass of two objects is doubled but the distance between them remains the same, what happens to the force of gravitational attraction between them?Using Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation equation and G = 6.67 x 10-11 N x m2 /kg2 findthe gravity force between a 50 kg student and a 60 kg student 2.0 meters apart (b) the gravity force between a planet of mass 2.0 x 1024 kg and one of its moon with mass 1.0 x 1023 kg at an average distance of 5.0 x 108 meters.If the gravitation force between objects of equal mass is 2.3 x 10-8 N when the objects are 10.0 m apart, what is the mass of each object?If two objects, each with a mass of 2.0 x 102 kg, produce a gravitation force between them of 3.7 x 10-6N. What is the distance between them? ................
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