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?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Addie Pensa, Amelia AndersonThe PolybolosAnd the Current Day Machine GunINTRODUCTIONSince the beginning of time, people have fought wars. From the Native Americans to current day in Iraq. ?An evolution of weapons have been made for fighting. The Native Americans had Spears , bows and arrows and America has guns and bombs. Advancements in technology have allowed us to keep creating and improving the weaponry for war. The Greek’s technology has provided us with many of our everyday things like the computers and clocks too..One type of Ancient Greek weaponry that was very important and useful is the ancient machine gun. ?Because of this we propose that a portion of the exhibit should be on this weapon. The ancient machine gun, then known as the Polybolos was one of the greatest inventions of it’s age. The polybolos was very significant back in the day, because instead of having to load a gun over and over again and cleaning it out for safety reasons they could hold down the trigger and arrows would fly out. It was also significant because it ?put the soldiers into a lot less danger. The polybolos was made from simple materials like rope,wood,metal braces these were easy materials to get around the time of the ancient Greeks so it was not a hassle for them.In our museum exhibit we plan to have a table set up. On the table we will have our two tags and in the center we will have our hands on component. There will be a handle with a ball connected to it with a string. The handle will have a stopper on it. You will push the handle forward forcing the ball out. There will be 3 designated target with the calculated distance and velocity. This will demonstrate to them velocity and momentum. We will also have calculated the momentum.The Greek tag will be a short slide show explaining the usage and importance of the Polybolos back in ancient times during battle. There will be pictures of ancient Greek life and how the Polybolos was influential. The audience will learn about projectile motion and momentum take part in the act of shooting the Polybolos and the machine gun.The modern tag will be a website explaining the physics and essential information about the current day machine gun. There will be diagrams explaining how the machine gun works. Greek TagThe Polybolos, invented in ancient Greece during the made of many thing antiquity age by Dionysus the Elder, was made of many things. From metal chains to wooden arrows, the polybolos has many diverse characteristics and materials. His invention was used a lot during battle. It advanced the Greek’s ways of fighting and helped them win many battles. The Polybolos was made as a weapon to make it easier to fight and not have to reload all the time. If you look in this diagram below it shows were the arrows were held and what gave the arrow enough force to posh it through the Polyolos.Figure 1. A depiction of the ancient Polybolos invented and used by the Greeks during the antiquity age.Notice that in figure 1, the function of the Polybolos is very much like a catapult, invented by Archimedes around the same time. ?you can see these soldiers load the compartment that holds the arrows and once they pull the trigger the arrows fall out (one every time the trigger is pulled) then pushed out forcefully and quickly.This allowed the Polybolos to fire repeatedly having there enemies to face defeat.Physics of the PolyolosHere is a short chunk of a couple Physics concepts that relate to the the Polybolos are momentum and velocity.Velocity: velocity is the measurement of a rate and a distance of a change in position. Momentum is an impelling force or strength.Example problem:Momentum equation. Momentum (p) = mass (m) times volume (v)A Polybolos shoots out arrows at 1.4 m/s. The mass of the Polybolos is 4.5 x 10^5kgP = (4.5E+5 kg) * (1.4 m/s)P = 630,000 kg-m/sThe answer is 630,00 kg-meters per second.The variables are inversely proportional.Modern TagIn 1884 Sir Hiram Maxim invented the first self-powered machine gun. The machine gun has now taking some fascinating new and big steps. It revolutionized the way we fought in wars, just in time for World War II. The machine gun is now made out of tempered steel and other various metals welded together. Now for the machine guns they have also bullets they are much more affective because they have bullets, they are small pieces of metal with a lack powdery substance called gun powder. It is a small pressurized chemical that pushes the bullets out of the gun so arrows are now today's bullets. they machine gun below is the current day machine gun.Figure 2: Here is a detailed look at a current day machine gun in pieces. Displaying the physics and complexities of the machine gun.The machine gun, today. Is used as a weapon for many uses. From hunting to war time. From serial killers to the men and women fighting for our country, everyone can find a use with the machine gun.Figure 3: Here we have another labeled diagram of the machine gun.The operating handle on the machine gun connects to the trigger. When you pull the single trigger it latches something in the operating handle pushing it forward at a fast speed towards the bullet in he barrel. The barrel is where the bullet is placed. The bullet will project forward and fly out through the recoil booster. The recoil booster causes you to recoil back.The physics concepts of the machine gun are projectile motion and momentum. Projectile motion is when the bullets shoot out. Momentum is how fast the bullets shoot out.Equation for momentum is Momentum (p) = Mass (m) times Volume (v)Hands-on ComponentFor our museum exhibit we plan to have two tables set out (one preferably longer than the other). On one table we will have our tags. At the left we will have our Greek tag. There will be a PowerPoint presentation set up explaining everything there is to know about the Polybolos. On the right side of the table our modern tag will be set up. There we will have a website ?with pages of information on the physics concepts, history, and how the modern day machine gun has evolved over time. On the other table we will have a professionally set up hands on component. Our hands on component consists of a ball, a handle, and designated target spot. The handle will have the ball (a ping pong or bouncy ball) connected to it with a string. You will be able to shoot the ball out and there will be a stopper on the handle allowing you the ball to stop at one of the three designated targets. The point of the stopper and targets is to show the on-lookers how much velocity there was with that shot. We will also have calculated and explained momentum of the shots. ................
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