THE 100 MOST INFLUENTIAL INVENTORS OF ALL TIME
[Pages:337]Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.
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First Edition
Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Robert Curley: Manager, Science and Technology
Rosen Educational Services Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Senior Editor and Project Manager Nelson S?: Art Director Matthew Cauli: Designer Introduction by Stephanie Watson
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The 100 most influential inventors of all time / edited by Robert Curley.--1st ed. p. cm.--(The Britannica guide to the world's most influential people)
"In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services." Includes index. ISBN 978-1-61530-042-6 (eBook) 1. Inventors--Biography--Popular works. 2. Inventions--History--Popular works. I. Curley, Robert, 1955? II. Title: One hundred most influential inventors of all time. T39.A14 2010 609.2'2--dc22
2009027248
Cover photo: David Joel/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images
CONTENTS
Introduction
8
Cro-Magnon
17
Imhotep
19
Archimedes
21
Cai Lun
22
Heron of Alexandria
23
Johannes Gutenberg
26
Christiaan Huygens
31
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
35
Benjamin Franklin
38
James Watt
48
Joseph and ?tienne Montgolfier 52
Alessandro Volta
54
Joseph-Marie Jacquard
56
John Loudon McAdam
57
Nic?phore Ni?pce
59
Robert Fulton
61
Eli Whitney
66
Alois Senefelder
69
Sir William Congreve
70
Ren? La?nnec
71
George Stephenson
75
Louis Daguerre
77
Samuel F.B. Morse
79
Charles Babbage
83
Sir Rowland Hill
88
Charles Goodyear
89
John Deere
91
Claude-?tienne Mini?
92
Louis Braille
94
Cyrus McCormick
96
Elisha Graves Otis
99
Sir Henry Bessemer
100
Samuel Colt
103
Richard J. Gatling
105
25 50
66
James Starley
106
Alfred Nobel
108
John Wesley Hyatt
113
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
115
Georges Leclanch?
118
Hiram Maxim
120
John P. Holland
123
Karl Benz and Gottlieb
Daimler
124
Wilhelm Conrad R?ntgen
128
Thomas Edison
129
Alexander Graham Bell
142
Otto Lilienthal
148
Emil Berliner
150
Nikola Tesla
151
Rudolf Diesel
155
George Washington Carver
156
James A. Naismith
160
Auguste and Louis Lumi?re
162
Henry Ford
163
Reginald Fessenden
168
Wilbur and Orville Wright
170
Lee de Forest
182
Guglielmo Marconi
186
Robert Goddard
192
Clarence Birdseye
196
Igor Sikorsky
197
Vladimir Zworykin
202
Edwin H. Armstrong
204
R. Buckminster Fuller
207
Paul M?ller
212
Ernest O. Lawrence
213
Charles Stark Draper
215
Walt Disney
218
William P. Lear
224
Felix Wankel
226
John von Neumann
227
95 119
148
Chester F. Carlson
233
Grace Murray Hopper
234
Frank Whittle
236
John Mauchly and
J. Presper Eckert
237
Edward Teller
240
Michael DeBakey
244
Willard Libby
246
Edwin Herbert Land
249
Virginia Apgar
251
Leo Fender
252
William Shockley, John Bardeen,
and Walter Brattain
253
Wernher von Braun
257
Charles Townes
261
Gertrude B. Elion
263
Frederick Sanger
264
Tom Kilburn
270
Stephanie Kwolek
272
Douglas Engelbart
274
Robert Noyce
276
Ron Toomer
279
Heinrich Rohrer and
Gerd Binnig
280
Paul Lauterbur and
Peter Mansfield
283
Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf
286
Ian Wilmut
290
Rodney Brooks
297
Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak 299
Tim Berners-Lee
308
Bill Gates
310
Linus Torvalds
313
Sergey Brin and Larry Page
315
Glossary
318
For Further Reading
322
Index
324
235
308 315
INTRODUCTION
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