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10 nm = _____ m[A] 10-8 [B] 10-7 [C] 10-9 [D] 10-10The size of nanoparticles is between _____ nm.[A] 100 to 1000 [B] 0.1 to 10 [C] 1 to 100 [D] 0.01 to 1The diameter of hydrogen atom is...[A] 1 [B] 10 [C] 0.1 [D] 0.01Carbon atoms make ____ type of bond with other carbon atoms.[A] covalent [B] ionic [C] metallic [D] hydrogenFullerene or bucky ball is made up of ____ carbon atoms.[A] 100 [B] 20 [C] 75 [D] 60The thermal conductivity of a standard SWNT along its length is ____ watt/(m.K)[A] 3500 [B] 385 [C] 35000 [D] 351 m = _____ nm.[A] 10-9 [B] 10-8 [C] 109 [D] 108"There is plenty of room at the bottom." This was stated by _____.[A] Eric Drexler [B] Richard Feynmann [C] Harold Croto [D] Richard SmalleyWho coined the word 'nanotechnology'?[A] Eric Drexler [B] Richard Feynmann [C] Sumio Tijima [D] Richard SmalleyAccording to the definition by CRN, nanotechnology is...[A] mechanical engineering [B] atomic engineering [C] Newtonian mechanics [D] micro-electronicsNanoscience can be studied with the help of...[A] quantum mechanics [B] Newtonian mechanics [C] macro-dynamics [D] geophysicsGreeks and Romans had used nanoparticles in the manufacture of...[A] cosmetics for eyes [B] medicines [C] metal articles [D] hair-dyeEgyptians were using ____ to prepare make-up for eyes.[A] nanoaluminium [B] nanocopper [C] nanosteel [D] nanoleadThe sword of Tipu Sultan was made of...[A] nanolead [B] nanoaluminium [C] Damascus steel [D] Pure iron_____ contains nanoparticles prepared by using biologically processed metal ores.[A] Homeopathic medicines [B] Modern antibiotics [C] Ayurvedic 'Bhasmas' [D] Modern cosmeticsWho was the first scientist to describe that substances having nanodimensions possess altogether different and unique properties?[A] Richard Feynmann [B] Eric Drexler [C] Archimedes [D] Michael FaradayWhich of the following does not apply to nanotechnology?[A] It is a general-purpose technology. [B] It can be called Green technology.[C] Newtonian mechanics can describe it. [D] It involves rearrangement of atoms.The diameter of human hair is ____ nm.[A] 50,000 [B] 75,000 [C] 90,000 [D] 1,00,000The diameter of human hair is ____ m.[A] 5 x 10-8 [B] 5 x 10-7 [C] 5 x 10-6 [D] 5 x 10-5The cut-off limit of human eye is ____ nm.[A] 2,000 [B] 5,000 [C] 10,000 [D] 50,000The size of E.Coli bacteria is ____ nm.[A] 2,000 [B] 5,000 [C] 50 [D] 90The size of RBC is ____ nm.[A] 50 [B] 90 [C] 2,000 [D] 5,000The thickness of a transistor is ____ nm.[A] 50 [B] 90 [C] 2,000 [D] 5,000The size of a virus is ____ nm.[A] 2 [B] 20 [C] 50 [D] 2000The diameter of a bucky ball is ____ nm.[A] 1,000 [B] 100 [C] 10 [D] 1The width of a typical DNA molecule is ____ nm.[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 5 [D] 101 micrometer (micron) = ______ m.[A] 10-9 [B] 10-8 [C] 10-7 [D] 10-61 micrometer (micron) = ______ nm.[A] 1,000 [B] 100 [C] 10 [D] 0.01The full form of STM is...[A] Scanning Tunneling Microscope [B] Scientific Technical Microscope [C] Systematic Technical Microscope[D] Super Tensile MicroscopeWhat does 'F' stand for in AFM?[A] Fine [B] Front [C] Force [D] FluxWhich ratio decides the efficiency of nanosubstances?[A] Weight/volume [B] Surface area/volume [C] Volume/weight [D] Pressure/volumeThe surface area to volume ratio of a sphere with radius 1 cm is R1?and that of a sphere with radius 5 cm is R2. Then R1?= ____ R2.[A] 3 [B] 1/3 [C] 5 [D] 1/5The surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side 1 unit is R1?and that of a cube with side 10 units is R2. Then R2?= ____ R1.[A] 1/10 [B] 10 [C] 1/100 [D] 100The two important properties of nanosubstances are...[A] pressure and friction [B] sticking and friction [C] sticking and temperature [D] temperature and frictionWith the help of _____, Robert F. Curl and others discovered fullerene.[A] electron microscope [B] magnetic resonance [C] condensation technique [D] mass spectrographIn the structure of fullerene each carbon atom forms covalent bonds with ____ other carbon atoms.[A] one [B] two [C] three [D] four Who had invented the famous 'Geodesic' dome structure?[A] Eric Drexler [B] Buckminster Fuller [C] Richard Smalley [D] FaradayThe largest cluster of carbon atoms in Bucky balls known till today consists of ____ carbon atoms.[A] 60 [B] 75 [C] 180 [D] 540The smallest cluster of carbon atoms in Bucky balls known till today consists of ____ carbon atoms.[A] 75 [B] 60 [C] 20 [D] 15The tensile strength of an MWNT is ____ Pa.[A] 63 x 106 [B] 63 x 107 [C] 63 x 108 [D] 63 x 109The compressive strength of a nanotube _____ its tensile strength.[A] is less than [B] is greater than [C] is equal to [D] may be greater thanThe hardness of a standard SWNT is ____ Pa.[A] 63 x 106 [B] 25 x 106 [C] 25 x 109 [D] 25 x 10-9The bulk modulus of a standard SWNT is ____ that of diamond.[A] less than [B] greater than [C] equal to [D] less than or equal toHow much current can be passed through 1 cm2?cross-section of a metal nanotube?[A] 10-9 A [B] 109 A [C] 1000 A [D] 0.001 AThe electrical conductivity of a nanotube is ____ times that of copper.[A] 10 [B] 100 [C] 1000 [D] 1/100An MWNT possesses electrical superconductivity up to temperature of...[A] 12 K [B] 12°C [C] 100 K [D] 100°At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of a copper wire is ____ watt/(m.K).[A] 3500 [B] 350 [C] 385 [D] 38.5In radial direction, the thermal conductivity of a nanotube is ____ watt/(m.K).[A] 3500 [B] 385 [C] 350 [D] 0The thermal stability of a nanotube is seen up to ____ K in vacuum.[A] 100 [B] 1000 [C] 2200 [D] 3100The thermal conductivity of an SWNT along length is ____ watt/(m.K).[A] 35 [B] 350 [C] 385 [D] 3500The size of a quantum dot is ____ nm.[A] 5 [B] 10 [C] 50 [D] 100The wavelength of visible light is ____ nm.[A] 40-70 [B] 400-700 [C] 4000-7000 [D] 40000-70000The capacity of a normal human eye to see the smallest object is ____ μm.[A] 10000 [B] 1000 [C] 100 [D] 10The width of a carbon nanotube is ____ nm.[A] 1 [B] 1.3 [C] 2.5 [D] 10The thermal stability of a nanotube is seen up to ____ K in air.[A] 100 [B] 1000 [C] 2000 [D] 3100Nanoparticles of which substance were found on the surface of the sword of Tipu Sultan?[A] Gold [B] Lead [C] Carbon [D] SiliconNano particles of which atom are used to control collateral damage due to explosion?[A] Copper [B] Aluminium [C] Carbon [D] LeadWho prepared and explained nanotubes for the first time?[A] Sumio Tijima [B] Richard Smalley [C] Eric Drexler [D] Richard FeynmannWhich of the following statement/s is are true?Volume to surface area ratio is very large for nanomaterials.The cut-off limit of human eye is 10-5?m.Hardness of a SWNT is about 63 x 109?Pa.Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes.[A] All four [B] (ii) and (iv) [C] (i), (ii) and (iv) [D] (ii), (iii) and (iv)Match the objects in Part A with their size in Part B.[A] 1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b [B] 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d[C] 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c [D] 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-aMatch the items in Part A with appropriate alternative in Part B.?[A] 1-c, 2-d, 3-a [B] 1-c, 2-b, 3-a [C] 1-c, 2-a, 3-b [D] 1-a, 2-b, 3-dThe suffix '-ene' in the name of fullerene shows the presence of _____ in the molecule.[A] one triple bond [B] one double bond [C] two single bonds [D] two triple bondsANSWERS(1) A (2) C (3) C (4) A (5) D (6) A (7) C (8) B (9) A (10) B (11) A (12) D (13) D (14) C (15) C (16) D (17) C (18) A (19) D (20) C (21) A (22) D (23) B (24) C (25) D (26) B (27) D (28) A (29) A (30) C (31) B (32) C (33) A (34) B (35) D (36) C (37) B (38) D (39) C (40) D (41) A (42) C (43) B (44) B (45) C (46) A (47) C (48) D (49) D (50) D (51) A (52) B (53) D (54) B (55) B (56) C (57) B (58) A (59) D (60) C (61) C (62) BThere is a plenty of room at the bottom." This was stated byIssac Newton?Albert EinsteinRichard Feynman?Eric Drexler1 nanometre= _______ cm.10(-9)10(-8)10(-7)10(-6)The size of E.coli bacteria is ______ nm7500020002005The diameter of human hair is _______ m75000757.5 x 10(-5)7.5 x 10(-9)The most important property of nanomaterials isforcefrictionpressuretemperatureThe diameter of a bucky ball is about ______1 Ao100 Ao1 nm10 nmA bucky ball is a molecule consisting of ___ carbon atoms506075100The cut-off limit of human eye to see is _____ nm101001000100001 meter = ______ nm.10910(-9)101010(-10)The diameter of a bucky ball is about ______1 Ao10 Ao100 Ao1000 AoThe diameter of hydrogen atom is ______ nm.1010.10.01The size of a quantum dot is ______ m.55 x 10(-9)5 x 10(-10)5 x 10(-11)20 micron = ______ nm20 x 10(-9)20 x 109200200001 mm = ______ nm10610(-6)10710(-7)The hardest material found in nature is ______.steeltopazdiamondquartz______ are the extentions of bucky balls.Geodesic domesHexagonsCarbon nanotubesAFM and STMNanotechnology, in other words, isCarbon engineeringAtomic engineeringSmall technologyMicrophysicsThe width of carbon nanotube is ______nm.11.31.5510The diameter of fly ash particles is _____ μm5-1010-2020-30100The tensile strength of a carbon nanotube is _____ times that of steel.10251001000The ratio of thermal conductivity of silver to that of a carbon nanotube is _____.?100 : 11 : 10010 : 11 : 10In a bucky ball, each carbon atom is bound to _____ adjacent carbon atoms.1234The size of red and white blood cells is in the range of _____μm.2-55-77-1010-15ANSWERS TO MCQs:(1) C (2) C (3) B (4) C (5) B (6) C (7) C (8) D (9) A (10) B (11) C (12) B (13) D (14) A (15) C (16) C (17) B (18) B (19) B (20) C (21) D (22) C (23) ASHORT ANSWERSWho coined the word "Nanotechnology"?ANS: K. Eric Drexler coined the word "Nanotechnology".Who wrote the book "Engines of Creation"?ANS: K. Eric Drexler wrote the book "Engines of Creation".What is the meaning of the Greek word "Nano"?ANS: "Nano" means "dwarf".What is the meaning of "Technology"?ANS:"Technology" is a process of using scientific principles and techniques to design new materials, devices, and systems for prosperity, comforts, betterment and enhancement of human life.What is Atomic Engineering?ANS:Atomic Engineering is the science involving manufacture of products with different properties by rearrangement of atoms.Define: Nanotechnology.ANS:Nanotechnology is atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule building of structures that will be helpful in manufacturing new devices and systems.How much is 1 micron in meter ?ANS:1 micron is equal to 10-6?meter.?What is the size of an integrated circuit transistor?ANS:The size of an integrated circuit transistor is 90 nm.What is the size of a virus?ANS:A virus is 50 nm in size.Mention the width of a DNA molecule.ANS:A DNA molecule has width of about 2 nm.What is the diameter of the hydrogen atom?ANS:The diameter of the hydrogen atom is 0.1 nm.What is the full form of MEMS?ANS:"MicroElectro Mechanical Systems" is the full form of MEMSWhat is the size of red blood cells?ANS:The size of red blood cells is 5000 nm.What is the size of a quantum dot?ANS:The size of a quantum dot is 5 nm.Who invented STM(Scanning Tunneling Microscope)?ANS:Gern Binnig and Heinrich Rohre of IBM Research Lab invented STM in 1981.What can be considered as a loose atom or molecule floating in space?ANS:Anything smaller than a nanometer can be considered as a loose atom or molecule floating in space.What made it possible to study atoms and their manipulation in developing new structures ?ANS:The invention of Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM) made it possible to study atoms and their manipulation in developing new structures.?What is the full form of AFM?ANS:The full form of AFM is Atomic Force Microscope.Which two types of fundamental molecules find wide applications in nanotechnology?ANS:Bucky balls and carbon nanotubes are two types of fundamental molecules that find wide applications in nanotechnology.Why does nanotechnology play by different rules ?ANS:Nanotechnology plays by different rules because of larger surface area relative to the volume of nanomaterials.?Who discovered Buckminsterfullerene(bucky ball)?ANS:Robert F. Curl,Jr.; Harold W. Croto; and Richard E. Smalley discovered the buckminsterfullerene in 1985.What does a bucky ball comprise of?ANS:A bucky ball comprises of 60 carbon atoms in the architectural configuration of a soccer ball(sphere).Who designed the famous geodesic dome?ANS:American architect Buckminster Fuller designed the famous geodesic dome.What are carbon nanotubes? OR What are fullerenes?ANS:Carbon nanotubes are long tubular structures formed by joining bucky balls without their ends closing so that spheres are not formed.Who conceptualised carbon nanotubes?ANS:Richard Smalley conceptualised carbon nanotubes.What is a bucky tube?ANS:A bucky tube is a carbon nanotube derived from bucky balls.Mention the types of carbon nanotubes.ANS:The types of carbon nanotubes are:(1) Single Walled Nano Tube (SWNT)and (2)Multi Walled Nano Tube (MWNT)List out the areas of nanoscience.ANS:The areas of nanoscience are:(1)nanotubes (2)nanofabrication (3)nanomaterials (4)nanocompositesWho photographed nanotubes for the first time ?ANS:Sumio Tijima of NEC Laboratory photographed nanotubes for the first time.?Why do carbon nanotubes have very high tensile strength ?ANS:Carbon nanotubes have very high tensile strength due to carbon-carbon bonds and the fact that each carbon tube is a very large molecule.How do carbon nanotubes conduct heat ??OR?Why do carbon nanotubes have high thermal conductivity ?ANS:Carbon nanotubes have high thermal conductivity because they conduct heat by vibrations of covalent bonds between carbon atoms.?How is nanotechnology useful in destroying tumours of cancer ?ANS:A nanoshell of 100nm diameter floating through the body will be able to get attached only to cancerous cells which upon excitation by a laser beam will dissipate heat and destroy the tumour.?How can the melting point of materials be tuned using nanotechnology ?ANS:The melting point of materials can be tuned by controlling their particle size in the range of nanoscale.?How can collateral damage be minimized during explosion using nanotechnology ?ANS: The collateral damage during explosion can be minimized by varying the size of nanoparticles in munitions.What is the use of nanocrystals ?ANS:Nanocrystals can be used to transform electricity into light without excessive loss of energy due to heating.?Which fields of science will be affected by the progress of nanotechnology ?ANS:The fields like nanotubes, nanofabrication, nanomaterials and nanocomposites will be affected by the progress of nanotechnology.?Mention two phenomena which are dominant and important at nanoscales(as compared to larger dimensions).ANS:Sticking and friction are dominant and important at nanoscales.?How can the mapping of DNA of a newly born baby be useful ?ANS:The mapping of DNA of a newly born baby can help obtain information about future potential problems, enabling to curtail diseases at an early stage.?Mention the range of wavelength of visible light in nanometer.ANS: The range of wavelength of visible light is 400 to 700 nm.?Who outlined the "Vision and Prospects of Atomic Engineering'?ANS: Richard Feynman.?What is the diameter of human hair?ANS: The diameter of human hair is 75000 nm.?What is the full form of GPS?ANS: The full form of GPS is Global Positioning System.?What is the size of MEMS?ANS: The size of MEMS is 10-6?to 10?-4?m.?What is the size of a nanoshell?ANS: The size of a nanoshell is 100 nm.?1. Which of the following is an example of top-down approach for the preparation of nanomaterials?a) Gas phase agglomerationb) Molecular self-assemblyc) Mechanical grindingd) Molecular beam epitaxyView AnswerAnswer: cExplanation: Mechanical grinding is an example of top-down approach for the preparation of nanomaterials. All the other options are the example of bottom-up approach.2. Which of the following is an example of bottom-up approach for the preparation of nanomaterials?a) Etchingb) Dip pen nano-lithographyc) Lithographyd) ErosionView AnswerAnswer: bExplanation: Dip pen nanolithography is an example of bottom-down approach for the preparation of nanomaterials. All the other options are the example of top-down approach.3. The properties like melting point, solubility, color, etc changes on varying thea) Sizeb) Compositionc) Surface propertiesd) None of the mentionedView AnswerAnswer: aExplanation: The properties like melting point, solubility, color, etc changes on varying the size of the particles. These all are the physical properties and depends upon the physical characteristics of the particle.4. The properties like dispersibility, conductivity, etc changes on varying thea) Sizeb) Compositionc) Surface propertiesd) None of the mentionedView AnswerAnswer: cExplanation: The properties like dispersibility, conductivity, etc changes on varying the surface properties of the nanoparticle. These all are the chemical properties and depends upon the surface characteristics of the particle.5. Quantum confinement results ina) Energy gap in semiconductor is proportional to the inverse of the square root of sizeb) Energy gap in semiconductor is proportional to the inverse of the sizec) Energy gap in semiconductor is proportional to the square of sized) Energy gap in semiconductor is proportional to the inverse of the square of sizeView AnswerAnswer: dExplanation: The energy gap in a semiconductor is proportional to the inverse of the square of size. This effect is a result of quantum confinement.6. Which of the following is the principal factor which causes the properties of nanomaterials to differ significantly from other materials?a) Size distributionb) Specific surface featurec) Quantum size effectsd) All the mentionedView AnswerAnswer: dExplanation: Size distribution, specific surface feature and quantum size effects are the principal factor which causes the properties of nanomaterials to differ significantly from other materials.7. Select the incorrect statement from the following options.a) Self-assembly is a top-down manufacturing techniqueb) In self-assembly, weak interactions play very important rolec) Self-assembling molecules adopt a organised structure which is thermodynamically more stable than the single, unassembled componentsd) Compared to the isolated components, the self-assembled structure has a higher orderView AnswerAnswer: aExplanation: Self-assembly is a bottom-down manufacturing technique. All the other options are correct. In self-assembly, weak interactions play very important role, self-assembling molecules adopt a organised structure which is thermodynamically more stable than the single, unassembled components.8. Which of the following is the application of nanotechnology to food science and technology?a) Agricultureb) Food safety and biosecurityc) Product developmentd) All of the mentionedView AnswerAnswer: dExplanation: The application of nanotechnology to food science and technology are agriculture, food safety and biosecurity, product development, food processing and ingredient technologies.9. What are the advantages of nano-composite packages?a) Lighter and biodegradableb) Enhanced thermal stability, conductivity and mechanical strengthc) Gas barrier propertiesd) All of the mentionedView AnswerAnswer: dExplanation: The advantages of nano-composite packages are-Lighter and biodegradable, enhanced thermal stability, conductivity, mechanical strength and gas barrier properties.10. The efficiency of today’s best solar cell is abouta) 15-20%b) 40%c) 50%d) 75%View AnswerAnswer: bExplanation: The efficiency of today’s best solar cells is about 40%. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. ................
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