KLASIFIKASI



KLASIFIKASI MINERAL PEMBENTUK BATUAN

Oleh :

HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA ALUMNI STEMBAYO

No. |Mineral |Class |Formula |Low H |High H |Low SG |High SG |Crystal |Habit |Cleavage |Fracture |Transparency |Color |Luster |Streak |Rarity |Field Marks |TextSearch | |1 |actinolite |Silicates |Ca2 (Mg,Fe)5 Si8 O22 (OH)2 |5 |6 |2,9 |3,2 |monoclinic |prismatic, radiating, fibrous |2: perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |green, white, gray |vitreous |white |Very Common |toughness, typical green color, cleavage toughness (nephrite jade), fibrosity (asbestos), crystal habit and hardness. |Nephrite, if finely colored and translucent, can be used for carvings. Jade is used as a gemstone. Asbestos is an excellent insulator but causes cancer.Albite, Barite, Chlorite, Epidote, Muscovite, Serpentine, (Marble)Contains both iron and magnesium an | |2 |adamite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Zn2 (AsO4) (OH) |3,5 |3,5 |4,3 |4,5 |orthorhombic |small, many faceted prisms |2: 1 good, 1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, yellow, green |vitreous |white |Very Rare |wedge shaped drusy crystals, brilliant green fluorescence |Used as an ore of zinc.Limonite, Aurichalcite, Austinite, Mimetite, Wulfenite, Hemimorphite, Legrandite, ParadamiteAdamite crystals are usually embedded in Limonite which is rusty and crumbly and stains the hands. A variety containing copper is called Cu | |4 |albite |Silicates |Na Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,6 |2,6 |triclinic |tabular, often massive |3: 2 good, 1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |white, gray, colorless |vitreous, pearly |white |Very Common |Occurence, crystal habit, hardness, striations |A cleavage fragment of the plagioclase feldspar Albite showing its characteristic twinning striations.Albite is used in the manufacture of ceramics. Forms excellent crystal specimens.

Quartz, Muscovite, Biotite, Potassium Feldspar, Tourmaline, Hornblende | |5 |allanite |Silicates |(Ce,Ca,Y)2 (Al,Fe)3 (SiO4)3 (OH) |5,5 |6 |3,5 |4,2 |monoclinic |tabular, prismatic |none |uneven |opaque |black, brown |vitreous |gray, green ,brown |Very Rare |Crystal habit, color, radioactivity, luster and hardness. |As a source of rare earth metalsquartz, feldspars, biotite, thorite, monazite and epidoteAllanite, is known as "orthite" in Europe and is one of the most common rare earth minerals. Often slightly radioactive.Crystal habit, color, radioactivity, luster a | |6 |alunite |Sulfates |K Al3 (SO4)2 (OH)6 |3,5 |4 |2,6 |2,8 |hexagonal |rhombohedral, massive, earthy |basal, good |conchoidal |opaque |white, gray, red |vitreous |white |Rare | |rhombohedral, massive, earthy | |7 |amblygonite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |(Li,Na) Al (PO4) (F,OH) |5,5 |6 |3,1 |3,1 |triclinic |rough crystals; compact or cleavable masses |4: 3 good, 1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, yellow, pink, green, blue |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |Very similar to orthoclase; lithium flame test numerous cleavage angles |Used as a source of lithium and phosphorous and crystals as gemstones.lepidolite, quartz, albite, topaz, cassiterite, apatiteName comes from the Greek words for "blunt angles" in allusion to its angled four cleavages.Very similar to orthoclase; lithium fl | |8 |analcime |Silicates |Na Al Si2 O6 · 2H2O |5 |5,5 |2,2 |2,3 |isometric |crystals usually well-formed trapezohedrons or cubes, massive |none |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, pink, yellow |vitreous |white |Very Common |occurs as shiny, glass-clear crystals lining cavities |quartz, calcite, serandite, apophyllite, natrolite, stilbite, heulandite and other

zeolites.occurs as shiny, glass-clear crystals lining cavitiescrystals usually well-formed trapezohedrons or cubes, massive | |9 |anatase |Simple Oxides |Ti O2 |5,5 |6 |3,8 |3,9 |tetragonal |pyramids or tabular |perfect basal |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |brown, black, blue, red |adamantine |White ,yellow |Very Rare |Crystal habit, luster, cleavage, density, streak, associations and locality |A very minor ore of titanium.brookite, rutile, quartz, feldspars, apatite, hematite, chlorite, micas, calcite, sphene.Anatase is a polymorph with the minerals rutile and brookite and is the rarer of the three.Crystal habit, luster, cleavage, density, stre | |10 |andalusite |Silicates |Al2 Si O5 |7 |7,5 |3,1 |3,3 |orthorhombic |granular,massive,usually square cross section |2 good at 90° |uneven |opaque, translucent |white, pink, brown, gray |vitreous |white |Common |hardness, squarish shape in cross section, good cleavage |cordierite, biotite, feldspars, quartz, kyanite and sillimaniteAndalusite is a polymorph with kyanite and sillimanite. A polymorph is a mineral that shares the same chemistry but has a different crystal structure.hardness, squarish shape in cross section, | |11 |andesine |Silicates |Na Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,6 |2,7 |triclinic |commonly massive |3: 2 good at 90°, 1 poor |uneven |opaque |white, colorless, gray |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |Occurence, twinning striations, density and index of refraction |Quartz, Muscovite, Biotite, HornblendeBelongs to the Plagioclase Feldspar group along with Anorthite and Albite.Occurence, twinning striations, density and index of refractioncommonly massive | |12 |anglesite |Sulfates |Pb S O4 |2,5 |3 |6,4 |6,4 |orthorhombic |prismatic, tabular, massive |2 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, white |adamantine |white |Rare |high gravity, luster, untwinned crystals |An ore of lead. Crystals are highly collectable.Galena, Cerussite, Phosgenite, Smithsonite, Hemimorphite, Sphalerite, Azurite, Malachite, Sulfur, PyromorphiteA secondary lead mineral that always forms through the alteration of lead sulfides, mostly Galen | |13 |anhydrite |Sulfates |Ca S O4 |3 |4 |2,9 |3 |orthorhombic |crystalline or massive |3 good |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, blue, gray, red |vitreous |white, yellow-green |Rare |rectangular cleavage fragments, low gravity |Used for the production of sulfuric acid and as a filler in paper. Fine specimens are very collectable.Gypsum, Halite, Calcite, BruciteAnhydrite is a rare mineral as most specimens alter to the much more common Gypsum with the addition of water.rectangul | |14 |anorthite |Silicates |(Na,Ca) Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,7 |2,7 |triclinic |prismatic or massive |3: 2 good at 90°, 1poor |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |colorless, white, gray, green |vitreous |white |Very Common |Occurence, hardness, striations on cleavage surfaces |Of interest to collectors.Quartz, Muscovite, Biotite, Hornblende, AugiteBelongs to the Plagioclase Feldspar group along with Albite. Albite contains sodium and no calcium. Anorthite is the reverse.Occurence, hardness, striations on cleavage surfacespris | |15 |anthophyllite |Silicates |(Mg,Fe)7 Si8 O22 (OH)2 |5,5 |6 |2,8 |3,5 |orthorhombic |lamellar,fibrous needles, felted aggregates |3: 1 perfect, 2 good |uneven |translucent |gray, light green, light brown |vitreous |white |Rare |Cubelike crystals |Has some asbestos uses.talc, cordierite and phlogopiteAnthophyllite is a common component of some metamorphic and metasomatic rocks. Its name comes from the Latin word for

clove - an allusion to its typical and distinctive clove-brown color.Cubelike crys | |17 |apatite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Ca5 (F,Cl,OH)(PO4)3 |5 |5 |3,2 |3,2 |hexagonal |crystalline, massive |1 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |green, blue green, yellow, blue, pink |vitreous |white |Very Common |crystal shape, hardness, greasy luster |Essential in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, and is also very important in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Popular with collectors.

Quartz, Feldspar, Rutile, Magnetite, Nepheline, Leucite, Aegirine, Phlogopite, Cassiterite, Anatase | |18 |apophyllite |Silicates |K Ca4 Si8 O2O (F, OH) · 8H2O |4,5 |5 |2,3 |2,5 |tetragonal |pseudocubic, prismatic, foliated, massive |2: 1 perfect, 1 imperfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |white, colorless, greenish, reddish |vitreous,pearly |white |Rare |Crystal habit, cleavage, associations and enviroment |Of interest to collectors.prehnite, quartz, calcite, gyrolite, heulandite, stilbite, natroliteA popular mineral among collectors that may have a beautiful green color.Crystal habit, cleavage, associations and enviromentpseudocubic, prismatic, foliated, ma | |19 |aragonite |Carbonates |Ca C O3 |3,5 |4 |2,9 |2,9 |orthorhombic |elongate, concretionary,stalactitic,fibrous,radiating |3: 1 good, 2 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, yellow, red |vitreous |white |Common |twin crystal forms, single plane of cleavage, reaction to acid |Not much commercial value but interesting pieces are collectable.Quartz, Calcite, Gypsum, Albite, Cuprite, Azurite, Chalcopyrite, BorniteForms in many environments; as staligmites in caves and is also the main component of pearl and coral. The iridescent | |21 |argentite |Sulfides |Ag2 S |2 |2,5 |7 |7,3 |isometric |distorted, cubic, octahedral, massive |2 poor |conchoidal |opaque |lead grey, blackish |metallic, dull |metallic black, black |Rare |associated with native silver, silver sulfosalts and galena |One of the most signicant ores of silver.Barite, Bornite, Galena, Gold, Pyrargyrite, Pyrite, SilverA metallic mineral.associated with native silver, silver sulfosalts and galenadistorted, cubic, octahedral, massive | |23 |arsenopyrite |Sulfides |Fe As S |5,5 |6 |5,9 |6,2 |monoclinic |prismatic or massive |1 good |uneven |opaque |silver, gray |metallic |gray, black |Rare |crystal shape, smell when struck |A major ore of arsenic and a minor ore of gold. Fine crystal specimens are very collectable.Quartz, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrrhotite, Gold, Silver, Siderite, Garnet,

Muscovite, OrthoclaseIron arsenic sulfidecrystal shape, smell when struckprismatic or m | |24 |atacamite |Halides |Cu2 Cl (OH)3 |3 |3,5 |3,8 |3,8 |orthorhombic |prismatic, tabular, massive |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |green, green black |adamantine,vitreous |green |Rare |crystal habit, color, associations and localities |A minor ore of copper.limonite, chyrsocolla, cuprite, malachiteAtacamite is a deep green, and is often found with other colorful minerals such as chrysocolla, cuprite and malachite.crystal habit, color, associations and localitiesprismatic, tabular, mass | |25 |augite |Silicates |(Ca,Na) (Mg,Fe,Al,Ti) (Si,Al)2 O6 |5 |6 |3,3 |3,5 |monoclinic |usually prismatic |2 good at 90° |uneven |opaque |black, green-black |vitreous |white, gray |Very Common |nearly right angle cleavages |A collection of short, prismatic, greenish Augite crystals.A large broken crystalline mass of Augite.Of interest to collectors.olivine, biotite, nepheline, albite, apatite, serpentine, leucite, hornblendeAugite is an important rock-forming mineral in many | |26 |autunite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Ca (UO2)2 (PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |2 |2,5 |3 |3,2 |tetragonal |pseudo tetragonal plates, tabular,aggregate |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |yellow, yellow-green |pearly |yellow |Rare |vivid lemon yellow color, yellow streak, flat crystals, strong fluorescence, radioactive |A minor ore of uranium.Other uranium mineralsAutunite is an attractive and popular radioactive mineral.vivid lemon yellow color, yellow streak, flat crystals, strong fluorescence, radioactivepseudo tetragonal plates, tabular,aggregate | |27 |axinite |Silicates |Ca2 (Fe,Mn) Al2 (B O3) (Si4 O12) (OH) |6,5 |7 |3,2 |3,3 |triclinic |sharp blades or massive |1 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |brown, gray, blue, green, orange, yellow |vitreous |uncolored |Common |clove brown color, knife edged tabular crystals, striations on crystals |Collector interestdiopside, andradite, quartz, calcite, epidote, scheelite, prehniteFine crystal specimens are popular with collectors.clove brown color, knife edged tabular crystals, striations on crystalssharp blades or massive | |28 |azurite |Carbonates |Cu3 (C O3)2 (O H)2 |3,5 |4 |3,7 |3,9 |monoclinic |prismatic, tabular, massive |2 good |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |blue |vitreous |pale blue |Common |intense azure-blue color, association with malachite |An encrusting mass of Azurite on Limonite (brown) with associated Malachite (green).Spherical rosetts of Azurite on light bluish gray Calcalumite.An ore of copper. Fine blue pieces are cut into cabochons and beads, and larger pieces are sometimes cut int | |29 |barite |Sulfates |Ba S O4 |2,5 |3 |4,5 |4,5 |orthorhombic |platy,tabular,massive,earthy,stalactic masses |3: 2 good, 1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, yellow, red, green |vitreous |white |Common |high density for a light colored mineral, commonly occurs as "desert roses" with sand incusions |Barite is the main ore of barium. It is also important in the manufacture of paper, glass, rubber. A rich, white pigment is made from crushed Barite. Barite is also used in radiology for x-rays of the digestive system. Popular with collectors also.

Calc | |30 |beryl |Silicates |Be3 Al2 Si16 O18 |7,5 |8 |2,6 |2,8 |hexagonal |6 or 12 sided prisms, massive |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |blue,yellowgreen, pink, white, colorless |vitreous |white |Common |six-sided outline, hardness |Beryl is the main source of the element beryllium (formerly known as glucinium). Beryllium is a very tough metal, and is used in alloys to strengthen the metal. Emerald and Aquamarine are two beyrl gemstones.Quartz, Feldspars, Calcite, Muscovite, Pyrite | |31 |biotite |Silicates |K (Mg,Fe)2 (Al,Fe) Si3 O10 (OH,F)2 |2,5 |3 |2,7 |3,1 |monoclinic |tabular, foliated |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |brown, black, green |vitreous |white |Very Common |dark color |Common black Biotite mica with obvious cleavage laminations showing on the front of this specimen.As a heat insulatorquartz, feldspars, apatite, calcite, hornblende, garnetsBiotite is a common rock forming mineral.dark colortabular, foliated | |35 |borax |Borates |Na2 B4 O7 · 10H2O |2 |2,5 |1,7 |1,7 |monoclinic |prismatic or massive |2: 1 poor, 1 good |conchoidal |transparent |colorless, white |vitreous |white |Rare |disolves in water, sweetish taste |Borax has numerous industrial uses. It is dissolved in water to form an alkaline antiseptic solution that is used as a disinfectant, detergent, and water softener. Also used as a welding flux.Kernite, Ulexite, Halite, ThenarditeBorax occurs in arid regio | |36 |bornite |Sulfides |Cu5 Fe S4 |3 |3 |4,9 |5,3 |isometric |usually massive |none |conchoidal |opaque |brown-bronze, blue, violet |metallic |gray,black |Rare |occurs with copper, colorful tarnish (peacock) |Bornite is a common copper bearing mineral, and is sometimes used as an ore of copper.Pyrite, Calcite, Barite, Galena, Chalcopyrite, Chalcocite, MagnetiteTarnishes to an iridescent purple, blue, and redoccurs with copper, colorful tarnish (peacock)usually | |37 |bournonite |Sulfosalts |Pb Cu Sb S3 |2,5 |3 |5,5 |5,9 |orthorhombic |often twins, crystals or massive |3: 1 good, 2 poor |conchoidal |opaque |silver gray, black |metallic |gray,black |Rare |crystal habit (especially twinning) |A minor ore of lead and coppersiderite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, calcite, pyritecrystal habit (especially twinning)often twins, crystals or massive | |38 |brookite |Simple Oxides |Ti O2 |5,5 |6 |4,2 |4,9 |orthorhombic |tabular,crystals |3: 2 good, 1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |yellow-brown, red, black |adamantine,metallic |white,yellow,brown |Very Rare |crystal habit, luster, density, streak, associations and locality |A very minor ore of titaniumanatase, rutile, quartz, feldspars, chalcopyrite, hematite and spheneHas the same chemistry as rutile and anatase.crystal habit, luster, density, streak, associations and localitytabular,crystals | |39 |brucite |Hydroxides |Mg (OH)2 |2,5 |2,5 |2,4 |2,4 |hexagonal |crystals,massive,fibrous |1 perfect |uneven |translucent |white, blue, green, gray |vitreous,pearly |white |Rare |hardness, pearly cleavage on face, lack of greasy feel, inelastic |A minor source of metallic magnesium, a source of magnesia and as a refractory additive.calcite, wollastonite, nepheline, talc, aragonite, serpentine, chromite, dolomite, magnesiteNot of much interest to collectors but has commercial valuehardness, pearly | |40 |calcite |Carbonates |Ca C O3 |3 |3 |2,6 |2,7 |hexagonal |rhombohedra, prisms, massive |3 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |colorless, white |vitreous |white |Very Common |reaction to acid, abundance, hardness, double refraction, cleavage |Microscopic crystals of Calcite make up this specimen of the sedimentary rock travertine, a type of limestone. Various iron oxides give the Calcite shades of brown and yellow.Dog tooth Calcite crystals associated with Dolomite.Calcite is the primary ore | |41 |carnallite |Halides |K Mg Cl3 · 6H2O |2,5 |3 |1,6 |1,6 |orthorhombic |usually massive or granular |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, pink |vitreous |white |Rare |occurs chiefly as a component of large, thick sedimentary saline deposits |occurs chiefly as a component of large, thick sedimentary saline depositsusually massive or granular | |42 |carnotite |Vandium Oxysalts |K2 (UO2)2 (VO4)2 · 3H2O |1 |1 |4,7 |5 |monoclinic |earthy or powdery aggregates |1 perfect |earthy |opaque |yellow |earthy |pale yellow |Rare |bright yellow color, lack of any fluorescence, radioactivity |An important ore of uranium and vanadium.Other uranium and vanadium minerals in sandstones and limestonesA rare mineral and important commercially.bright yellow color, lack of any fluorescence, radioactivityearthy or powdery aggregates | |43 |cassiterite |Simple Oxides |Sn O2 |6 |7 |6,8 |7,1 |tetragonal |crystals, fibrous, massive |2 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |red-brown, black |adamantine |white,yellow,light brown |Rare |light brown streak, high gravity, hardness |A major ore of tin.tourmalines, molybdenite, bismuthinite, topaz, fluorite, arsenopyrite, wolframite.Nice crystals are ornately faceted specimens with high luster.light brown streak, high gravity, hardnesscrystals, fibrous, massive | |44 |celestite |Sulfates |Sr S O4 |3 |3,5 |4 |4 |orthorhombic |tabular, fibrous, granular |3: 1 perfect, 2 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, colorless, blue-tint, reddish |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |light blue color tint to only part of a crystal, flame test (red) |Celestite is the most common mineral containing the element strontium, and is its primary ore. Fine specimens are in high demand by collectors.Calcite, Barite, Fluorite, Gypsum, Dolomite, Galena, Sphalerite, Strontianite, Pyrite, Colemanite, Halite, Sulfu | |45 |cerrusite |Carbonates |Pb C O3 |3 |3,5 |6,5 |6,5 |orthorhombic |prismatic, granular, massive |2 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, gray |adamantine,vitreous |white |Rare |high gravity, high refraction and luster. |An ore of lead. Cerussite from certain locations is rich in silver and is thus used as a silver ore.Anglesite, Galena, Phosgenite, Azurite, Malachite, Barite, Pyromorphite,

Sphalerite, SmithsoniteCerussite is easily identifiable by its weight, brilliant | |46 |chabazite |Silicates |Ca (Al2 Si4) O12 · 6H2O |4 |5 |2,1 |2,2 |hexagonal |rhombohedral or massive |3 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, pink, yellow, brown |vitreous |white |Common |rhombohedral crystals, lack of pearly luster, lack of reaction to acids |Of interest to collectors.quartz, calcite, scolecite, apophyllite, natrolite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolitesOne of the lesser known zeolites but popular with collectors. Chabazite forms in the petrified bubbles (called vesicles) of volcanic rocks | |47 |chalcanthite |Sulfates |Cu S O4 · 5H2O |2,5 |2,5 |2,1 |2,3 |triclinic |flat crystals, also massive |none |conchoidal |translucent |dark blue |vitreous |pale blue |Common |disolves in water, taste (sweet, metallic) and color |Chalcanthite is an ore of copper in areas where it occurs in relative abundance, such as in Chile and Spain. Synthetic crystal specimens are common.Brochantite, Malachite, Calcite, Aragonite, ChalcopyriteChalcanthite is a secondary copper mineral formed | |48 |chalcocite |Sulfides |Cu2 S |2,5 |3 |5,7 |5,8 |orthorhombic |massive |1 poor |conchoidal |opaque |gray, black |metallic |shiny black, dark gray |Rare |gray color, associated with copper, very brittle |An important copper ore but rare.bornite, covellite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, enargite, millerite, galena, sphalerite.Has been mined for centuries and is one of the most profitable copper ores due to its high copper contentgray color, associated with copper, | |49 |chalcopyrite |Sulfides |Cu Fe S2 |3,5 |4 |4,1 |4,3 |tetragonal |massive |1 poor |conchoidal |opaque |brassy yellow |metallic |green-black |Very Common |hardness, color, brittleness |Massive, golden yellow Chalcopyrite associated with white Quartz.Massive weathered Chalcopyrite showing discolored weathered surface. Note the fresh brassy yellow surface on lower right of specimen.The chief ore of Copper.Pyrite, Sphalerite, Bornite, Cha | |50 |chlorite |Silicates |(Mg,Fe)6 (AlSi3) O10 (OH)8 |2 |2,5 |2,6 |3,3 |monoclinic |6 sided crystals,foliated,scales,compact,granular |1 perfect |earthy |transparent, translucent |green, black |vitreous,pearly |colorless |Very Common |green color, hardness, lack of elasticity |garnets, biotite, quartz, magnetite, talc, serpentine, danburite, topaz, calciteMost often known to mineral collectors usually as deep green inclusions in or as coatings on quartz, danburite, topaz, calcite and many other minerals.green color, hardness, l | |51 |chondrodite |Silicates |(Mg,Fe)3 (SiO4) (OH,F)2 |6 |6,5 |3,1 |3,1 |monoclinic |usually round grains, massive aggregates |1 poor |uneven |translucent |yellow, red-brown |vitreous,resinous |white |Common |hardness, low gravity, good one-directional cleavage |magnetite, diopside, spinel , pyrrhotite, graphite , humite, wollastonite and othersNot a very common mineral and is never seen in abundancehardness, low gravity, good one-directional cleavageusually round grains, massive aggregates | |52 |chromite |Multiple Oxides |Fe Cr2 O4 |5,5 |5,5 |4,5 |4,8 |isometric |octahedral, usually massive |none |uneven |opaque |black, brown |metallic |brown |Common |dark streak, weak magnetism |Chromite is the main ore of chromium.Serpentine, Uvarovite, Chlorite, Olivine, Magnetite, PlatinumCommonly occurs grainy, massive, in veins, as rounded pebbles, in rounded grains, and in nodular blobs embedded in rock.dark streak, weak magnetismoctahedral | |53 |chrysoberyl |Multiple Oxides |Be Al2 O4 |8,5 |8,5 |3,7 |3,7 |orthorhombic |prismatic, tabular, stellate |3: 1 good, 2 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, green, yellow, brown |vitreous |white |Rare |great hardness, gravity |Chrysoberyl makes a fine gemstone. The Alexandrite and Cat's Eye varieties are very expensive. A minor ore of beryllium.Beryl, Tourmaline, Microcline, Albite, Quartz, GarnetChrysoberyl is a rare gemstone. The attractive properties of Alexandrite and

Chr | |54 |chrysocolla |Silicates |(Cu,Al)2 H2 Si2 O5 (OH)4 · nH2O |2 |4 |2 |2,2 |monoclinic |botryoidal or earthy |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |blue green, blue, green |vitreous,earthy |white,green-white |Common |bright blue or green color, softness, brittleness, lack of crystals |Bands of blue to bluish-green Chrysocolla as a vein filling material.Blue Chrysocolla covered by white translucent Quartz.Silica rich Chrysocolla as a pore filling material in this breccia, with white pockets of Quartz.Drusy Quartz coating blue Chrysocoll | |55 |cinnabar |Sulfides |Hg S |2 |2,5 |8 |8,2 |hexagonal |rhombohedra, tabular, massive |3 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |red, gray, brown |adamantine,metallic |brownish-red |Rare |bright red color, softness, heaviness |An ore mercury and as a pigment.realgar, pyrite, dolomite, quartz, stibniteCinnabar was mined by the Roman Empire for its mercury content and has been the main ore of mercury for centuries.bright red color, softness, heavinessrhombohedra, tabular, massive | |56 |clinozoisite |Silicates |Ca2 Al3 Si3 O12 (OH) |6,5 |6,5 |3,3 |3,5 |monoclinic |elongated crystals,striated;rodlike aggregates |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |brown, green-gray, pale green |vitreous |white, gray-white |Common |brownish color, good cleavage lengthwise |brownish color, good cleavage lengthwiseelongated crystals,striated;rodlike aggregates | |58 |colemanite |Borates |Ca2 B6 O11 · 5H2O |4 |4,5 |2,4 |2,4 |monoclinic |clear prismatic crystals; also granular or massive |2: 1 perfect, 1 good |uneven |transparent, translucent |white, pink, red |adamantine,vitreous |white |Rare |shape of crystals, cleavage, hardness |Colemanite has many important uses. It is one of the most significant ores of boron. It is also used in the manufacture of heat resistant glass, and has other industrial, medicinal, and cosmetical uses.Ulexite, Borax, Realgar, CelestiteColemanite forms i | |59 |columbite |Multiple Oxides |(Fe,Mn) (Nb,Ta)2 O6 |6 |6 |5,3 |8,1 |orthorhombic |prismatic or tabular crystals;twins;massive |1 good |uneven |opaque |dark brown, dark black |metallic |black, brown |Rare |iridescent (bluish) fracture surfaces |An ore of niobium and tantalumalbite, spodumene, cassiterite, microcline, lepidolite, apatite, beryl, microlite, tourmalines, amblygoniteHas known superconductive properties and is being studied with other

metals for a possible new alloy.iridescent (blui | |60 |copper |Native Elements |Cu |2,5 |3 |8,5 |9 |isometric |octahedra, massive, arborescent |none |hackly |opaque |red, brown tarnish |metallic |red |Very Rare |color, malleability |A sheet of native Copper that was produced by secondary mineralization of an ore body. The Copper filled the joints in the host rock.A native Copper nugget shown its water-worn surface.Copper ranks second for the most-used metal in the world. The main u | |61 |cordierite |Silicates |Mg2 Al4 Si5 O18 |7 |7,5 |2,6 |2,7 |orthorhombic |pseudohexagonal, massive, granular |1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |blue, violet, gray, brown, black |vitreous,dull |white |Rare |blue color, dichroic (color changes based on viewing angle) |As a gemstone.almandine, corundum, andalusite, biotite and feldsparsHas strong pleochroism, or color changing ability. Sometimes called "water saphire".blue color, dichroic (color changes based on viewing angle)pseudohexagonal, massive, granular | |62 |corundum |Simple Oxides |Al2 O3 |9 |9 |3,9 |4,1 |hexagonal |rhombohedral,also massive,crude 6-sided crystals |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |brown, pink, blue, white, green, red, colorless |adamantine,vitreous |white |Common |extreme hardness, gravity, striations on parting faces |Massivie corrundum (ruby) in green zoisite.A hexagonal cross section produced along a parting plane of a Corundum crystal.Hexagonal prisms of Corundum (variety ruby) in granite.Fine specimens are used as gemstones. Used extensively as an abrasive.Albite, | |63 |covellite |Sulfides |Cu S |1,5 |2 |4,6 |4,6 |hexagonal |hex plates, usually massive |1 perfect |uneven |opaque |deep indigo metallic blue |resinous |black |Rare |platy characteristics, blue color, associated with other copper minerals |A minor ore of copperpyrite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, cuprite, borniteplaty characteristics, blue color, associated with other copper mineralshex plates, usually massive | |64 |cristobalite |Silicates |Si O2 |6 |7 |2,3 |2,3 |tetragonal |octahedral,massive |none |conchoidal |translucent |white, colorless |vitreous |white, colorless |Very Rare |crystal habit, environment of formation (usually in the crevices of volcanic rocks), color and index of refraction |Of scientific interest.Tridymite, Feldspar, Olivine, HornblendeWhen heated to 350ºF (180ºC), Cristobalite becomes clear and transparent. However, when it cools down afterwards, it returns to its translucent state and becomes whitish again.crystal habit, | |65 |crocoite |Chromates |Pb Cr O4 |2,5 |3 |5,9 |6,1 |monoclinic |prismatic, granular |3: 1 good, 2 poor |conchoidal |translucent |red, orange |vitreous |orange yellow |Very Rare |bright orange-red color, high luster |Crocoite was at one time a main ore of chromium, but it is now too rare to be used. Crystals are highly sought after by mineral collectors because of its attractive color.Wulfenite, Cerussite, Vanadinite, Pyromorphite, GalenaBecause of its beauty, Crocoit | |66 |cryolite |Halides |Na3 Al F |2,5 |3 |2,9 |2,9 |monoclinic |cuboidal crystals, usually massive |none |uneven |translucent |colorless, white |vitreous,pearly |white |Very Rare |lack of salty taste, usually encloses brown siderite and gray galena |Use in aluminum processingsiderite, quartz, topaz, fluorite, chalcopyrite, galena, cassiterite, molybdenite, columbiteOnly found in large quantities on the west coast of Greenlandlack of salty taste, usually encloses brown siderite and gray galenacuboida | |67 |cuprite |Simple Oxides |Cu2 O |3,5 |4 |5,8 |6,1 |isometric |octahedral, massive, or earthy |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |red, red-black |adamantine |red-brown,shiny,yellow |Rare |color, crystal form and softness |Ore of copper.limonite, copper, chrysocolla, malachiteMined in many places around the worldcolor, crystal form and softnessoctahedral, massive, or earthy | |68 |danburite |Silicates |Ca B2 Si2 O8 |7 |7,3 |2,9 |3 |orthorhombic |clear prismatic crystals with wedge shaped ends |1 poor |uneven |transparent |usually colorless, pale yellow |vitreous |white |Rare |crystal habit, poor cleavage, hardness and associations |Of interest to collectors.quartz, feldspars, cassiterite, dolomite, corundumcrystal habit, poor cleavage, hardness and associationsclear prismatic crystals with wedge shaped ends | |69 |datolite |Complex Silicates |Ca B Si O4 (OH) |5 |5,5 |2,9 |3,2 |monoclinic |prismatic, massive, granular |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, greenish |vitreous |white |Rare |glassy, pale-green color, wedge-shaped crystals |Of interest to collectors.prehnite, danburite, babingtonite, epidote, copper, calcite, quartzDatolite is often found in basalt vesicles with calcite and zeolites.glassy, pale-green color, wedge-shaped crystalsprismatic, massive, granular | |70 |diamond |Native Elements |C |10 |10 |3,5 |3,5 |isometric |cubes, octahedra, pebbles |4 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, pale yellow, pale brown |adamantine |white, gray |Very Rare |extreme hardness |With it's unique properties Diamond is used as a gem; an abrasive; in electronics; as thermal insulators; as impenetrators; and in optics.Olivine, Magnetite, Pyrope, Phologopite, (Kimberlite)Diamond has many unique qualities. It is the hardest known subst | |72 |diopside |Silicates |Ca Mg Si2 O6 |5 |6 |3,2 |3,4 |monoclinic |prismatic, massive, granular |2 good (87° and 93°) |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, green, black, gray, yellow |vitreous |white,gray |Very Common |light green color, cleavage angles |A minor gemstone.fluorite, dolomite, chlorite, vesuvianite, phlogopite, actinolite, olivine, calcite.Diopside is an important rock forming mineral in several metamorphic and igneous rocks. Also found in meteorites.light green color, cleavage anglesprisma | |73 |dioptase |Silicates |Cu Si O2 (OH)2 |5 |5 |3,2 |3,3 |hexagonal |rhombohedral, also massive |3 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |deep green |vitreous |green |Rare |emerald green color and hardness |A very minor ore of copper.dolomite, calcite, cerussite, limonite, chrysocollaCan form beautiful deep green crystals.emerald green color and hardnessrhombohedral, also massive | |74 |dolomite |Carbonates |Ca Mg (CO3)2 |3,5 |4 |2,8 |2,9 |hexagonal |rhombohedral, massive, granular |3 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, pink, colorless |vitreous,pearly |white, gray |Very Common |pink color, curved faces, reaction to acid and luster |Light pinkish tan to flesh colored curved Dolomite crystals.Dolomite is used to make magnesia, which has important medicinal applications. Dolomite Rock is used as an ornamental and structural stone, and for extracting certain metals from their ores. Use | |76 |enargite |Sulfosalts |Cu3 As S4 |3 |3,5 |4,4 |4,4 |orthorhombic |usually massive or granular |3: 2 good, 1 poor |uneven |opaque |gray, black |metallic |black |Rare |tabular or prismatic crystal shape |A very minor ore of copper.quartz, bornite, galena, sphalerite, tennantite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, covellite, pyriteA somewhat rare copper mineral that does not often form well shaped crystals.tabular or prismatic crystal shapeusually massive or granul | |78 |epidote |Silicates |Ca2 (Al,Fe)3 Si3 O12 (OH) |6 |7 |3,3 |3,5 |monoclinic |elongated crystals, granular |1 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |yellow-green, black-green |vitreous |gray |Common |color, slender grooved crystals |calcite, biotite, hornblende, actinolite, andradite garnetDoesn't often form fine crystals. Has a color often described as "pistachio".color, slender grooved crystalselongated crystals, granular | |83 |fluorite |Halides |Ca F2 |4 |4 |3 |3,3 |isometric |cubes etc, also granular |4 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |intense purple, colorless, green, yellow, blue, pink, reddish orange |vitreous |white |Very Common |hardness, fluorescence, banding of colors and cleavage |Purple cube of Fluorite showing offsets on crystal faces; associated with Calcite.Various colors of fluorite cleavage fragments.Cubic intergrowth of reddish purple Fluorite.Fluorite is the only mineral for which significant quantities of the important el | |84 |franklinite |Multiple Oxides |(Zn,Mn,Fe) (Fe,Mn)2 O4 |6 |6,5 |5 |5,2 |isometric |octahedral, granular, massive |none |uneven |opaque |dark black |metallic |black,brown,red brown |Very Rare |crystal habit, streak, associations with other zinc minerals, weak magnetism |Franklinite was a very important ore of zinc, together with the other zinc minerals at the Franklin and Sterling Hill mines until they were depleted.Calcite, Willemite, Zincite, Rhodonite, Andradite, MagnetiteFranklinite is named after the locality of Fra | |85 |galena |Sulfides |Pb S |2,5 |2,5 |7,2 |7,6 |isometric |cube, octahedra, massive |3 perfect at 90° |conchoidal |opaque |lead-gray |metallic |lead-gray |Very Common |cubic cleavage, color, high gravity |Galena cube modified by octahedral faces.Galena is by far the greatest ore of lead. Galena is the most common mineral containing lead, and contains mostly lead. In some locations it can contain impurities of up to 20% silver.Quartz, Sphalerite, Chalcopyr | |86 |garnet |Silicates |(M1)3 (M2)2 (Si O4)3 |6 |8 |3,4 |4,2 |isometric |various beads,massive,crystals w/12 diamond faces |none |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |violet, red, yellow, green, black, brown |resinous,vitreous |white |Rare |hardness, colors vary on mineral type within the group |Red, blocky Garnet crystals with Calcite.Cinnamon brown garnet crystals.Green dodecahedrons of Garnet.Garnets have many practical uses. Transparent varieties of cuttable size are faceted for jewelry. Dark red Garnet is the most popular form. Harder garne | |88 |glauberite |Sulfates |Na2 Ca (S O4)2 |2,5 |3 |2,8 |2,8 |monoclinic |tabular,prismatic;compact masses and crusts |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |usually white, yellowish, gray, colorless |vitreous,greasy |white |Very Rare |bitter, salty taste, disolves slowly in water |Glauberite is used for the extraction of glaubers salt. It is popular among mineral collectors specializing in crystals.Glauberite is now a rare mineral, but was once more prevalent. Forms in evaporite and clay deposits and without dampness it gradually | |91 |goethite |Hydroxides |Fe O (OH) |5 |5,5 |4 |4,4 |orthorhombic |prisms, tabular, massive, fibrous, earthy |1 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |brown, black, yellow, red, (irridescent tarnish) |adamantine |brown,yellow |Common |crystal habit, streak and tarnish. |An important ore of ironvery many mineralscrystal habit, streak and tarnish.prisms, tabular, massive, fibrous, earthy | |92 |gold |Native Elements |Au |2,5 |3 |15,3 |19,3 |isometric |cubes, usually massive, arborescent |none |hackly |opaque |gold,yellow-gold |metallic |yellow |Very Rare |color, high gravity, hardness, malleability |Primarily used as jewelry. Also as coinage and as a store of value. It is also used for photography, dentistry, and coloring.Quartz, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, SilverThe mineral Gold is almost always mixed with a small amount of silver, and

sometimes contai | |93 |graphite |Native Elements |C |1 |2 |2,1 |2,3 |hexagonal |usually scaly, massive, granular, earthy |1 perfect |uneven |opaque |black |metallic,dull |black-gray |Rare |softness, luster, density, streak, perfect cleavage |Massive, sub-metallic Graphite showing how easily it marks paper.The "lead" in pencils is not lead, but graphite mixed with clay. Much mined Graphite is used as pencil fillings. Its main function, however, is as a lubricant. It's the only non-metal that's | |95 |gypsum |Sulfates |Ca S O4·2H2O |1,5 |2 |2,3 |2,3 |monoclinic |prisms, stellate, granular, fibrous |3: 1 perfect, 2 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |usually white, colorless, gray, yellow |pearly |white |Very Common |softness, flat crystals, flexibilty |Clear bladed crystals of Gypsum of the variety Selenite.A cleavage fragment of gypsum with associated dolomite.Gypsum is an industrially important mineral. Used as plaster-of-paris, in sheetrock and in the production of cement.Halite, Dolomite, Barite, A | |96 |halite |Halides |Na Cl |2 |2,5 |2,2 |2,2 |isometric |cubes, octahedra, massive, granular |3 perfect at right angles |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, white |vitreous |white |Very Common |salty taste, cubic crystals |Pink, cubic crystals of Halite.A cubic cleavage fragment of Halite.Halite is the source of common salt. Enormous Halite deposits are worked for salt. Halite is the greatest ore of both Sodium and Bromine.Anhydrite, Gypsum, Dolomite, Thenardite, Glauberit | |100 |hematite |Simple Oxides |Fe2 O3 |5,5 |6,5 |5,2 |5,3 |hexagonal |massive,earthy,rhombohddedral,scaly or fibrous |none |uneven |opaque |silver gray-black, red-brown in earthy forms |metallic,earthy |red,red-brown |Very Common |crystal habit, streak and hardness |A botryoidal mass of Hematite composed of fine radiating acicular crystals.Specular Hematite - Many small micaceous crystals having a metallic luster make up this specimen.A Hematite "rose" where each flat, bladed, metallic crystal represents a petal of t | |101 |hemimorphite |Silicates |Zn4 Si2 O7 (OH)2 · H2O |4,5 |5 |3,3 |3,5 |orthorhombic |hemimorphic, massive, granular crusts |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |white, yellow, brown, green |vitreous |white |Rare |bladed crystals, radiating aggregates |A minor ore of zinc.limonite, aurichalcite, calcite, smithsonitebladed crystals, radiating aggregateshemimorphic, massive, granular crusts | |102 |heulandite |Silicates |(Ca,Na2) Al2 Si7 O18 - 6H2O |3,5 |4 |2,2 |2,2 |monoclinic |tabular, globular masses |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, pink, yellow, brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |crystal habit, density and associations. |Of interest to collectors.quartz, calcite, apophyllite, natrolite, stilbitecrystal habit, density and associations.tabular, globular masses | |103 |hornblende |Silicates |(Ca,Na)2-3 (Mg,Fe,Al)5 (Al,Si)8 O22 (OH)2 * |5 |6 |2,9 |3,4 |monoclinic |prismatic, bladed, fibrous, massive, granular |2 perfect (56° & 124°) |uneven |opaque |black, dark green |vitreous |gray, brown |Very Common |greenish-black color, cleavage angles |A portion of a hornblende crystal showing cleavage faces.A portion of a hornblende crystal showing cleavage faces.greenish-black color, cleavage anglesprismatic, bladed, fibrous, massive, granular | |104 |hydrozincite |Carbonates |Zn5 (CO3)2 (OH)6 |2 |2,5 |3,6 |3,8 |monoclinic |usually massive, fibrous, crusts |1 perfect |uneven |opaque |colorless, white, pale yellow |dull,silky |white |Very Rare |fluorescense (blue), crystal habits, single plane of cleavage, localities, and reaction to acid. |Hydrozincite is popular among fluorescent mineral collectors due to its strong fluorescence. It is used as an ore of zinc if found in areas where an abundance of zinc minerals are present.Smithsonite, Hemimorphite, Limonite, Calcite, (Limestone)fluorescen | |105 |ilmenite |Simple Oxides |Fe Ti O3 |5 |6 |4,5 |5 |hexagonal |very flat,tabular crystals;compact,granular aggrg. |none |conchoidal |opaque |black, dark brown |sub metallic |black,brown-red |Very Rare |black streak, hardness, weak magnetism |black streak, hardness, weak magnetismvery flat,tabular crystals;compact,granular aggrg. | |107 |jadeite |Silicates |Na Al Si2 O6 |6,5 |7 |3,2 |3,5 |monoclinic |usually massive (jade) |2 good (87° and 93°) |splintery |translucent, opaque |green, white, pale violet |vitreous,pearly |white |Very Rare |toughness, typical green color, density, flame test (yellow) and hardness. |Used as an ornamental stone and in jewelry.quartz, serpentine, lawsaonite, aragoniteJadeite is one of the two minerals called jade. The other is the nephrite variety of actinolite.toughness, typical green color, density, flame test (yellow) and hardness.u | |109 |kaolinite |Silicates |Al2 Si2 O5 (OH)4 |2 |2,5 |2,6 |2,6 |triclinic |earthy |1 perfect |conchoidal |opaque |white, gray, yellow |dull |white |Very Common |claylike masses |claylike massesearthy | |110 |kernite |Borates |Na2 B4 O7 · 4H2O |2,5 |2,5 |1,9 |1,9 |monoclinic |elongated,striated crystals;cleavable masses |3: 2 perfect, 1 good |splintery |translucent, opaque |colorless, white |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |hardness, cleavage |The most significant ore of the chemical borax.Occurs at the bottom of borate deposits, together with other borates such as Borax, Colemanite, and Ulexite.Kernite crystals do not keep well in collections, for it is efflorescent, meaning it loses the water | |111 |kyanite |Silicates |Al2 Si O5 |5 |7 |3,5 |3,7 |triclinic |prismatic, bladed |2: 1 perfect, 1 good |splintery |transparent, translucent, opaque |blue, white |pearly |white |Common |different hardness in two directions, bladed crystals |Used in the manufacture of spark plugs.biotite, staurolite, garnets, quartz, andalusiteKyanite has a hardness of about 4.5 when scratched parallel to the long axis of the crystal and approximately 6.5 when scratched perpendicular to or across the long axi | |112 |labradorite |Silicates |(Na,Ca) Al Si3 O8 |6 |6 |2,7 |2,7 |triclinic |tabular, usually massive |3: 2 good, 1 poor |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |gray, smoky black |vitreous |white |Very Common |occurence, twinning striations and labradorescence (iridescent) |A polished surface of Labradorite orientated in the light to show its irridescence.Labradorite is a very popular mineral, and it makes a unique gemstone. It is faceted into cabochons and beads.Quartz, Muscovite, Biotite, Hornblende, AugitePlagioclase-Feld | |114 |lazulite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Mg Al2 (P O4)2 (OH)2 |5 |6 |3 |3,1 |monoclinic |pyramidal, massive, granular |1 good |uneven |translucent, opaque |azure blue, indigo blue |vitreous |white, pale blue |Very Rare |light to dark blue color, bipyramidal crystals |quartz, rutile, kyanite, andalusite, garnets, muscovite, corundum, wardite, brazilianite, siderite.Often has a sky blue color.light to dark blue color, bipyramidal crystalspyramidal, massive, granular | |115 |lazurite |Silicates |(Na,Ca)8 (Al,Si)12 O24 (S,SO4) |5 |5,3 |2,4 |2,4 |isometric |compact,massive |6 poor |uneven |translucent |brilliant blue, violet or green tints |vitreous |bright blue |Rare |deep violet-blue color, pyrite association (unlike sodalite) gravity. |Used as an ornamental stone.calcite, pyriteCommonly found in a massive form and combined with other minerals into a rock called lapis lazuli.deep violet-blue color, pyrite association (unlike sodalite) pact,massive | |116 |lepidolite |Silicates |K(Li,Al)3 (Si,Al)4 O10 (F,OH)2 |2,5 |4 |2,8 |2,9 |monoclinic |usually scaly or granular masses |1 perfect |uneven |translucent |violet, pale pink, white |pearly |white |Common |occurrence in granite pegmatites, lilac or pink color |An ore of lithium and heat insulatorquartz, feldspars, spodumene, ambygonite, tourmalineoccurrence in granite pegmatites, lilac or pink colorusually scaly or granular masses | |117 |leucite |Silicates |K Al Si2 O6 |5,5 |6 |2,4 |2,6 |tetragonal |cubic form, tetra properties |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |white, gray, colorless |vitreous, resinous |white |Very Common |crystal shape, density, hardness, dull luster |a minor source of potassium and aluminumolivine, labradorite, augite, biotite, nephelineName comes for the Greek word for "white".crystal shape, density, hardness, dull lustercubic form, tetra properties | |118 |magnesite |Carbonates |Mg Co3 |3,5 |4 |3 |3 |hexagonal |usually massive or fibrous |3 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |white, gray, tinted yellow, brown |vitreous, dull |white |Common |cleavage, white color, fine grained porcelaneous masses |Magnesite is an important ore of magnesium, and used as insulating material.calcite, dolomite, aragonite, strontianite, serpentineCalcite Group. The most common form of Magnesite is white, microcrystalline, porous masses that are dull in luster, and have | |119 |magnetite |Multiple Oxides |Fe3 O4 |5,5 |6,5 |5 |5,2 |isometric |octahedra, massive, granular |4 poor |uneven |opaque |black |metallic,dull |black |Very Common |magnetism, dark streak |A black octahedral crystal of Magnetite in a mica schist.Magnetite, variety loadstone, showing its natural magnetic property by holding paper clips.Magnetite is the most important ore of iron. Its perfect crystals are also famous among mineral collectors. | |120 |malachite |Carbonates |Cu2 (CO3) (OH)2 |3,5 |4 |3,9 |4 |monoclinic |usually fibrous masses, granular, earthy |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |green, banded greens |silky,vitreous |pale green |Common |color banding when massive, green color |Radiating fibrous mats of Malachite.Green Malachite produced by the weathering of native Copper.Botryoidal Malachite.When found in massive hunks, the color banded variety of Malachite makes a precious ornamental stone.Azurite, Chrysocolla, Limonite, Chalc | |121 |manganite |Hydroxides |Mn O(OH) |4 |4 |4,2 |4,4 |monoclinic |prismatic, aggregates, columnar |1 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |black, steel gray |metallic,vitreous |reddish or brownish black |Rare |brown or black streak |A minor source of manganesecalcite, barite, garnets, limonite, siderite, pyrolusiteUsed to be valuable manganese ore when it was found in plentiful deposits.brown or black streakprismatic, aggregates, columnar | |122 |marcasite |Sulfides |Fe S2 |6 |6,5 |4,8 |4,9 |orthorhombic |tabular, aggregates, nodules |2 good |uneven |opaque |pale brass yellow, whiteish |metallic |greenish black |Common |white on fresh faces, sulfer smell |As a mineral specimencalcite, dolomite, quartz, pyrite, galenaMarcasite is a polymorph of Pyrite, which means that it has the same chemistry as pyrite but a different structure and, therefore, different symmetry and crystal shapes. It's sulfur smell is th | |125 |microcline |Silicates |K Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,5 |2,5 |triclinic |prismatic,granular,blocky |2 good at right angles |uneven |translucent, opaque |white, flesh pink, brown, green |vitreous |white |Very Common |occurence, twinning, color and luster |Microcline is important in the manufacture of glass and ceramics.Quartz, Muscovite, Plagioclase feldsparsPart of the Potassium Feldspar group along with Orthoclase and Sanidine. A deep green gem variety is called Amazonite.occurence, twinning, color and | |126 |millerite |Sulfides |NiS |3 |3,5 |5,3 |5,6 |hexagonal |needles, fibrous, massive |2 perfect |uneven |opaque |brassy yellow |metallic |green-black |Very Rare |slender capillary crystals, color |slender capillary crystals, colorneedles, fibrous, massive | |127 |mimetite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Pb5 (As O4)3 Cl |3,5 |4 |7 |7,3 |hexagonal |trigonal, botryoidal, crusts |none |uneven |translucent |pale yellow, orange, brown |resinous |white |Rare |luster, frequent globular form |Mimetite is a minor ore of lead where it occurs with more abundant lead minerals. It is also a very rare and popular mineral among collectors.Wulfenite, Vanadinite, Limonite, Galena, Barite, Anglesite, Hemimorphite,

ArsenopyriteMimetite is a member of t | |128 |molybdenite |Sulfides |Mo S2 |1 |1,5 |4,7 |4,8 |hexagonal |usually foliated, massive |1 perfect |uneven |opaque |silver metallic blue cast |metallic |gray with blue cast |Rare |flexible laminae, perfect cleavage, color, streak. Feels greasy. |The major ore of molybdenum.pyrite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, quartz, fluoriteMolybdenite is a very soft metallic mineral. It looks similar to graphite, and can be confused. Graphite has a black-silver color and a blackish-gray to streak whereas molybeden | |129 |monazite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |(Ca,La,Nd,Th) P O4 |5 |5,5 |4,8 |5,3 |monoclinic |tabular, twins, massive, sandy |1 good |conchoidal |opaque |pale yellow, brown, orange-brown |resinous |white |Common |crystal habit, color, cleavage shards, high specific gravity, hardness and radioactivity. |Used as an ore of several rare earth metals like thorium, cerium and Lanthanum. Also used for radioactive dating uses.apatite, columbite, zircon, feldspars, quartz, euxenite, biotiteMonazite forms in phosphatic pegmatites and is a standard trace constitu | |130 |muscovite |Silicates |K Al2 (AlSi3) O10 (OH)2 |2 |2,5 |2,8 |3 |monoclinic |pseudohexagonal plates, massive |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |white, silver, yellow, brown |pearly |white |Very Common |perfect cleavage into thin flexible flakes |A group of flat, tabular Muscovite mica crystals.Heat insulator and for industrial purposes.quartz, feldspars, beryl, tourmalinesMuscovite is a common rock forming mineral. It's found in igneous, metamorphic and detrital sedimentary rocks. Muscovite has | |131 |natrolite |Silicates |Na2 (Al2Si3) O10 · 2H2O |5 |5,5 |2,2 |2,4 |orthorhombic |prismatic, acicular, radial aggregates, |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, yellow tint |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |crystal shape, hardness |As a mineral specimen.quartz, apophyllite, benitoite, heulandite, stilbiteA common mineral displaying radiating sprays of clear acicular crystals.crystal shape, hardnessprismatic, acicular, radial aggregates, | |132 |nepheline |Silicates |(Na,K) Al Si O4 |5,5 |6 |2,6 |2,6 |hexagonal |prismatic, aggregates, massive |3 good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, colorless, pale gray |resinous,vitreous |white |Very Common |cleavage, gets cloudy in strong acid, hardness |calcite, albite, apatite, biotite, hornblende, cancrinite, sodaliteA major rock forming mineral.cleavage, gets cloudy in strong acid, hardnessprismatic, aggregates, massive | |133 |niccolite |Sulfides, Arsenides, and Tellurides |Ni As |5 |5,5 |7,3 |7,8 |hexagonal |usually irregular masses, botryoidal |none |conchoidal |opaque |copper-red, gray,(black tarnish) |metallic |brown-black |Rare |copper color |copper colorusually irregular masses, botryoidal | |134 |oligoclase |Silicates |(Na,Ca) Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,6 |2,6 |triclinic |platy,tabular,blocky,massive |1 perfect |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |white, gray, pale shades of green - yellow - brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Very Common |occurence, twinning striations, shimmer, density and index of refraction |ornamental and semi-precious stonequartz, muscoviteOligoclase is not very well known mineral but is sometime used as semi-precious stones called sunstone and moonstone.occurence, twinning striations, shimmer, density and index of refractionplaty,tabular,b | |135 |olivine |Silicates |(Mg,Fe)2 Si O4 |6,5 |7 |3,3 |3,3 |orthorhombic |granular,prismatic, tabular |2 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |yellow-green, yellow-brown |vitreous |colorless, white |Very Common |yellow-green color |Polished grains of the gem variety of Olivine called Peridot.The transparent green gem variety is called Peridot. Olivine is also used as a flux for making steel, and is an ore of magnesium.Feldspar, Serpentine, Hornblende, Augite, Spinel, Diopside, Chro | |136 |opal |Silicates |Si O2 · nH2O |5,5 |6,5 |1,8 |2,2 |amorphous |reniform, stalactitic, massive |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |colorless,white, yellow, red, blue, green |resinous, pearly |white |Common |color play (opalescent), low density, lack of cleavage |Opal is one of the most precious gemstones. Black Opal is the most valuable, then comes White Opal and Fire Opal.ChalcedonyOpal lacks a definite crystal arrangement, and is therefore amorphous. Its opalescence is now believed to be caused by small fissur | |137 |orpiment |Sulfides |As2 S3 |1,5 |2 |3,4 |3,5 |monoclinic |prismatic, usually massive crusts |1 perfect |uneven |translucent |orange-yellow |resinous,pearly |yellow |Rare |cleavage, pearly luster, sulfer odor, color |Formerly used as a pigment.realgar, calcite, stibnite, barite, gypsumOrpiment is a rare mineral that is almost always forms with realgar. It gradually deteriorates into a powder and exposure to sunlight accelerates the process.cleavage, pearly luster, su | |138 |orthoclase |Silicates |K Al Si3 O8 |6 |6 |2,5 |2,6 |monoclinic |prismatic, tabular, granular masses |2 good at 90 ° |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |gray- white, yellow, reddish, orange-brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |color, two perfect cleavages, twinning is common |Orthoclase crystals with bottom two showing twinning.A cleavage block of white Orthoclase.Orthoclase is industrially important in the manufacture of glass and ceramics.Quartz, Muscovite, Plagioclase feldspars, Biotite, Tourmaline, GarnetOrthoclase is one | |139 |pectolite |Silicates |Na Ca2 Si3 O8 (OH) |4,5 |5 |2,8 |2,9 |triclinic |fibrous or radiating spherical aggregates |2 perfect |splintery |translucent |white, gray, colorless |vitreous,silky |white |Rare |radial fibrous structure, brittleness and cleavage |Pectolite is popular among mineral collectors for its interesting radiating "blobs". The light blue variety Larimar is used as a gem.Prehnite, Datolite, Apophyllite, Stilbite, Heulandite, Chabazite, Natrolite, Serpentine, CalcitePectolite occurs in cavit | |141 |pentlandite |Sulfides |(Fe,Ni)9 S8 |3 |3,5 |4,6 |5 |isometric |usually granular or massive |none |conchoidal |opaque |bronze-yellow |metallic |light brown |Rare |occurs with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite; lack of magnetism, streak and color |occurs with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite; lack of magnetism, streak and colorusually granular or massive | |143 |phenakite |Silicates |Be2 Si O4 |7,5 |8 |3 |3 |orthorhombic |pseudohexagonal crystals |1 poor |conchoidal |transparent |colorless, white, pale-yellow, pink tint, brown |vitreous |colorless, white |Very Rare |hardness, rhombohedral crystals, lenghtwise striations on crystals |hardness, rhombohedral crystals, lenghtwise striations on crystalspseudohexagonal crystals | |144 |phillipsite |Silicates |(K2,Na2Ca) (Al2Si4) O12 · 4-5H2O |4 |4,5 |2,2 |2,2 |monoclinic |prismatic cruciform twins, radial aggreg |1 perfect |uneven |translucent |white, colorless, yellow, red |vitreous |white |Common |crystal habit, twinning, density, hardnes |crystal habit, twinning, density, hardnesprismatic cruciform twins, radial aggreg | |145 |phlogopite |Silicates |K(Mg,Fe)3 (AlSi3) O10 (F,OH)2 |2,5 |3 |2,8 |2,8 |monoclinic |tabular, laminar, scales |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |brown, red-brown |pearly |white |Very Common |asterism, dark color |asterism, dark colortabular, laminar, scales | |147 |platinum |Native Elements |Pt |4 |4,5 |21,5 |21,5 |isometric |usually granular |none |hackly |opaque |white-gray, silver-gray |metallic |silver gray |Rare |color, weak magnetism, very heavy |Native Platinum is the most significant source of the element platinum, although considerable quantities are also mined the rare platinum arsenide, Sperrylite. Used as a catylyst and in numerous laboratory uses.Chromite, Olivine, GoldPlatinum, when found | |150 |prehnite |Silicates |Ca2 Al2 Si3 O10 (OH)2 |6 |6,5 |2,8 |3 |orthorhombic |hemimorphic tabular, radial aggregates |1 good |uneven |transparent, translucent |pale-green, green, gray, colorless, white |vitreous,pearly |white, colorless |Common |green botryoidal crusts |green botryoidal crustshemimorphic tabular, radial aggregates | |151 |proustite |Sulfosalts |Ag3 As S3 |2 |2,5 |5 |6 |hexagonal |hemimorphic, granular, usually massive |1 good |conchoidal |translucent |scarlet red |adamantine |red |Very Rare |deep red color, silvery luster |deep red color, silvery lusterhemimorphic, granular, usually massive | |152 |psilomelane |Hydroxides |Ba Mn O16 (OH)4 * |5 |6 |5 |7 |monoclinic |massive, botryoidal, stalactilic |none |uneven |opaque |black, steel gray, blue-black |metallic,dull |brown-black |Rare |luster, hardness, color and streak, massive appearance |luster, hardness, color and streak, massive appearancemassive, botryoidal, stalactilic | |153 |purpurite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |(Mn,Fe) P O4 * |4 |4,5 |3,3 |3,3 |orthorhombic |prismatic or massive |1 good |uneven |opaque |purple |silky |deep red, purple |Very Rare |color, associations, lack of crystals and luster |color, associations, lack of crystals and lusterprismatic or massive | |154 |pyrargyrite |Sulfosalts |Ag3 Sb S3 |2,5 |3 |5,9 |5,9 |hexagonal |hemimorphic prisms, massive |1 good |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |blue-gray, black |metallic,adamantine |red |Very Rare |dark red color, striated prismatic crystals |dark red color, striated prismatic crystalshemimorphic prisms, massive | |155 |pyrite |Sulfides |Fe S2 |6 |6,5 |5 |5,2 |isometric |striated cubes, massive, nodular, pyritehedral |none |conchoidal |opaque |brassy brown, yellow |metallic |green-black |Very Common |brassy color, hardness, striations on crystal faces, lack of tarnish |Cubes of Pyrite modified by the pyritohedron crystal form producing deep striations on crystal faces and rounded edges.Pyrite was once used as the main source of sulfur, and is currently a minor source for sulfur and iron.Quartz, Azurite, Microcline, Biot | |156 |pyrolusite |Simple Oxides |Mn O2 |2 |6 |4,8 |5 |orthorhombic |usually fibrous, massive, earthy |2 perfect |uneven |opaque |dark-gray, black |mettalic,submetallic |black |Rare |luster, softness, color, sooty black streak |luster, softness, color, sooty black streakusually fibrous, massive, earthy | |157 |pyromorphite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Pb5 (PO4)3 Cl |3,5 |4 |6,5 |7,1 |hexagonal |trigonal prisms, aggregates, crusts |0 none |uneven |translucent |usually green, yellow, brown, orange |resinous |off white |Common |cavernous crystals, lack of transparency, luster, gravity |Pyromorphite is a minor ore of lead where it occurs with more abundant lead minerals. It is also a very popular mineral among collectors.Limonite, Galena, Barite, Vanadinite, Cerussite, Wulfenite, HemimorphitePyromorphite is a member of the Apatite group, | |158 |pyrophyllite |Silicates |A12 Si4 O10 (OH)2 |1 |2 |2,7 |2,9 |monoclinic |tabular, foliated, radial aggregates |1 perfect |uneven |translucent |white, colorless, pale green, gray, yellow |pearly |white |Rare |greasy feel, mica-like habit, appears similar to talc |greasy feel, mica-like habit, appears similar to talctabular, foliated, radial aggregates | |159 |pyrrhotite |Sulfides |Fe(1-x) S |3,5 |4,5 |4,6 |4,6 |hexagonal |tabular, foliated, massive, granular |none |uneven |opaque |brassy yellow, bronze |metallic |gray-black |Common |magnetism |magnetismtabular, foliated, massive, granular | |160 |quartz |Silicates |Si O2 |7 |7 |2,6 |2,7 |hexagonal |prismatic,6 sided crystals,massive |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |colorless, white, purple, violet, yellow, pink, gray, brown, black |vitreous,resinous |white |Very Common |very common as clear crystals, hardness, lack of cleavage |A smoky Quartz crystal showing horizontal striations on prism faces.A cluster of clear Quartz crystals displaying prism faces terminated by pyramids. The associated mineral is Pyrite.Vitreous, rose Quartz showing the typical conchoidal fracture of Quartz | |161 |realgar |Sulfides |As S |1,5 |2 |3,5 |3,6 |monoclinic |prisms, needles, massive, granular |1 good |conchoidal |translucent |red, orange |resinous,adamantine |orange |Rare |color, softness, prismatic crystals |color, softness, prismatic crystalsprisms, needles, massive, granular | |162 |rhodochrosite |Carbonates |Mn C O3 |3,5 |4,5 |3,5 |3,6 |hexagonal |usually massive, globular, crusts |3 perfect |uneven |translucent |pink, red, yellow, white, dark brown |vitreous,pearly |white,pink |Common |color, cleavage |Fine, blood-red Rhodochrosite specimens are highly desired by collectors, and command magnificent prices. Rhodochrosite is also used as an ore of manganese.Quartz, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Galena, Sphalerite, Pyrite, Fluorite, Silver, Rhodonite, Limonite, | |163 |rhodonite |Silicates |(Mn,Fe,Mg) Si O3 |5,5 |6,5 |3,4 |3,6 |triclinic |large tabular crystals, massive |2 good |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |brown-red, pink, rarely yellowish or greenish |vitreous |white |Rare |pink color, black veining, lack of reaction to acid |Rhodonite is a popular mineral among collectors. It is also a minor gemstone. Also an ore of manganese.Calcite, Willemite, Franklinite, Pyrolusite, Pyrite, Galena,Rhodonite can be a beautiful pink color. It very frequently contains black veins of mangane | |164 |rutile |Simple Oxides |Ti O2 |6 |6,5 |4,4 |4,3 |tetragonal |prisms, twins, massive, granular |3: 2 good, 1 poor |uneven |translucent, opaque |red-brown, black |metallic,adamantine |brown |Rare |streak, hardness, color and high luster |streak, hardness, color and high lusterprisms, twins, massive, granular | |165 |scapolite |Silicates |(Na,Ca,K)4 A13 (Al,Si)3 Si6 O24 (Cl,SO4,CO3) |5 |6 |2,5 |2,8 |tetragonal |prismatic, massive, granular |2 good |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |colorless, white,gray, greenish, yellow, pink, brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |short square prisms, flourescent |short square prisms, flourescentprismatic, massive, granular | |166 |scheelite |Molybdates and Tungstens |Ca W O4 |4,5 |5 |5,9 |6,1 |tetragonal |pyramidal, granular, massive |3: 1 good, 2 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |white, gray, yellowish, orange, brownish, greenish |adamantine,resinous |white |Rare |high gravity, softness, and especially its blue fluorescence. |high gravity, softness, and especially its blue fluorescence.pyramidal, granular, massive | |170 |serpentine |Silicates |Mg6 (Si4O10) (OH)8 |3 |4 |2,5 |2,6 |monoclinic |massive, granular, foliated, fibrous |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |olive green, yellow, brown, black |resinous,dull |white |Very Common |low hardenss, green color, greasy feel |low hardenss, green color, greasy feelmassive, granular, foliated, fibrous | |171 |siderite |Carbonates |Fe C O3 |3,5 |4,5 |3,7 |3,9 |hexagonal |rhombohedral, massive, granular |3 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |brown, red-brown, white |pearly,vitreous |white |Very Common |brown color, cleavage, magnetic when heated |The extraction method for obtaining iron from Siderite is simple and inexpensive, so it is an ore of iron in some countries.Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Limonite, Quartz, Chalcedony, Rhodochrosite,

Sphalerite, Galena, Fluorite,Siderite belongs to the C | |172 |sillimanite |Silicates |Al2 Si O5 |6 |7 |3,2 |3,2 |orthorhombic |acicular, massive, foliated, nodular |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |gray-white, brown, green-brown |vitreous |white, colorless |Common |hardness and brittleness |hardness and brittlenessacicular, massive, foliated, nodular | |173 |silver |Native Elements |Ag |2,5 |3 |9,6 |12 |isometric |cube, usually massive arborescent |none |hackly |opaque |silver-white |metallic |brilliant silver |Very Rare |white color, malleability, hardness |Most silver is extracted from silver ores, but considerable amounts are mined from Native Silver. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, is the second most malleable and ductile metal. Has many industrial and ornamental uses.Copper, Acanthite, Ar | |175 |smithsonite |Carbonates |Zn C O3 |5 |5,5 |4 |4,5 |hexagonal |usually massive, granular, earthy |3 perfect |uneven |translucent, opaque |white, gray, green, brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |botryoidal form, cleavage, hardness, reaction to acid |botryoidal form, cleavage, hardness, reaction to acidusually massive, granular, earthy | |176 |sodalite |Silicates |Na4 Al3 (SiO4)3 Cl |5 |6 |2,2 |2,4 |isometric |dodecahedral, massive |6 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |blue, colorless, gray, yellow, red |vitreous,resinous |white |Common |blue color |blue colordodecahedral, massive | |178 |sphalerite |Sulfides |(Zn,Fe) S |3,5 |4 |3,9 |4,2 |isometric |massive cleavage pieces,crystals,rounded edges |6 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |pale yellow, brown, black, red, green |resinous |lt yellow,red brown |Common |cleavage, luster, red-brown to green color |Dark brown to nearly black resinous crystals of Sphalerite. Crystals show somewhat rounded tetrahedral and octahedral faces. Associated with dolomite.A rounded tetrahedral crystal of Sphalerite associated with white Quartz.cleavage, luster, red-brown to | |180 |spinel |Multiple Oxides |Mg Al2 O4 |7,5 |8 |3,5 |4,1 |isometric |octahedra, twins, granular |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |white, red, blue, green, brown, black |vitreous |white |Common |Crystal shape, hardness |Crystal shape, hardnessoctahedra, twins, granular | |181 |spodumene |Silicates |Li Al Si2 O6 |6,5 |7 |3,1 |3,2 |monoclinic |8 sided prisms, massive |1 good |splintery |transparent, translucent |violet, pink, yellow, green |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |flattened and stiated crystals, hardness |flattened and stiated crystals, hardness8 sided prisms, massive | |182 |staurolite |Silicates |(Fe,Mg,Zn)2 Al9 Si4 O23 (OH) |7 |7,5 |3,7 |3,8 |orthorhombic |6-sided prisms, often twins |1 poor |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |yellow-brown, red-brown, black |vitreous,resinous |white |Common |twin crystals, often forms a right angle "cross" |twin crystals, often forms a right angle "cross"6-sided prisms, often twins | |184 |stibnite |Sulfides |Sb2 S3 |2 |2 |4,6 |4,7 |orthorhombic |needles, radial aggregates, fibrous, massive |1 perfect |conchoidal |opaque |lead gray, black |metallic |gray black |Common |ability to bend slightly |ability to bend slightlyneedles, radial aggregates, fibrous, massive | |185 |stilbite |Silicates |Na Ca2 (Al5Si13) O36 · 14H2O |3,5 |4 |2,2 |2,2 |monoclinic |tabular, twins, aggregates |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, yellow, brown, red |vitreous,pearly |white |Common |wheat-sheaf aggregates |wheat-sheaf aggregatestabular, twins, aggregates | |187 |sulfur |Native Elements |S |2 |2 |1,9 |2,1 |orthorhombic |bipyramids, granular, fibrous, nodular |2 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |yellow, brown |resinous |pale yellow |Rare |transparent yellow crystals, hardness |Equant crystals of Sulfur.transparent yellow crystals, hardnessbipyramids, granular, fibrous, nodular | |188 |sylvanite |Sulfides |Ag Au Te4 |1,5 |2 |8 |8,3 |monoclinic |stubby,prismatic crystals;skeletal rock deposits |1 perfect |uneven |opaque |silver white |metallic |gray |Rare |hardness, lack of striations on crystal faces |hardness, lack of striations on crystal facesstubby,prismatic crystals;skeletal rock deposits | |189 |sylvite |Halides |K Cl |2 |2 |2 |2 |isometric |cubic,octahedral crystals;compact,granular masses |1 perfect |uneven |transparent |red, white, colorless |vitreous |white |Very Rare | |cubic,octahedral crystals;compact,granular masses | |190 |talc |Silicates |Mg3 Si4 O10 (OH)2 |1 |1 |2,7 |2,8 |monoclinic |usually granular, massive or scaly |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |green, gray, white |pearly |white |Very Common |Softness, greasy feel |Bright green micaceous Talc.Softness, greasy feelusually granular, massive or scaly | |191 |tetrahedrite |Sulfosalts |(Cu,Fe)12 Sb4 Si3 - (Cu,Fe)12 As4 S13 |3 |4,5 |4,4 |5,4 |isometric |tetrahedral, massive, granular |none |uneven |translucent, opaque |gray black |metallic |black,brown,red |Rare |tetrahedral crystals, lack of cleavage |tetrahedral crystals, lack of cleavagetetrahedral, massive, granular | |192 |thenardite |Sulfates |Na2 S O4 |2,5 |3 |2,7 |2,7 |orthorhombic |clusters,granular,massive,tabular |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |white, brownish, gray |vitreous |white |Rare |dissolves readily, flourescent in short UV light, weak salty taste |dissolves readily, flourescent in short UV light, weak salty tasteclusters,granular,massive,tabular | |193 |topaz |Silicates |Al2 Si O4 (F,OH)2 |8 |8 |3,4 |3,6 |orthorhombic |striated prisms or massive |1: 1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |white, colorless, yellow, pink, blue, greenish |vitreous |white |Common |high hardness, excellent cleavage |Sherry brown colored Topaz crystals showing prism faces with pyramids and basal pinacoids (obvious on top crystal). The matrix is fine grained Topaz and rhyolite.high hardness, excellent cleavagestriated prisms or massive | |194 |tourmaline |Silicates |(Na,Ca) (Al,Fe,Li,Mg)3 A16 (B O3)3 (Si6 O18)* |7 |7,5 |3 |3,2 |hexagonal |trigonal prisms, massive |none |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |brown, black, red, pink, green, blue, yellow |vitreous |white |Common |poor cleavage |Gemmy green Tourmaline crystals showing striations parallel to the prism faces. The matrix is milky Quartz.Pink Tourmaline (rubellite) in a matrix of violet Lepidolite.poor cleavagetrigonal prisms, massive | |195 |tremolite |Silicates |Ca2 Mg5 Si8 O22 (OH)2 |5,5 |6 |2,9 |3,1 |monoclinic |prisms, bladed, fibrous, massive |2 perfect |splintery |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, gray, green |vitreous |white |Very Common |cleavage angels, prismatic habit |cleavage angels, prismatic habitprisms, bladed, fibrous, massive | |197 |turquoise |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Cu Al6 (PO4)4 (OH)8 · 5H2O |5 |6 |2,6 |2,9 |triclinic |usually massive, stalactitic, crusts |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |blue, blue green, gray-green |waxy |white, pale green |Rare |Bright blue-green color |Bright blue-green colorusually massive, stalactitic, crusts | |198 |ulexite |Borates |Na Ca B5 O9 · 8H2O |1 |2 |2 |2 |triclinic |light,spongy,rounded masses; fine fibers |2: 1 perfect, 1 good |uneven |transparent |white |silky |white |Rare |association with other borate minerals |association with other borate mineralslight,spongy,rounded masses; fine fibers | |199 |uraninite |Simple Oxides |U O2 |5,5 |5,5 |10,9 |10,9 |isometric |usually granular masses;cubic,dodecahedral crystal |none |conchoidal |opaque |steel black |sub metallic |brown-black |Rare |octahedral crystals, high gravity, radioactivity |octahedral crystals, high gravity, radioactivityusually granular masses;cubic,dodecahedral crystal | |200 |vanadinite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Pb5 (VO4)3 Cl |3 |3 |6,7 |7,1 |hexagonal |trigonal pyramids, aggregates, crusts |none |uneven |transparent, translucent |red, brown, yellow |resinous |white,yellow |Rare |red color, lustrous nature |red color, lustrous naturetrigonal pyramids, aggregates, crusts | |201 |vesuvianite |Silicates |Ca10 (Mg,Fe)2 Al4 (Si O4)5 (Si O7)2 (OH)4 |6,5 |6,5 |3,3 |3,5 |tetragonal |prismatic, massive, granular |none |uneven |transparent, translucent |green-brown, red, yellow |vitreous |white |Common |color, square cross section of crystals |color, square cross section of crystalsprismatic, massive, granular | |202 |vivianite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Fe3 (P O4)2 · 8H2O |1,5 |2,5 |2,6 |2,7 |monoclinic |small prisms, aggregates, crusts |1 perfect |splintery |transparent, translucent |blue, green, white, colorless |pearly,vitreous |pale blue |Rare |Blue color and streak, micaceous tabular crystals |Blue color and streak, micaceous tabular crystalssmall prisms, aggregates, crusts | |203 |wavellite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Al3 (P O4)2 (OH)3 · 5H2O |3,5 |4 |2,3 |2,3 |orthorhombic |usually globular aggregates, crusts |3: 1 perfect, 2 good |uneven |translucent |white, green, brown, yellow |vitreous,pearly |white |Very Rare |green color, distinctive botryoidal crusts |green color, distinctive botryoidal crustsusually globular aggregates, crusts | |204 |willemite |Silicates |Zn2 Si O4 |5,5 |5,5 |4 |4 |hexagonal |compact,granular or massive |2 good |uneven |translucent |brown, red, yellow-brown, green, white, colorless |vitreous,resinous |white |Very Rare |hardness, resinous luster, strong fluorescence |hardness, resinous luster, strong fluorescencecompact,granular or massive | |205 |witherite |Carbonates |Ba C O3 |3,5 |3,5 |4,3 |4,4 |orthorhombic |prismatic twins, massive, granular |1 good |uneven |translucent |white, yellow, gray |vitreous,resinous |white |Rare |high gravity, hardness |high gravity, hardnessprismatic twins, massive, granular | |206 |wollastonite |Silicates |Ca Si O3 |4,5 |5 |2,8 |2,9 |monoclinic |tabular, massive, lamellar |2 perfect |uneven |translucent |white, gray |pearly,vitreous |white |Rare |cleavage angles |cleavage anglestabular, massive, lamellar | |207 |wulfenite |Molybdates and Tungstens |Pb Mo O4 |3 |3 |6,3 |6,7 |tetragonal |massive,granular,various or flat tabular crystals |3 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |yellow, red, orange |resinous,adamantine |white,pale yellow |Rare |Brilliant colors and tabular habit |Brilliant colors and tabular habitmassive,granular,various or flat tabular crystals | |208 |zincite |Simple Oxides |(Zn,Mn) O |4,5 |5 |5,4 |5,7 |hexagonal |massive, granular or foliated |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |red |adamantine |orange |Very Rare |deep red color, association with willemite and franklinite |deep red color, association with willemite and franklinitemassive, granular or foliated | |209 |zircon |Silicates |Zr Si O4 |7 |7,5 |3,9 |4,8 |tetragonal |prisms and pyramid, small grains |2 poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent, opaque |colorless, brown, gray, green, red, yellow |adamantine |white, colorless |Common |hardness, tetragonal crystals, high gravity |hardness, tetragonal crystals, high gravityprisms and pyramid, small grains | |210 |zoisite |Silicates |Ca2 Al3 (Si3 O12) (OH) |6 |6,5 |3,3 |3,4 |orthorhombic |long prisms, massive, fibrous |1 good |uneven |transparent, translucent |gray, yellow-brown, greenish, pink, blue |vitreous |white |Very Rare |single plane of cleavage, luster, pink variety is fluorescent |single plane of cleavage, luster, pink variety is fluorescentlong prisms, massive, fibrous | |213 |bauxite |Hydroxides |Al,O,H,* |6,5 |7 |3,3 |3,5 |N/A |usually as stalactitic or foliated aggregates |none |earthy |transparent, translucent |white, gray, yellow, red, brown |vitreous,pearly |white |Rare |hardness |hardnessusually as stalactitic or foliated aggregates | |217 |pitchblende |Simple Oxides |uranium oxide |2 |4 |6 |9 |isometric |massive |none |uneven |opaque |gray, black |dull |black |Rare | |massive | |218 |boleite |Hydroxides |Pb9 Cu8 Ag3 Cl21 (OH)16 . H2O |3 |3,5 |5,05 |5,1 |tetragonal |pseudo cubic |3 directions, perfect, good & poor |uneven |translucent |indigo blue |vitreous, pearly on cleavages |blue |Very Rare |As a secondary lead mineral. |As a secondary lead mineral.pseudo cubic | |219 |adularia |Silicates |K Al Si3 O8 |6 |6,5 |2,55 |2,63 |monoclinic |short prismatic, blocky, tabular to massive |2 very good |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, gray, yellow, reddish, green |vitreous to dull |white |Common |A low temperature variety of Orthoclase. |A low temperature variety of Orthoclase.short prismatic, blocky, tabular to massive | |220 |aurichalcite |Carbonates |(Zn, Cu)5 (CO3)2 (OH)6 |1 |2 |3,96 |4,23 |orthorhombic |commonly as fine tufted aggregates of hair like crystals |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |pale green to blue |silky to pearly |white |Rare |A secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of zinc-copper deposits |A secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of zinc-copper depositscommonly as fine tufted aggregates of hair like crystals | |221 |bismuth |Native Elements |Bi |2 |2,5 |9,7 |9,83 |hexagonal |usually massive |1 perfect 1 good |hackly |opaque |silver white with pinkish tint but quickly tarnishes |metallic |silver white |Very Rare |Found with silver, cobalt nickel, uranium and tin minerals. |Found with silver, cobalt nickel, uranium and tin minerals.usually massive | |222 |brochantite |Sulfates |Cu4 (S O4) (OH)6 |3,5 |4 |3,97 |4,09 |monoclinic |prismatic to acicular and tabular, as drusy crusts. |1 perfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |green to blackish green |vitreous, pearly on cleavage faces |pale green |Rare |As a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper deposits |As a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper depositsprismatic to acicular and tabular, as drusy crusts. | |223 |cavansite |Silicates |Ca (VO) (Si4 O10) . 4H2O |3 |4 |2,21 |2,33 |orthorhombic |prismatic crystals often as tufts or rosettes |1 good |uneven |transparent |greenish blue |vitreous |light blue |Very Rare |As a secondary mineral in vugs or pockets in basalt and volcanic tuffs. |As a secondary mineral in vugs or pockets in basalt and volcanic tuffs.prismatic crystals often as tufts or rosettes | |224 |conichalcite |Simple Oxides |Cu Ca As O4 OH |4 |4,5 |4,32 |4,34 |orthorhombic |commonly as botryoidal or reniform crusts |none |uneven |transparent, translucent |yellowish green to deep green |vitreous to greasy |light green |Rare |As a secondary mineral in copper deposits in pockets in Limonite. |As a secondary mineral in copper deposits in pockets in monly as botryoidal or reniform crusts | |225 |descloizite |Simple Oxides |Pb (Zn, Cu)VO4 OH |3 |3,5 |6,24 |6,26 |orthorhombic |usually prismatic |none |uneven |transparent, opaque |orange red to blackish brown, also dark green |vitreous to greasy |earthy yellow |Rare |As a secondary mineral in ore deposits. |As a secondary mineral in ore deposits.usually prismatic | |226 |fluorapatite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Ca5 (PO4)3 F |5 |5 |3,1 |3,2 |hexagonal |short or long prismatic and tabular, also masive, glovular and fibrous |2 very poor |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless, white, gray, yellow, green, purple, blue, red, brown |vitreous to subresinous |white |Common |very widespread in igneous and in metamorphic rocks. |Greenish yellow hexagonal prisms of Fluorapatite.Gemmy green hexagonal prisms of Fluorapatite on Calcite.Formerly known as Apatite.very widespread in igneous and in metamorphic rocks.short or long prismatic and tabular, also masive, glovular and fibrous | |227 |hanksite |Carbonates |Na22 K(SO4)9 (CO3)2 Cl |3 |3,5 |2,5 |2,6 |hexagonal |prismatic prisms with pyramidal and/or pinacoidal terminations,tabular |1 good |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless to yellow gray and black due to inclusions |vitreous to dull |white |Rare |An evaporite mineral |An evaporite mineralprismatic prisms with pyramidal and/or pinacoidal terminations,tabular | |228 |huebnerite |Simple Oxides |Mn W O4 |4 |4,5 |7 |7,3 |monoclinic |prismatic, tabular; commonly in subparallel groups |1 very good |uneven |transparent, translucent |yellowish brown to reddish brown, rarely brownish black |submetallic to resinous |yellowish, reddish brown to greenish gray |Rare |Found in hydrothermal viens in granitic rocks |Found in hydrothermal viens in granitic rocksprismatic, tabular; commonly in subparallel groups | |229 |kalinite |Sulfosalts |K Al (SO4)s . H2O |2 |2,5 |1 |3 |monoclinic |fibrous and as "ram's horn" aggregates |unknown |uneven |transparent, translucent |colorless to white |vitreous |white |Very Rare |Associated with Sulfur in volcanic vents |Associated with Sulfur in volcanic ventsfibrous and as "ram's horn" aggregates | |236 |water |Simple Oxides |H2 O |1,5 |1,51 |0,91 |0,92 |hexagonal |frozen bodies of water, snow, frost and glaciers |none |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless to white |vitreous |colorless |Very Common |Flattened six pointed crystals, also prismatic and tabular. |Flattened six pointed crystals, also prismatic and tabular.frozen bodies of water, snow, frost and glaciers | |238 |linarite |Sulfosalts |Pb Cu SO4 (OH)2 |2 |2,5 |5,3 |5,4 |monoclinic |Thin lath shaped to tabular, also encrusting masses |2 good |conchoidal |translucent |Dark blue |vitreous to subadamantine |blue |Very Rare |Found in the oxidized zone of copper and lead deposits. |Found in the oxidized zone of copper and lead deposits.Thin lath shaped to tabular, also encrusting masses | |239 |mirabilite |Sulfosalts |Na2 SO4 . 10H2 O |1,5 |2 |1,46 |1,47 |monoclinic |prismatic, tabular and massive |1 very good |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |colorless to white |vitreous |white |Rare |An evaporite mineral and as hot spring deposits |An evaporite mineral and as hot spring depositsprismatic, tabular and massive | |240 |mottramite |Vanadium Oxsalts |Pb (Cu, Zn) VO4 OH |3 |3,5 |5,8 |6 |orthorhombic |prismatic or tabular, usually as plumose aggregates, drusy aggregates |none |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |various shades of green, brown and nearly black |vitreous |grayish green |Rare |A secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of ore deposits. |A secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of ore deposits.prismatic or tabular, usually as plumose aggregates, drusy aggregates | |241 |neptunite |Silicates |(Na, K)2 (Fe,Mn) Ti Si4 O12 |5 |6 |3,1 |3,3 |monoclinic |prismatic with square cross sections |1 very good |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |Black often with deep brown internal reflections |vitreous |reddish brown |Very Rare | |prismatic with square cross sections | |242 |scorodite |Simple Oxides |Fe As O4 . 2H2O |3,5 |4 |3,2 |3,3 |orthorhombic |pyramidal, tabular, commonly as crusts |1 imperfect |conchoidal |transparent, translucent |green, yellow, brown, colorless, blue, violet, pale gray |resinous to vitreous |white |Common |Found in the oxidized zones of arsenic minerals |Found in the oxidized zones of arsenic mineralspyramidal, tabular, commonly as crusts | |243 |sphene |Silicates |Ca Ti Si O5 |5 |5,5 |3,5 |3,6 |monoclinic |wedge shaped, prismatic, also massive |1 distinct but parting common |uneven |transparent, translucent, opaque |Colorless,yellow, green gray, grown red and black; variable in crystal |adamantine to resinous |white |Rare |Chiefly found as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks but also in schists and as resistant grains in sediments. |Chiefly found as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks but also in schists and as resistant grains in sediments.wedge shaped, prismatic, also massive | |244 |stephanite |Sulfides, Arsenides, and Tellurides |Ag5 Sb S4 |2 |2,5 |6,2 |6,5 |orthorhombic |short prismatic crystals to tabular also massive |2 imperfect |uneven |opaque |iron black |metallic |iron black |Rare |Found in silver veins with silver and other silver sulfides. |Found in silver veins with silver and other silver sulfides.short prismatic crystals to tabular also massive | |245 |stichtite |Carbonates |Mg6 Cr2 CO3 (OH)16 . 4H2O |1,5 |2 |2 |2,2 |hexagonal |Massive, foliated, lamellar, micaceous |1 perfect |uneven |transparent, translucent |bright lilac to pink |pearly, waxy, greasy |white to lilac |Rare |Occurs in serpentine rocks, greasy feel and inelastic cleavage fragments. |Occurs in serpentine rocks, greasy feel and inelastic cleavage fragments.Massive, foliated, lamellar, micaceous | |246 |tincalconite |Borates |Na2 B4 O5 (OH)4 . 3H2O |1 |3 |1,8 |2 |hexagonal |white powder |unknown |uneven |opaque |white |dull |white |Rare |Occurs as an alteration product of other borax minerals, e.g. Tincalconite pseudomorph after Borax. |Occurs as an alteration product of other borax minerals, e.g. Tincalconite pseudomorph after Borax.white powder | |247 |variscite |Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates |Al PO4 .2H2O |3,5 |4,5 |2,5 |2,6 |orthorhombic |usually massive or as vien fillings and nodules |1 good, 1 poor |uneven |transparent, translucent |Pale green to emeral green and bluish green. |waxy to dull |pale green to white |Rare |Produced by the weathering process on aluminum rich rocks. |Produced by the weathering process on aluminum rich rocks.usually massive or as vien fillings and nodules | |248 |kinoite |Silicates |Cu2 Ca2 Si3 O10 . 2H2O |4,5 |5,5 |3,1 |3,2 |monoclinic |tabular to granular encrusting masses |1 very good |uneven |transparent, translucent |Deep blue |vitreous to dull |blue |Very Rare |Found as vienlets in copper sulfide ore deposits. |Found as vienlets in copper sulfide ore deposits.tabular to granular encrusting masses | |249 |chrysotile |Silicates |(Mg,Fe)3 Si2 O5 (OH)4 |3 |5 |2,5 |2,6 |monoclinic |fibrous, elongated tubelike |none |splintery, uneven |opaque |olive-green, green, blackish, brown, yellow |silky |white |Very Common |Low hardness. Soft and flexible. Can be divided into elastic, flexible fibers. |Low hardness. Soft and flexible. Can be divided into elastic, flexible fibers.fibrous, elongated tubelike | |250 |cobaltite |Sulfides, Arsenides, and Tellurides |Co As S |5,5 |5,5 |6,3 |6,3 |isometric |cubes; granular or compact masses |perfect |uneven |opaque |steel-gray |metallic |grayish-black |Rare |crystal form (cubes), striations on the crystal faces, color, and hardness |crystal form (cubes), striations on the crystal faces, color, and hardnesscubes; granular or compact masses | |251 |limonite |Hydroxides |FeO (OH) |4 |5,5 |2,7 |4,3 |N/A |botryoidal; earthy or porous masses |none |conchoidal |translucent, opaque |yellow, brown |vitreous, earthy |yellowish-brown |Very Common |Streak and earthy structure; yellowish-brown when loose; blackish and iridescent when more coherent |Typical massive to spongy, earthy yellow-brown Limonite.Streak and earthy structure; yellowish-brown when loose; blackish and iridescent when more coherentbotryoidal; earthy or porous masses | |252 |scolecite |Silicates |Ca (Al2 Si3) O10 - 3H2O |5 |5,5 |2,2 |2,4 |monoclinic |fibrous, radiating masses |perfect |splintery |transparent |colorless, white |vitreous, silky |white |Common |habit; soluble in hydrochloric acid leaving a silica gel |habit; soluble in hydrochloric acid leaving a silica gelfibrous, radiating masses | |253 |thomsonite |Silicates |Na Ca2 (Al5 Si5) O20 - 6H2O |5 |5,5 |2,3 |2,4 |orthorhombic |radiating balls or globular aggregates |prismatic |uneven, subconchoidal |transparent, translucent |white, brown |vitreous, pearly |colorless |Rare |habit |habitradiating balls or globular aggregates | |

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download