Baroque Instrumental Music traits
Unit Test Review Sheet – Music Heritage
Mr. Johnson, Instructor
Medieval Traits
Pope Gregory – Pope who catalogued and organized the church’s liturgy during the 6th/7th Century
Gregorian Chant – chant of the genre that Pope Gregory compiled
Characteristics of chant - non-metrical, mostly step wise singing, irregular pulse, devotional in purpose, meant to reflect the words.
Syllabic Chant – chant with about one syllable per note
Melismatic Chant – chant with many syllables per note
Plainsong – another word for chant
Organum – process of adding voices to altered chant set in rhythms. More regular pulse.
Monophonic music – music that consists of one voice
Polyphonic music – music that consists of many independent voices
Hildegard von Bingen – composer of chant and liturgical dramas
Leonin – Composer of Organum at Notre Dame in Paris
Perotinus Magnus – Composer of organum and Leonin’s student
Propers of the Mass – those parts of the Mass that change weekly or seasonally
Ordinaries of the Mass – those parts of the Mass that remain constant at each Mass.
Five Ordinaries of the Mass Kyrie – Lord have mercy
Gloria – Glory to God in the highest
Credo – Nicene Creed
Sanctus – Holy, holy, holy
Agnus Dei – Lamb of God
Why are the Ordinaries of the Mass so important for music history?
Troubadours and Trouveres – singing poets and minstrels who wrote and sang secular music for nobility.
Renaissance Traits:
Humanism – the celebration of all things human – human achievement, the human form, the human mind
Skepticism – the ability to ask questions like, “How do we know something is true?”
Why is Michelangelo’s statue, “David” a good reflection of Renaissance philosophy?
Why does it make sense that composers would concentrate on vocal and choral music during the Renaissance?
Sacred – for the church
Secular – for entertainment or artistry
Vernacular – language of the people
Motet – Sacred polyphonic composition with a Latin text
Madrigal – Secular polyphonic composition with a vernacular text.
Martin Luther and the Reformation – reflects skepticism and human intellectual exercise
Imitation – how voices in a composition mimic each other.
Word Painting – how words reflect sounds of nature
Madrigalism – how the music reflects the words in the text of a piece
Baroque Instrumental Music traits
Baroque means “misshapen” or “bizarre.” The term is a bit of a misnomer in that it really does not reflect the baroque traits except to say that it is a period of excesses in music, fashion and theater.
Virtuosity - impressive display and ability
Basso continuo - Presence of a bass line and harmony.
(cello or bassoon with organ or harpsichord)
Concerto Grosso pits the large group against the small group.
texture, and dynamic contrast.
Melodic Sequence – repeating of a short melodic idea ascending or descending the scale one step at a time.
Examples:
Six Brandenburg Concerti - Johann Sebastian Bach
The Four Seasons - Antonio Vivaldi
Ground bass or Basso Ostinato – repeated short bass line
Canon in D - Johann Pachelbel
Use of harpsichord predominates
Baroque Vocal Music
Opera - large dramatic secular work for chorus, soloists and orchestra
Performed staged with costumes and sets
Oratorio - large dramatic sacred work for chorus, soloists and orchestra
Performed without costumes or sets
Both opera and oratorio have the following types of song:
Aria - longer song - more poetic
Chorus - for the "company"
Recitative - sung dialogue or narration
Messiah - George Frederic Handel
St. Matthew Passion - Johann Sebastian Bach
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