Chapter 7 Early Western Music
Chapter 7 Early Western Music
Value of Style Periods
Helps in thinking about thousands of years of music
Aids in knowing what to listen for
Terms also used for art and architecture
Ancient Times
From 800 B.C. to A.D. 476 city states dominant
Greek civilization flourished in Athens
Roman civilization adopted much of Greek civilization
Ancient Greece
Doctrine of ethos
Pythagoras discovered acoustical ratios
Lyre
Hydralis (later)
The Middle Ages
About 476 to 1100
Otherworldly outlook
Monasteries preserved writings
St. Benedict c. 480-543 founder of western monasticism
St. Gregory (the Great) c. 540-604 documents life of Benedict in “Dialogues”
Gregorian chant
Developed under direction of Pope Gregory in sixth century
Created a liturgy for the Christian church
Pope Gregory (the Great)
The Holy Spirit dictates to Pope Gregory
Gregorian Chant
Nonmetrical rhythm
Monophonic texture
Smooth contour
Modal scales
Latin text
Sung by monks, nuns and priests
Restrained, reverent mood
The Mass
Symbolic re-enactment of Last Supper
Proper – for certain days in Church calendar
Ordinary – normally included
Kyrie – “Lord have mercy”
Gloria – “Glory to God on high”
Credo – “We believe in one God,…”
Sanctus – “Holy, Holy, Holy”
Agnus Dei – “Lamb of God”
Requiem Mass
Funeral Mass
Gloria and Credo omitted
Dies irae added
Hildegard von Bingen
1098-1179
Born near Mainz
"Sybil of the Rhine", produced major works of theology and visionary writings.
Hildegard: Ordo virtutum
Morality play
Characters are the Devil and the sixteen Virtues – Humility, Mercy, Faith, and others
Melodies are chant-like
Sung by nuns, except Devil (speaks)
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