Chapter 18: The Representative Elements - UC Santa Barbara
[Pages:36]Big Idea: The structure of atoms determines their properties; consequently, the behavior of elements is related to their location in the periodic table. In general nonmetallic character becomes more pronounced toward the right of the periodic table.
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
o Hydrogen o Group 1A o Group 2A o Group 3A o Group 4A o Group 5A o Group 6A o Group 7A o Group 8A
The Representative Elements
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
The Representative Elements
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
Hydrogen
Electron configuration is 1s1(similar to the electron configurations of group 1A elements)
Classified as a non metal
Therefore it doesn't fit into any group
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
Hydrogen
Most H is made up of only two particles (an electron and a proton)
H is the most abundant element in the universe and accounts for 89% of all atoms
Little free H on earth
H2 gas is so light that it moves very fast and can escape the Earth's gravitational pull
Need heavier planets to confine H2
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
Group 1A
The Alkali Metals
Electron configuration is ns1(n = period number).
Lose their valence e- easily (great reducing agents).
Most violently reactive of all the metals.
React strongly with H2O(l); the vigor of the reaction increases down the group.
The alkali metals are all too easily oxidized to be found in their free state in nature.
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
Group 1A
Lithium
Strong polarizing power
Forms bonds with highly covalent character
Used in ceramics, Lubricants, Medicine (lithium carbonate (treatment for bipolar disorder))
Sodium
Mined as rock salt which is a deposit of sodium chloride left as ancient oceans evaporated
Extracted using electrolysis of molten NaCl (Downs process)
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
Group 1A
Important Group
NaCl
NaOH
NaHCO3 (Baking Soda)
HCO3-(aq) + HA(aq) A-(g) + H2O(l) +CO2(g) The weak acid (HA) must be present in the dough;
Some weak acids are sour milk, buttermilk, lemon jucie, or vinegar.
Note: Baking powder contains a solid weak acid as well as the hydrogen carbonate therefore CO2(g) is released when water is added
KNO3
2KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
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Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
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