Textbook Guided Reading – Students will answer a series of ...



Mr. Sullivan Name _______________________

AP World History Date ___________________

Textbook Guided Reading POD 9 Medieval Europe Period ________

Directions: Please complete these questions as a means to BEGIN studying and preparing for the upcoming POD test. It is your responsibility to complete this task by the due date. You may wish to refer to your class notes and materials, as well as your textbook for assistance in the completion of this task.

All answers should be placed on the answer worksheet below

Each Question is worth 1 point

Nota bene: The corresponding textbook page numbers are included with each question for your assistance.

|Ques|Answer |

|tion| |

|b. |formal divisions over differences in doctrine. |

|c. |disagreements between kings and church leaders over the extent of secular power. |

|d. |arguments between local priests and the pope about church education. |

|e. |disagreements between priests and lay followers about the wealth of the clergy. |

REF: p. 256

2. The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over

|a. |how mass should be celebrated. |

|b. |the jurisdiction of the western papacy. |

|c. |monophysitism. |

|d. |Arianism. |

|e. |The Crusades. |

REF: p. 256

3. The sixth-century "plague of Justinian" was

|a. |an economic crisis caused by the emperor's economic policies. |

|b. |the death and destruction caused by Justinian's marauding armies. |

|c. |the moral decay and social class struggle in the empire. |

|d. |an outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule. |

|e. |a further divide between the Western and Eastern Churches. |

REF: p. 257

4. In the seventh century, the Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to, though less pronounced than, that of western Europe. This was caused by all of the following except

|a. |the rapid growth of the merchant class. |

|b. |the decline of some cities in wealth and population. |

|c. |the replacement of a money economy with barter. |

|d. |the disappearance of the traditional urban class. |

|e. |beginning rivalry between the power held by families and the power of class-based officeholders. |

REF: p. 257

5. After the seventh century, Byzantine women

|a. |won increased rights to property and inheritance. |

|b. |began to officially rule the empire. |

|c. |were increasingly confined to home life. |

|d. |were no longer allowed to serve as religious leaders. |

|e. |no longer wore veils. |

REF: p. 257

6. What was the most significant architectural contribution of the Byzantine Empire?

|a. |Hagia Sophia |

|b. |The Great Horn |

|c. |The Hippodrome |

|d. |The palace of the Porphyrogenitus rulers |

|e. |The library of Alexius Comnenus |

REF: p. 258

7. Among the Byzantines' cultural achievements is (are)

|a. |the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs. |

|b. |the introduction of Islam to southern Europe. |

|c. |their shipbuilding and epics about the wars of the Mediterranean Sea. |

|d. |a dynamic painting style conveying deep emotion and spiritual yearning. |

|e. |their revival of the Olympic games. |

REF: p. 258-259

8. In general, which of the following did not occur in western Europe after the decline of Roman authority?

|a. |A legal framework disappeared. |

|b. |There was increasing political fragmentation. |

|c. |The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs. |

|d. |Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions. |

|e. |The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church. |

REF: p. 260

9. After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire

|a. |became known as the Byzantine Empire. |

|b. |fell under the control of Constantine. |

|c. |fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms. |

|d. |had no powerful rulers or authority. |

|e. |reasserted Roman rule. |

REF: p. 260

10. In what area of France did Charles "The Hammer" Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain?

|a. |Tours |

|b. |Loire |

|c. |Lyon |

|d. |Marseilles |

|e. |Paris |

REF: p. 260

11. The Treaty of Verdun resulted in

|a. |the formal declaration of Roman Christianity for kingdoms of Charlemagne. |

|b. |a cessation of hostilities between the Muslims and Christians in Spain. |

|c. |the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne's grandsons. |

|d. |a reconciliation between the Eastern Orthodox and Western (Catholic) Christian sects. |

|e. |formal surrender of Constantinople to the Seljuk Turks. |

REF: p. 261

12. A significant military threat to western Europe in the late 8th century came from:

|a. |the Abbasid Caliphate's re-conquest of Islamic territories. |

|b. |the reappearance from the eastern Steppes of the Huns. |

|c. |uprisings of Germanic tribes against Charlemagne's expansion. |

|d. |Viking raiders along the coastal areas. |

|e. |a renewed naval fleet from Carthage. |

REF: p. 261

13. In western Europe, the primary centers for agricultural production were

|a. |scattered farms owned by the regional nobility. |

|b. |small farms owned by those who worked on them. |

|c. |self-sufficient farming estates known as manors. |

|d. |normally worked by slaves. |

|e. |communal property under village control. |

REF: p. 262

14. The end of Anglo-Saxon domination in England came in the late 11th century with:

|a. |the initiation of the Crusades. |

|b. |the fall of the Umayyad caliphate. |

|c. |civil war in Scandinavia recalling marauders home. |

|d. |invasion of the Norman king William. |

|e. |overthrow of the witan by Celtic forces. |

REF: p. 261

15. Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were

|a. |satraps. |

|b. |serfs. |

|c. |mobads. |

|d. |bailiffs. |

|e. |sheriffs. |

REF: p. 262

16. Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?

|a. |The social structure of the Germanic peoples emphasized loyalty to the pope. |

|b. |The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region. |

|c. |Feudalism didn't begin until 1300. |

|d. |Most of the old Roman system continued, particularly in France. |

|e. |Scholars now know that "feudalism" as such never really existed. |

REF: p. 263

17. Which area did not endure Viking raids?

|a. |England |

|b. |France |

|c. |Muslim Spain. |

|d. |Russia |

|e. |Constantinople |

REF: p. 261

18. As time went on, armored knighthood

|a. |was restricted to those with hereditary titles. |

|b. |continued only in areas with a free peasantry. |

|c. |was limited to those with revenue from land. |

|d. |required permission of the king and the church. |

|e. |was taught to all citizens. |

REF: p. 264

19. A fief was

|a. |a small, nonhereditary manor. |

|b. |any estate governed by a hereditary lord. |

|c. |any small and independent kingdom. |

|d. |a Germanic peasant. |

|e. |a grant of land exchanged for military service. |

REF: p. 264

20. Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included all of the following except

|a. |metal weapons. |

|b. |stirrups. |

|c. |chain mail. |

|d. |heavy horses. |

|e. |an early form of dynamite. |

REF: p. 263-264

21. After the tenth century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges except

|a. |disagreements over church regulations. |

|b. |getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally. |

|c. |shortages of trained clergy. |

|d. |continued infractions of the rules against clergy marrying. |

|e. |residual pagan practices such as the worship of rivers, trees, and mountains. |

REF: p. 278

22. Justice at the local level was usually provided by whom?

|a. |the king |

|b. |the reeves of a shire. |

|c. |the lord of the manor. |

|d. |the archbishop of the diocese. |

|e. |local custom. |

REF: p. 265

23. The Bayeaux Tapestry was created by:

|a. |French victors after the Battle of Hastings. |

|b. |women. |

|c. |a weaver's guild. |

|d. |Carmelite nuns. |

|e. |we don't know. |

REF: p. 265

24. Books within the Catholic church to guide priests about appropriate penance for sin were called:

|a. |hymnals. |

|b. |catechism. |

|c. |triptychs |

|d. |hagiographies. |

|e. |penitentials. |

REF: p. 266

25. A problem within the church was simony, or

|a. |appointment of one's relatives to church positions. |

|b. |selling of absolution for sin in advance of committing it. |

|c. |non-celibate clergy. |

|d. |buying and selling of religious offices. |

|e. |inclusion of non-ordained personnel in church services. |

REF: p. 266

26. The term investiture controversy refers to the

|a. |struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments. |

|b. |debate over how to invest church funds. |

|c. |conflict over choosing new popes. |

|d. |amount of power local priests were allowed. |

|e. |issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner. |

REF: p. 268

27. One of the most significant sources of conflict for western Europe between 1000 and 1400 was

|a. |a struggle for power between the church and state. |

|b. |a struggle for holding together the Holy Roman Empire as Charlemagne had created it. |

|c. |a struggle to keep the Muslims from crossing the Straits of Gibraltar. |

|d. |the loss of status when Russia chose to convert to the "eastern" form of Christianity. |

|e. |the reputation of corrupt popes. |

REF: p. 268

28. A major center of pilgrimage in England was:

|a. |Canterbury |

|b. |Stonehenge |

|c. |St. Alban |

|d. |Glastonbury |

|e. |Salisbury. |

REF: p. 268

29. The movement for reformed monasticism under the austere Rule of Benedict included all of the following changes except

|a. |independence of the monastery from local secular politics. |

|b. |poverty. |

|c. |prayer at specified intervals. |

|d. |hard labor. |

|e. |rule from the monastery at Cluny. |

REF: p. 270

30. One of the most important effects of monasticism was

|a. |the preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts. |

|b. |the new hierarchy it imposed on the church. |

|c. |the aggressive missionary efforts of Benedictine monks. |

|d. |the creation of a religious warrior class. |

|e. |preserving the work of the ancient Greeks. |

REF: p. 270

31. The reform monastic movement started in France was centered at

|a. |Cluny |

|b. |Clarveaux |

|c. |Aquitaine |

|d. |Paris |

|e. |Aix-la-Chappell. |

REF: p. 270

32. The Varangians who ruled early Russia were

|a. |Turkish nomads |

|b. |displaced Byzantine aristocracy. |

|c. |Swedish Vikings |

|d. |Germanic tribesmen. |

|e. |the Kievan nobility. |

REF: p. 271

33. One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because

|a. |he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples. |

|b. |he felt that a relationship with Islam would do nothing to promote trade. |

|c. |he got special dispensation from the pope to marry two wives. |

|d. |he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption. |

|e. |he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings. |

REF: p. 271

34. In Kievan Russia, power derived from

|a. |landholding. |

|b. |warfare. |

|c. |religion. |

|d. |trade. |

|e. |mining. |

REF: p. 272

35. During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of

|a. |papal edicts to encourage increased birthrates. |

|b. |the Christian Crusades. |

|c. |technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons. |

|d. |the abolition of the death penalty for debtors across Europe. |

|e. |the introduction of rice (from Arab lands) to the diet. |

REF: p. 274

36. Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders?

|a. |They controlled extensive agricultural lands. |

|b. |They passed laws making serfs free once they came to the city. |

|c. |They were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords. |

|d. |They specialized in trade and manufacturing. |

|e. |They had more abundant coinage. |

REF: p. 275

37. Which of the following is not true about the Crusades?

|a. |They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns. |

|b. |Prior to the Crusades, Muslim leaders generally protected Christian pilgrims. |

|c. |Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors. |

|d. |The pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders. |

|e. |The Crusaders failed to capture Jerusalem. |

REF: p. 278

38. The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought

|a. |Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade. |

|b. |an end to the Christian Crusades. |

|c. |a Christian-Islamic treaty at Jerusalem. |

|d. |official recognition of Jerusalem as the Holy Land. |

|e. |the end of the Great Schism that split the Christian church for fifty years. |

REF: p. 278

39. As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except

|a. |Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy. |

|b. |access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in western Europe. |

|c. |pasta, paper, and refined sugar. |

|d. |hard soap and colored glass. |

|e. |original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers. |

REF: p. 279

40. What percentage of the western European population was rural during the late Middle Ages?

|a. |70% |

|b. |75% |

|c. |80% |

|d. |90% |

|e. |100% |

REF: p. 392

41. Western Europeans of the later Middle Ages referred to themselves as

|a. |Franks. |

|b. |Europeans. |

|c. |Westerners. |

|d. |"Old Worlders." |

|e. |Latins. |

REF: p. 391

42. What caused the end of serfdom in western Europe?

|a. |the Black Death |

|b. |the rise of popular literature |

|c. |the rise of cities |

|d. |the decimated agricultural productivity of the early 14th century |

|e. |emancipation after participating in the Hundred Years' War |

REF: p. 394

43. Which factor was not a contributor to the doubling of the European population between 1100-1445?

|a. |economic growth |

|b. |warm temperatures |

|c. |new farming techniques |

|d. |few epidemics |

|e. |unification under Christianity |

REF: p. 392

44. The Bubonic Plague was brought to Europe by

|a. |Mongol invaders |

|b. |Chinese explorers |

|c. |Genoese traders |

|d. |Christian monks |

|e. |Russian serfs |

REF: p. 393

45. The three-field system was

|a. |the traditional three-part contest performed by knights. |

|b. |the legal system. |

|c. |the political relationship between king, lord, and serf. |

|d. |the technology used in medieval optics. |

|e. |an agricultural method. |

REF: p. 393

46. By the time it subsided, the Black Death had killed

|a. |one out of three western Europeans. |

|b. |one out of five western Europeans. |

|c. |one out of ten western Europeans. |

|d. |one out of twenty western Europeans. |

|e. |a negligible number of western Europeans. |

REF: p. 393

47. Which of the following was not a social result of the Black Death epidemic?

|a. |A demand by laborers for higher pay |

|b. |A call for democracy |

|c. |Peasant revolutions |

|d. |An increase in per capita production |

|e. |An end of serfdom for all intents and purposes |

REF: p. 394

48. Windmills and watermills

|a. |were invented in later medieval Europe. |

|b. |had long been common in the Islamic world. |

|c. |were banned by the pope as the "devil's wheel." |

|d. |had little impact in Europe. |

|e. |were unknown in China. |

REF: p. 394

49. In Europe's later Middle Ages, the rapid growth of industry resulted in environmental changes; which of the following was not among them?

|a. |Deforestation |

|b. |Water pollution by industries such as tanneries |

|c. |The damming of rivers |

|d. |The creation of quarry pits and mines |

|e. |The extinction of many animal species |

REF: p. 395

50. The continued growth of trade and manufacturing after 1200 resulted in

|a. |The growth of urban areas in the Latin West |

|b. |The continuing economic depression in agriculture |

|c. |The isolation of Europe from the rest of the world |

|d. |Religious revival and expansion |

|e. |Strict government regulation |

REF: p. 395

51. The growth of metal working industries in the Middle Ages was due to

|a. |watermills |

|b. |improved mining techniques from Central Europe |

|c. |blast furnaces |

|d. |new sources of metals |

|e. |all of these |

REF: p. 395

52. The crucial factor to the growth of cities was

|a. |increased trade |

|b. |being self-sustaining |

|c. |proximity to agricultural resources |

|d. |a reliable transportation infrastructure |

|e. |the beginning of the guild system |

REF: p. 396

53. Marco Polo's goal was to

|a. |travel to the Mongol capital. |

|b. |find his way to India. |

|c. |follow the route of Alexander the Great. |

|d. |find Prester John. |

|e. |establish a Venetian trade outpost in Central Asia. |

REF: p. 396

54. The predominant city for trade with the Far East during the Middle Ages was:

|a. |Paris |

|b. |London |

|c. |Flanders |

|d. |Venice |

|e. |Barcelona |

REF: p. 396

55. Which of the following is not true of trading cities in Europe during the Middle Ages?

|a. |They were unable to produce products to compete with Asian products. |

|b. |They offered people more social freedom than rural places. |

|c. |They were often "chartered cities" where residents could claim freedom. |

|d. |They were able to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. |

|e. |They were home to most of Europe's Jews. |

REF: p. 396

56. What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in medieval Europe?

|a. |It usually organized the persecution. |

|b. |It did not often participate but usually looked the other way when persecution took place. |

|c. |It assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances. |

|d. |It advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe. |

|e. |It played no official role in the persecution, as the church was officially the protector of Jews. |

REF: p. 399

57. A guild was

|a. |a band of knights without ties to a lord. |

|b. |an association of craft specialists from the same trade. |

|c. |an order of monks. |

|d. |a unit of currency in use throughout the Latin West. |

|e. |a measurement of distance. |

REF: p. 399

58. One of the most significant growth industries in the 14th century was:

|a. |merchant banking |

|b. |stonemasonry |

|c. |papermaking |

|d. |wool weaving |

|e. |metal smelting |

REF: p. 399

59. The Hanseatic League was based in

|a. |Germany. |

|b. |Russia. |

|c. |the Ottoman Empire. |

|d. |England. |

|e. |Bulgaria. |

REF: p. 396

60. Which of the following is true of merchant banking in the fifteenth century?

|a. |Jews were prohibited from moneylending for religious reasons. |

|b. |Florence lagged behind the rest of the Latin West. |

|c. |Checking accounts, shareholding companies, moneychanging, loans, and investments were offered as services. |

|d. |Services were only offered to the clergy. |

|e. |No money could be lent for the purpose of warfare in accordance with the Banker Agreement of 1499. |

REF: p. 399-402

61. What "architectural wonder" first made its appearance in France on or about the year 1140 C.E.?

|a. |Guild halls |

|b. |Opera houses |

|c. |Gothic cathedrals |

|d. |Chateaux |

|e. |Romanesque churches |

REF: p. 402-403

62. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral?

|a. |The flying buttress |

|b. |Giant stained-glass windows |

|c. |The Gothic arch |

|d. |Their great height |

|e. |Domes |

REF: p. 403

63. The Renaissance began in

|a. |eastern France. |

|b. |southern England. |

|c. |southern Russia. |

|d. |Austria. |

|e. |northern Italy. |

REF: p. 404

64. Some of the "lost knowledge" of the Greek and Arab world came into the Latin West through

|a. |the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns. |

|b. |the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines and of Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims. |

|c. |contact with the court of Khubilai Khan. |

|d. |the discovery of the remains of the Library of Alexandria. |

|e. |the lively trade in classical antiquities. |

REF: p. 404

65. Before they were expelled in 1492, the largest population of Jews in the West was found in

|a. |France. |

|b. |Belgium. |

|c. |Holland. |

|d. |Spain. |

|e. |England. |

REF: p. 404

66. The two new religious orders in the 13th century that lent themselves to teaching were:

|a. |Benedictines and Cappucines. |

|b. |Ursine and Jesuit |

|c. |Dominican and Franciscans |

|d. |Carmelites and Cistercians |

|e. |Augustinian and Josephite |

REF: p. 404

67. In the universities of the Latin West, all courses were taught in

|a. |French. |

|b. |Greek. |

|c. |Hebrew. |

|d. |Latin. |

|e. |German. |

REF: p. 405

68. The most notable work in Scholasticism, the Summa Theologica, was written by:

|a. |Geoffrey Chaucer |

|b. |Thomas Aquinas |

|c. |Dante Aligheri |

|d. |Jan Hus |

|e. |Peter Abelard |

REF: p. 405

69. Which of the following does not describe the Divine Comedy?

|a. |It features the Roman poet Virgil as the author's guide through Hell. |

|b. |It used the vernacular, foreshadowing the literary fashions of the later Italian Renaissance. |

|c. |It was written by Dante Alighieri. |

|d. |It made use of Greco-Roman classical themes. |

|e. |It was written in Latin like most literature of the time. |

REF: p. 405

70. One of the significant features of the growth of literature in the 14-15th century was

|a. |the development of epic poetry |

|b. |the fusion of mythology and religious overtones |

|c. |the incorporation of political criticism |

|d. |the composition of literature in the vernacular |

|e. |the inclusion of common people in literary tales. |

REF: p. 405

71. The greatest influence of the humanists was in

|a. |the reform of secondary education. |

|b. |creating the Knights Templar. |

|c. |medicine. |

|d. |the standardization of weights and measures. |

|e. |their call to a return to the traditions and learning of the early Middle Ages. |

REF: p. 405

72. Which of the following fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance?

|a. |The ability of the average person to afford art |

|b. |The war against the Muslims, in which many Muslim artists and artwork were captured |

|c. |The "artistic tax" by which part of every salary was used to support museums |

|d. |The patronage of wealthy merchants and prelates |

|e. |Universal education |

REF: p. 408

73. Credit for "the lost art of painting" being revived is traditionally given to:

|a. |Giotto |

|b. |Van Eyck |

|c. |Da Vinci |

|d. |Botticelli |

|e. |Rembrandt |

REF: p. 407

74. What changes transformed later medieval military technology?

|a. |The catapult |

|b. |Firearms and crossbows with metal-tipped arrows |

|c. |The organization of knights into armies and primitive biological warfare |

|d. |Universal male conscription and the invention of the mace |

|e. |Military advancement based on merit |

REF: p. 409

75. The Great Western Schism originated over

|a. |whether the seat of Catholicism should be in Rome or Constantinople. |

|b. |whether or not women could be priests. |

|c. |the nationality of the pope. |

|d. |whether or not priests could be married. |

|e. |the formation of different types of monasteries (Franciscan, Dominican, Cappucin, etc). |

REF: p. 409

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