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First Certificate Language ChecklistGrammar StructureExamplesSelf-assessmentPast simple/Present perfectI haven’t seen John for 5 years.The last time I saw John was 5 years ago.2nd conditionalIf I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion.If I didn’t work in construction, I would be an actor.3rd conditionalIf I hadn’t slipped on that banana, I wouldn’t have broken my arm.If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.The passive voiceActive: The police arrested the man.Passive: The man was arrested by the police.Other example: It is said that cigarettes give you cancer.Cigarettes are said to give you cancerWish/If onlyI regret eating so much -> I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.It was a bad idea to drink that wine -> If only I hadn’t drunk that wine.Linkers: Despite/in spite of -> Although/even thoughDespite the rain, the party was great -> The party was great even though it was raining.Although he felt ill, he still went to school. -> He still went to school in spite of his illness.Reported speech“I went there last year.” -> He said that he had gone there last year.“I will call him tomorrow.” -> She said that she would call him the following day.Reported questions“Have you been to Paris?” -> He asked me if I had been to Paris.“Where is the train station?” -> He asked me where the train station was.Phrasal verbsHe wants to cancel the meeting -> he wants to call off the meeting.He won’t tolerate bad behaviour -> he won’t put up with bad behaviour.Causative have/get: have/get something doneI need to get my hair cut.I need to have my computer paratives/superlativesThis restaurant is better than that one -> That restaurant isn’t as good as this one.He’s not nearly as tall as me.My brother is slightly younger than me.No one is as good at football as Messi -> Messi is the best football player.Past modal verbs:Must haveCould/might/may haveShould have etc.The butler must have murdered him, there’s blood on his shirt.It can’t have been Sarah you saw at the mall, she’s on holiday in Dubai.I shouldn’t have drunk so much last night.So/suchIt was so hot that we couldn’t leave the hotel -> It was such a hot day that we had to stay in the hotel.It rained so much that the house flooded. ->It was such a rainy day that the house flooded.Gerund/infinitiveI’m a big fan of playing water sports.I’m interested in studying history.I have decided to study biology.He spent 10 minutes knocking on my door. ................
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