Krok-1 2010



Krok-1 (2007-2012) Medical

Excitation-2007

1.The permeability of the irritable cell membrane has been increased for potassium ions during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?

A. *Hyperpolarization

B.Depolarization

C.Action potential

D.Local response

E.No changes

2.In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of relaxation of single muscle contraction?

A.Asynchronous tetanus

B.Muscle contracture

C.A series of single contractions

D. *Partial tetanus

E.Holotetanus

2007,2009

3. In course of experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?

A. *Holotetanus

B. Muscle contracture

C. Asynchronous tetanus

D. Partial tetanus

E. A series of a single contractions

Excitation-2008,2010

4. An isolated muscle fiber is under experiment. It was ascertained that excitement threshold of a cell was significantly lowered. What might have caused this phenomenon?

A. Inactivation of membrane sodium channels

B. Activation of membrane potassium channels

C. Inactivation of membrane potassium channels

D. Blockade of energy production in the cell

E. *Activation of membrane sodium channels

Excitation-2009

5. Stimulation of an excitable cell by the electric current has led to the depolarization of its membrane. The depolarization has been caused mainly by the following ions penetrating into the cell through its membrane:

A. K+

B. Cl-

C. Ca2+

D. *Na+

E. HCO-3

Excitation-2009, 2011

6. Which muscle contraction will be observed in the upper extremity during holding (not moving) a load in a certain position?

A. Concentric

B. *Isometric

C. Excentric

D. Isotonic

E. Auxotonic

Excitation -2011

9. As a result of activation of the ion channels of the external membrane the rest potential of the excitable cell has greatly increased. What channels were activated?

A. Fast calcium channels

B. *Potassium channels

C. Slow calcium channels

D. Sodium and calcium channels

E. Sodium channels

Excitation- 2012

10. Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following “all-or none” low and being able of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:

A. Receptor potential

B. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

C. Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Rest potential

D. *Action potential

CNS-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012

1. As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?

A.Black substance

B.Vestibular nuclei

C.Red nuclei

D. *Quadritubercular bodies

E.Medial nuclei of reticular formation

2. As a result of spinal-cord trauma a 33 y.o. man has a disturbed pain and temperature sensitivity that is caused by damage of the following tract:

A.Anterior spinocerebellar

B.Posterior spinocerebellar

C.Lateral spinocortical

D.Medial spinocortical

E.*Spinathalamic

CNS-2008

3. As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?

A. Red nuclei

B. Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate

C. Vestibular nuclei

D. *Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate

E. Black substance

4. In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:

A. Left flexors

B. Right flexors

C. Right and left extensors

D. *Right extensors

E. Left extensors

5. Deglutition of a patient is disturbed as a result of a trauma. The most probable cause of this disturbance is affection of the following part of CNS.

A. *Medulla oblongata

Spinal cord. CV-VI

B. Hypothalamus

C. Mesencephalon

D. Spinal cord. Th II-IV

CNS-2009, 2011

6. During an experiment the myotatic reflex has been studied in frogs. After extension in a skeletal muscle its reflectory contraction was absent. The reason for it might be a dysfunction of the following receptors:

A. Articular

B. Golgi tendon organs

C. *Muscle spindles

D. Nociceptors

E. Tactile

CNS-2009

7. During an experiment the dorsal roots of the spinal cord of the animal have been cut. What changes will be observed in the innervation zone?

A. Decrease in muscle tone

B. Sensitivity loss and loss of motor functions

C. Increase in muscle tone

D. *Sensitivity loss

E. Loss of motor functions

CNS-2009, 2011

8. An animal has an increased tonus of extensor muscles. This is the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending pathways:

A. Medial corticospinal

B. *Vestibulospinal

C. Reticulospinal

D. Rubrospinal

E. Lateral corticospinal

9. A man presents with increased heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. This condition results from the activation of the following system of function regulation:

A. *Sympathetic

B. Metasympathetic

C. Vago-insular

D. Parasympathetic

E. Hypothalamo-pitutary-adrenal

CNS-2010

10. A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?

*Cerebellum

A. Red nucleus

B. Caudate nucleus

C. Motor cortex

D. Putamen

11. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?

A. *Anterior spinocerebellar tract

Tectospinal tract

B. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle

C. Rubrospinal tract

D. Reticulospinal tract

12. Brain tomography revealed a tumor in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain is damaged?

*Midbrain

A. Interbrain

B. Medulla oblongata

C. Cerebellum

D. Pons cerebelli

CNS 2010,2012

13. One of the sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horisontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?

A. *Cortex of cerebrum

B. Hypothalamus

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Spinal cord

E. Cerebellum

CNS-2011

24. A patient underwent an extraction of a part of a CNS structures by medical indications. As a result of the extraction the patient developed atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxy and adiadocholinesis. Which part of CNS structure had been extracted?

A. Hippocamp

B. *Cerebellum

C. Basal ganglions

D. Limbic system

E. Amygdaloid corpus

CNS-2012

25. As a result of trauma a patient has damaged anterior roots of spinal cord. What structures have been affected?

*Axons of motoneurons and axons of neurons of lateral horns

A. Axons of neurons of lateral horns

Dendrites of neurons of spinal ganglions

B. Central processes of sensitive neurons of spinal ganglions

C. Peripheral processes of sensitive spinal ganglions

26. A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contraction remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:

A. Afferent nerves

Conduction tracts

B. *Central synapses

C. Efferent nerves

D. Neuromuscular synapses

27. A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:

A. Limbic system

*Cerebellum

B. Brainstem

C. Basal ganglions

D. Medulla oblongata

28. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?

A. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle

B. *Anterior spinocerebellar tract

C. Reticulospinal tract

D. Rubrospinal tract

E. Tectospinal tract

29. Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause these symptoms?

A. Pons cerebelli

B. Medulla

C. *Hypothalamus

D. Mesencephalic tegmentum

E. Cerebral peduncles (cruses cerebri)

Endocrine-2007

1. Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is meant?

A.Cortisol

B.Glucagon

C.Insulin

D.Somatotropin

E.*Thyroxin

2. A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of :

A.Thymus

B.*Parathyroid glands

C.Hypophysis

D.Adrenal cortex

E.Pineal gland

Endocrine-2007, 2008

3.Examination of a patient revealed hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?

A.Natriuretic

B.*Aldosteron

C.Cortisol

D.Parathormone

E.Vasopressin

Endocrine2007

4. Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard, and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?

A. Of oestrogen

B. Of progesteron

C. Of somatotropin

D. Of cortisole

E. *Of testosterone

Endocrine-2008, 2009

5. A girl is diagnosed with androgenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:

A.Cortisol

B. Adrenalin

C. Aldosterone

D. Estrogen

E. *Androgen

Endocrine 2008

6. A man has an accelerated heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. It is caused by activation of the following function system:

A. Vagoinsular

B. Metasympathetic

*Sympathetic

D. Hypothalamo-pitutary- adrenal

7. Amount of urine is 10 l a day. Glucose concentration in blood is normal, urine contains no glucose. Such concentration may be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

A. Triiodthyronine

B. *Vasopressine

C. Oxytocine

D. Cortisole

E. Insulin

(2012)

A 20 year old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urine. The patient has been diagnosed diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?

A. Thyroxin

B. Cortisol

C. Oxytocin

D. *Vasopressin

E. Insulin

8. A 35 y.o. patient diagnosted with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secret. Such changes of the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormone:

A. ACTH

B. Testosterone

C. *Estrogen

D. Somatotropin

E. Progesterone

9. After a surgical procedure an experimental animal died from intense convultions. What endocrine glands were extracted?

A. *Parathyroid

B. Thyroid

C. Ovaries

D. Adrenals

E. Testicles

Endocrine-2009, 2011

10. A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?

A. Glomerular and reticular

B. Glomerular

C..

D. Reticular

A. *Fascicular

2009, 2011

11. A 32-year patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder must be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:

A. Vasopressin

B. Glucagon

C. Thyrocalcitonin

D. *Prolactin

E. Somatotropin

2009

12. Examination of a patient revealed overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissues, tongue enlargement, wide interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch. What changes of the hormonal secretion are the most likely?

A. Hyposecretion of insulin

B. Hyposecretion of thyroxine

C. Hyposecretion of the somatotropic hormone

D. Hypersecretion of insulin

E. *Hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone

13. To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?

A. Sexual hormones

B. *Glucocorticoids

C. Catecholamines

D. Mineralocorticoids

E. Thyroid

14. A middle-aged man went to a foreign country because he had been offered a job there. However he had been unemployed for quite a long time. What endocrine glands were exhausted most of all in this man?

A. Substernal gland

B. Thyroid gland

C. Seminal glands

D. Parathyroid glands

E. *Adrenal glands

Endocrine-2010

15. People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompained by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:

A. *Aldosterone

Natriuretic

B. Cortisol

C. Thyroxine

D. Vasopressin

16. A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/110 mm Hg, height – 164 cm, weight – 103 kg; the fat is most accumulated on the neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenic mechanism of obesity?

Increased mineralocorticoid production

A. *Increased production of glucocorticoids

Reduced production of thyroid hormones

B. Increased insulin production

C. Reduced glucagon production

Endocrine-2010,2011

17. A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:

A. Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor

B. Aldosterone increase

*Aldosterone reduction

C. Vasopressin increase

D. Vasopressin reduction

Endocrine-2011

18. The secretion of which hypophysial hormones will be inhibited after taking the oral contraceptives containing sex hormones?

A. Somatotropic hoemone

B. *Gonadotropic hormones

C. Thyrotropic hormone

D. Vasopressin

E. Oxytocin

19. A female patient presents with endocrine dysfunction of follicular cells of the ovarian follicles resulting from inflammation. The synthesis of the following hormone will be inhibited:

A. Lutropin

B. Follistatine

C.* Estrogen

D. Progesterone

E. Follicle stimulating hormone

20. A patient complains of hydruria (7 liters per day) and polydipsia. Examination reveals no disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. These abnormalities might be caused by the dysfunction of the following endocrine gland:

A. Adrenal cortex

B. Islets of Langergans (pancreatic islets)

C. *Neurohypophysis

D. Adrenal medulla

E. Adenohypophysis

Endocrine – 2012

21. Before the cells can utilize the glucose, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside them. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:

A. Glucagon

B. Thyroxine

C. Adrenaline

D. Aldosterone

E. *Insulin

Endocrine-2012

22. Examination of 43 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like face, red-blue striae of skin distention on the belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A. Cushing’s disease

B. Conn’s disease

C. *Cushing’s syndrome

D. Diabetes mellitus

E. Essential hypertension

23. A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

A. Thyrocalcitonine

B. *Parathormone

C. Thyroxin

D. Triiodthyronine

E. Somatotropic hormone

24. A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convultions. He has a life-time history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium – 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor – 1,9 millimole/l. These changes are associated with:

A. Hypoaldosteronism

B. Hypothyroidism

C. Hyperparathyroidism

D. *Hypoparathyroidism

E. Hyperaidosteronism

25. Paradontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?

A. Adrenalin

B. Thyroxine

C. Aldosterone

D. *Calcitonin

E. Parathormone

26. A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?

A. Insulin

B. Noradrenaline

C. Somatotropin

D. *Glucose

E. Lidase

Endocrine-blood 2007

27. Osmotic pressure of a man’s blood plasma is 350 mosmol/l (standard pressure is 300 mosmole/l). First of all it will result in high secretion of the following hormone:

A. Aldosteron

B. Cortisol

C. Adrenocorticotropin

D. *Vasopressin

E. Natriuretic

Blood-2007

1. Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumines and globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?

A.Decrease of ESR

B.Hypercoagulation

C*.Increase of ESR

D.Increase of hematocrit

E.Decrease of hematocrit

2. A woman with III (B), Rh- blood group born a child with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child’s father likely to have?

A. *II(A), Rh+

B. III(B), Rh+

C. I(O), Rh+

D. I(O), Rh-

E. II(A), Rh-

Blood-2008

3. A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0αβ (I), Bα (III) groups. didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aβ (II) group. The blood group under examination is:

A. Bα (III)

B. AB (IV)

C. .

D. 0 αβ (I)

E. *Aβ (II)

Blood-2008, 2009

4. A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:

A. *Blood coagulation

B. Osmotic blood pressure

C. Erythropoietin secretion

D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

E. Anticoagulant generation

Blood-2008, 2011

5. A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?

A. *Filtration will be increased, reabsorption will be decreased

B. Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased

C. Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption will be increased

D. Exchange will stay unchanged

E. Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased

Blood-2009

6. A 38-year-old patient with an uterine hemorrhage lasting for 2 days was delivered to the admission ward. Which of the following will be revealed in the patient’s blood?

A. Leukocytosis

B. Increase of the colour infex

C. *Decrease of the hematocrite index

D. Deceleration in ESR

E. Eosinophilia

7. It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused by the standard sera from the I and II groups. Serum from the III group as well as anti-Rh serum hadn’t provoke any agglutination. Which blood group and rhesus is allowed to be transfused this recipient?

A. *B,α (III) Rh-

B. O, α,β (I)Rh+

C. A, β (II)Rh-

D. AB (IV), Rh+

E. AB (IV), Rh-

8. After a surgery a 36-year-old woman was given an intravenous injection of concentrated albumin solution. This has induced intensified water movement in the following direction:

A. From the intracellular fluid to the cells

B. *From the intracellular fluid to the capillaries

C. No changes of water movement will be observed

D. From the cells to the intracellular fluid

E. From the capillaries to the intracellular fluid

9. A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/l (norm is 300 mOsmol/l). This will cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:

A. Cortisol

B. Adrenocorticotropin

C. *Vasopressin

D. Natriuretic

E. Aldosterone

Blood-2010

10. A man weights 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:

A. *Water loss with sweat

B. Increased diuresis

Increased number of erythrocytes

C. Increased circulating blood volume

D. Increased protein concentration in plasma

11. Two hours after exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?

Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis

A. *Redistribution of leukocytes in organism

B. Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues

C. Deceleration of leukocyte lysis

D. Leukopoiesis intensification

Blood-2010, 2011

12. Blood group of 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0αβ (I), Aβ (II), Bα (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:

A. Aβ (II)

B. *0αβ (I)

C. AB (IV)

D. Bα (III)

E. -

Blood-2010

13. A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?

Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption – increased

Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased

A. Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased

Exchange will stay unchanged

*Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased

14. A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 months after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?

A. *T-killers

B. B-lymphocytes

T-helpers

C. Interleukin-1

D. Natural killers

15. Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasma. What ESR can this woman have?

A. 0-5 mm/h

B. 5-10 mm/h

C. 2-12 mm/h

D. *40-50 mm/h

10-15 mm/h

16. A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:

Iron

A. Potassium

Magnesium

B. Sodium

*Calcium

Blood-2011

17. Blood count of an athlete is as follows: erythrocytes – 5,5 ∙ 1012/l, Hb – 180 g/l,

leukocytes – 7 ∙ 109/l, neutrophils – 64%, basophils – 0,5%, eosinophils – 0,5%, monocytes – 8%, lymphocytes – 27%. First of all, such results indicate the stimulation of:

A. Granulocytopoiesis

B. Immunogenesis

C. Leukopoesis

D. *Erythropoesis

E. Lymphopoiesis

Blood-2012

18. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:

A. *Platelets

B. Monocytes

C. Lymphocytes

D. Eosinophils

E. Neurtophils

CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM

Automatism

Cardio-vascular-2007

1.Heart rate of a man permanently equals 40 beats pro minute. What is the pacemaker?

A.His’ bundle

B.Purkinje’s fibers

C.His’ bundle branches

D.Sinoatrial node

E.*Atriventricular node

Cardio-vascular-2007, 2008, 2010, 2012

2.An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro minute. What heart structure was this cell obtained from?

A.Ventricle

B.Atrium

C.*Sinoatrial node

D.Atrioventricular node

E.His’ bundle

Cardio-vascular-2008

4. A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. There after the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:

A. Purkinje’s fibers

B. Atrioventricular node

C. His’ bundle branches

D. His’ bundle fibers

E. *Sinoatrial node

Cardio-vascular-2007

5. Examination of an isolated cardiomyocyte revealeted that it didn’t generate excitation impulses automatically. This cardiomyocyte was obtained from:

A.*Ventricles

B.Purkinje’s fibres

C.Atrioventricular node

D.His’ bundle

E.Sinoatrial node

Cardio-vasc-2009

6. During an experiment vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated. This has stopped conduction of excitement from the atria to the ventricles. The reason for it are electrophysical changes in the following structures:

A. Atria

B. Sinoatrial node

C. Ventricals

D. His’ bundle

E. *Atrioventricular node

Card-vasc-2008

7. Speed of excitation conduction was studied in different areas of the isolated heart. In what areas was the lowest speed registered?

A. In Purkinje’s fibres

B. In the ventricular myocardium

C. In the atrial myocardium

D. In the atrioventricular node

E. In the His’ bundle

Cardio-vasc-2009

8. In a healthy adult speed of the excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node is 0,02-0,05m/s. Atrioventricular delay enables:

A. *Sequence of atrial and ventricular contractions

B. Sufficient force of ventricular contractions

C. Simultaniety of both atria contractions

D. Sufficient force of atrial contractions

E. Simultaniety of both ventricles contractions

Cardio-vascular-2008

9. Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:

A. Sinoatrial node

B. His bundle

C. Atria

D. Ventricles

E. *Atrioventricular node

ECG

Cardio-vascular-2007

10.A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?

A.*Ventricular

B.Atrial

C.Sinus

D.Atrioventricular

Cardio-vascular-2008

11. ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following elements:

A. QRS complex

A. P-Q segment

B. *R-R interval

C. P-Q interval

D. P-T interval

Card-vasc-2009

12. ECG study showed that the T-waves were positive in the standard extremity leads, their amplitude and duration were normal. The right conclusion would be that the following process runs normally in the hearts ventricles:

A. Relaxation

B. Excitement

C. Contraction

D. Depolarization

E. *Repolarization

Cardiac-2010

13. A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?

A. Prolongation of Q-T interval

B. S-T segment displacement

C. *Prolongation of P-Q interval

Negative T wave

D. Prolongation of Q-S interval

Cardiac-2010, 2012

14. EEG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:

A. Depolarization and repolarization

Contraction

B. Depolarization

C. Relaxation

*Repolarization

Cardiac Cycle

Cardiac-2010, 2011

15. During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?

A. *Left ventricle

Left atrium

B. –

C. Right ventricle

D. Right atrium

Cardiac- 2011

3. Heart rate of a 30-year-old man under emotional stress reached 112 bpm. The reason for the heart rate increase is the altered condition of the following conducting system of the heart:

A. His bundle branches

B. Purkinje’s fibers

C. His’ bundle

D. *Sinoatrial node

E. Atrioventricular node

Card-vasc-2008

16. A man’s heart rate was measured according to his pulse. It equaled 120 bpm. What is the duration of cardiac cycle?

A. 0,8

B. 1,0

C. 0,9

D. *0,5

E. 0,7

Neural control

Cardio-vascular-2008

18. In course of an experiment a peripheral section of n.vagus of an experimental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?

A. Increase of respiration rate

B. Bronchi dilation

C. *Heart rate fall

D. Pupil dilation

E. Heart hurry

Cardio-vascular-2007

19.A peripheral segment of vagus nerve on a dog’s neck was being stimulated in course of an experiment. The following changes of cardiac activity could be meanwhile observed:

A.Enhancement of atrioventricular conduction

B.Heart hurry

C.Heart rate and heart force amplification

D.* Heart rate fall

E.Increased excitability of myocardium

Cardiac-2011

20. During fighting a man had a cardiac arrest as a result of a hard blow to the upper region of anterior abdominal wall. Which of the described mechanisms might have provoked the cardiac arrest?

A. Peripheric reflexes

B. Sympathetic conditioned reflexes

C. Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes

D. Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes

E. *Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes

Humoral Control

Cardio-vascular-2007

21.A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?

A.*Hyperkaliemia

B.Hypokaliemia

anism dehydratation

D.Hyponatremia

E.Hypernatremia

Regulation

Cardio-vasc-2009,2011

22.The minute blood volume in a patient with transplanted heart has increased as a result of physical activity. What regulative mechanism is responsible for these changes?

A. Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes

B. Sympathetic conditioned reflexes

C. *Catecholamines

D. Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes

E. Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes

Cardiac-2010

23. Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):

A. Calcium ion yield

B. Calcium and potassium ion yield

C. Calcium ion entry

Potassium ion entry

D. *Potassium ion yield

Vascular System

C-vascular2007

24. Examination of a man established that cardiac output equaled 3500 ml, systolic output – 50 ml. What is the man’s heart rate per minute?

A. 60

B. *70

C. 90

D. 50

E. 80

C-vascular-2007

25.Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?

A. Activation of kallikrein kinin system

B. *Activation of renin angiotensine system

C. Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system

D. Activation of sympathoadrenal system

E. Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone

C-vascular-2008, 2012

26. Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?

A. 2,0 l

B. 2,5 l

C. 1,5 l

D. *5,0 l

E. 3,75 l

C-vascular - 2012

27. A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?

7 l/min

A. 5 l/min

*10 l/min

B. 4 l/min

C. 6 l/min

C-vascular-2008, 2011

28. An aged man had rise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:

A. Functions of thyroid gland

B. Function of adrenal cortex

C. Hypophysis function

D. Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus

E. *Sympathoadrenal system

C-vascular-2008

29. Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that lead to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:

A. *Bowels

B. Adrenals

C. Heart

D. Kidneys

E. Brain

C-vascular-2008

30. Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that lead to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be minimal in the following organ:

A. Skin

B. Skeletal muscles

C. Bowels

D. *Heart

E. Liver

Vascular-2010, 2012

31. Atria of experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:

A. Renin

Vasopressin

B. Angiotensin

C. Aldosterone

D. *Natriuretic hormone

Vascular-2010

32. Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:

A. Constriction of resistance vessels

B. *Dilatation of resistance vessels

C. Increase of heart rate

D. Decrease of heart rate

E. Decrease of heart rate and force

C-vascular-2007

33. Short-term physical activity resulated in reflex amplification of heart rate and raise of systemic arterial pressure. What receptors activation was the main cause of pressor reflex realization?

A.*Proprioreceptors of active muscles

B.Vascular chemoreceptors ?

C.Vascularbaroceptors

D.Hypothalamus thermoreceptors

E.Vascular volume receptors

C-vasc-2009, 2011

34. In response to change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system develops reflectory pressor reaction. Which of the following is its compulsory component?

A. Decrease in circulating blood volume

B.* Systemic constriction of the venous vessels

C. Weakening of the pumping ability of heart

D. Increase of the heart rate

E. Systemic dilation of the arterial resistive vessels

C-vascular 2012

35. A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systemic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?

A. Serotonin

B. *Angiotensin-II

C. Adrenaline

D. Vasopressin

E. Noradrenalin

36. A 63 year old patient with collapse presentations was delivered to the emergency hospital. A physitian has chosen noradrenalin against hypotension. What is the mechanism of action?

A. Activation of serotonin receptors

B. Activation of dopamine receptors

C. Block of M-cholinoreceptors

D. *Activation of (1 – adrenoreceptors

E. Activation of (-adrenoreceptors

Respiration-2007

1. A man’s intrapleural pressure is being measured. In what phase did the hold his breath, if his pressure is 7,5 cm Hg?

A.Forced inspiration

B.Quiet inspiration

C.Quiet expiration

D.*Forced expiration

E. Respiration

2. A patient has a transverse disruption of spinal cord below the IV thoracic segment. What changes of respiration will it cause

A.*Respiration will stay unchanged

B. Respiration will stop

C. Respiration will become more frequent

D. Respiration will become deeper

E. Respiration will become less frequent

3.A man took a quited expiration. Name an air volume that is meanwhile contained in his lungs:

A.Residual volume

B.Vital lung capacity

C.*Functional residual capacity

D.Expiratory reserve volume

E.Respiratory volume

Respiration-2008

4. Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?

A. No changes will be observed

B. It will become shallow and infrequent

C. It will become shallow and frequent

D. It will become deep and frequent

E. *It will become deep and infrequent

5. A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?

A. Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal will disappear

B. It will come to standstill

C. It will become infrequent and deep

D. No changes will be observed

E. Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic will disappear

6. A patient with a craniocerebral trauma has respiratory standstill. What part of cerebrum is most likely to be damaged?

A . *Medulla oblongata

B. Telencephalon

C. Mesencephalon

D. Thalamencephalon

E. Cerebellum

7. A doctor recorded in the medical history that a patient had hypopnoe (decreased respiration depth). It means that the following characteristic of the external respiration is reduced:

A. Vital lung capacity

B. *Respiratory volume

C. Respiratory minute volume

D. Expiration capacity

E. Functional residual capacity

Respiration-2009

8. Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indexes of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?

A. *Respiratory volume

B. Inspiratory reserve volume

C. Total lung capacity

D. Expiratory reserve volume

E. Vital capacity of lungs

9. Vagus nerves of an experimental animal have been cut on the both sides. What respiratory changes will result from this?

A There will no be respiratory changes

B. *Respiration will become deep and infrequent

C. Respiration will become shallow and infrequent

D. Respiration will become shallow and frequent

E. Respiration will become deep and frequent

10. A patient has transversal laceration in the spinal cord. What respiratory changes will result from this?

A. Respiration will become more frequent

B. Respiration will stop

C. *Respiration will present no significant changes

D. Respiration will become less frequent

E. Respiration will become deeper

Respiration-2010

11. A young woman who entered a production department where is strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:

A. Central chemoreceptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors

B. Pleura receptors

*Irritant

C. Juxtaglomerular

12. Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:

A. *Increased tension of CO2 in blood

B. Decreased tension of O2 in blood

C. Decreased concentration of O2 in blood

Increased tension of O2 in blood

D. Decreased tension of CO2 in blood

Respiration- 2011

13. If a man has an attack of bronchiospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?

A. *M- cholinoreceptors

B. α– adrenoreceptors

C. α– adrenoreceptors

D. N- cholinoreceptors

E. α– and β- adrenoreceptors

14. A doctor asked a patient to breath out fully after taking a normal breath. What muscles contract during such exhalation?

A. *Abdominal muscles

B. Trapezius muscles

C. External intercostal muscles

D. Diaphragm

E. Pectoral muscles

Respiration- 2012

15. A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:

A. Residual volume

Functional residual lung capacity

B. Respiratory capacity

C. *Inspiratory reserve volume

Expiratory reserve volume

Digestion-2008, 2012

1. A student has a dry mouth during exam passing. It is caused by realization of the following reflexes:

A. Parasympathetic conditioned

B. Parasympathetic unconditioned

C. *Sympathetic conditioned

D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic unconditioned

E. Sympathetic conditioned and unconditioned

2. Examination of a 35 y.o. patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?

A. β2– adrenoreceptors

B. *Histamine

C. α2– adrenoreceptors

D. α1–adrenoreceptors

E. β2-adrenoreceptors

3. A patient with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:

A. Accessory cells

B. Chief exocrinocytes

C. Cervical cells

D. *Parietal exocrinocytes

E. Endocrinocytes

Digestive-2009

4. A 60-year-old patient presents with weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Which of the following foodstuffs would stimulate peristalsis most of all?

A. Tea

B. Lard

C. Meat

D. White bread

E. *Brown bread

5. Examination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. What process will be mainly disrupted in the patient’s bowels?

A. Glycerin absorption

B. *Fat emulsification

C. Protein digestion

D. Carbohydrate digestion

E. Amino acid absorption

Digestion-2010, 2012

6. Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:

A. Unconditioned peripheral

B. Unconditioned sympathetic

*Conditioned sympathetic

Unconditioned parasympathetic

C. Conditioned parasympathetic

7. A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins (caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?

Pepsin

A. *Renin

Lipase

B. Secretin

C. Gastrin

8. A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompained by increase of rate of the following enzyme:

A. Pepsin

B. Gastricsin

C. Renin

*Tripsin

Enterokinase

9. A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such conditions?

A. Unbalanced diet

B. Lack of pancreatic phospholipase

C. Lack of pancreatic lipase

D. Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine

*Obturation of billary tract

Digestion-2011

10. A corpological survey revealed light-colored feces containing drops of neutral fat. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:

A. Pancreatic juice secretion

B. Intestinal

C. Gastric juice acidity

D. Intestinal absorption

E. *Bile inflow into the bowel

11. A 30-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis has been found to have a disorder of cavitary protein digestion. The reason for such condition can be the hypothynthesis and hyposecretion of the following enzyme:

A. Lypaze

B. Pepsin

C. Dipeptidase

D. *Tripsin

E. Amylase

Digestion -2012

12. A 60-year old patient was found to have a dysfunction of main digestive enzyme of saliva. This causes the disturbance of primary hydrolysis of:

A. *Carbohydrates

B. Proteins

C. Cellulose

D. Lactose

Fats

13. A 30 year old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:

A. Somatostatin

B. Secretin

C. Gastro-inhibiting peptide

D. *Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin

E. Vaso-nitestinal peptide

14. As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve must have been damaged?

A. Glossopharyngeal

Accessory

B. *Trigeminus

C. Vagus

D. Sublingual

Thermo-2007

1. A lightly dressed man is standing in a room, air temperature is +14 C, Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he emit heat the most actively?

A.Heat conduction

B.Convection

C.Evaporation

D.*Heat radiation

E.Perspiration

Thermo-2008

2. A human body cools in water much faster than in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?

A. *Heat conduction

B..

C. Sweat evaporation

D. Heat radiation

E. Convection

3. Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimat: air temperature is +37o C, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heart emission under this conditions will be:

A. Radiation

B. Convection

C. All the ways

D. Heat conduction

E. *Evaporation

Termo-2009, 2012

4. The temperature of the ambient environment is 38˚ C and relative air humidity ia 50%. What ways of heat emission provide maintaining a constant temperature of the human body?

A. Convection

B. Radiation

C. *Evaporation

D. Convection and conduction

E. Heat conduction

5. Cooling of the human body in water is much more faster than in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more effective?

A. Sweat evaporation

B. *Heat conduction

C. Heat radiation

D..

E. Convection

Thermoregulation-2010

6. People adapted to high external temperature have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompained by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the respiratory glands:

*Aldosterone

A. Natriuretic

B. Cortisol

C. Thyroxin

D. Vasopressin

Termo- 2011

7. Which way of heat emission by the bodies of greenhouse is the most effective at the temperature of 360C degrees and relative humidity of 70%?

A. –

B. *Liquid evaporation

C. Thermal conduction

D. Convection

E. Heat radiation

Energy-2007

1. Power inputs of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kJ per hour. What can be the cause of it?

A. Rise of outer temperature

B. Mental activity

C. Food intake

D. *Physical exercise

E. Transition from sleep to wakefullness

Energy exchange-2008, 2012

2. Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?

A. Relaxation

B. Simple work

C. Nervous tension

D.*Sleep

E. Rest

Energy-2008, 2011, 2012

3. Estimation of heat expenditures of a man’s organism by means of indirect calorimetry had the following results: the organism consumed 1000 ml of oxygen and emitted 800 ml of carbon dioxide per minute. What is respiratory coefficient of a man under examination?

A. *0,8

B. 1,25

C. 1,0

D. 0,9

E. 0,64

Energy exchange-2009

4. While determining power inputs of a patient’s organism it was established that the respiratory coefficient equaled 1,0. This means that in the cells of the patient the following substances are mainly oxidized:

A. Proteins and carbohydrates

B. Carbohydrates and fats

C. Proteins

D. *Carbohydrates

E. Fats

Energy exchange-2011, 2012

5. A man is being measured power inputs on an empty stomach, in the lying position, under conditions of physical and psychic rest at a comfortable temperature. Power inputs will reach the maximum at:

A. 7-8 a.m.

B. *5-6 p.m.

C. 2-3 p.m.

D. 10-12 a.m.

E. 3-4 a.m.

Kidney-2008

1. A concentrated solution of soduim chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:

A. Vasopressin reduction

B. Vasopressin increase

C. Aldosteron increase

D. *Aldosterone reduction

E. Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor

Kidney-2008

2. A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?

A. Reduced glucose reabsorption

B. Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein

C. Acceleration of glomerular filtration

D.* Reduced tubular reabsorption of water

E. Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na+ ions

Kidney-2009

3. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?

A. Damage of glomerular filter

B. Rise of pressure of tubular fluid

C. Reduction of functioning nephron number

D. *Reduction of renal blood flow

E. Renal artery embolism

4. As a result of road accident a driver has gotten a trauma. Now he is in shock condition and presents with a decrease in daily diuresis down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenic factor of such alteration in the diuresis?

A. Decrease in number of the functioning glomerules

B. Oncotic blood pressure drop

C. Secondary hyperaldosteronism

D. Increase of vascular permeability

E. *Arterial pressure drop

Kidney-2008, 2009, 2011

5. As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:

A. Increase in the systemic arterial pressure

B. Increase in permeability of renal filter

C. Increase of the renal blood flow

D. *Decrease in the oncotic pressure of blood plasma

E. Increase of the filtration quotient

Kidneys-2010

6. A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?

A. Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein

B. Accelaration of glomerular filtration

C. Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions

*Reduced tubular reabsorption of water

D. Reduced glucose reabsorption

Kidneys- 2012

7. A man has a considerable decrease in diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss. The primary cause of such diuresis disorder is the hypersecretion of the following hormone:

A. Cortisol

B. Cortocotropin

C. Parathormone

*Vasopressin

D. Natriuretic

Sensory-2007

1.A patient has a heamorrhage into the posterior central gyrus. What type of sensitivity on the opposite side will be disturbed?

A.Olfactory

B.Auditory

C.Visual

D.Auditory and visual

E. *Skin and proprioceptive

2.A 60 y.o. patient has a reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes ?

A. Tympanic memrane

B.Eustachian tube

C.*Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window

D.Muscles of middle ear

E.Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema

Sensory

3.According to audiometry data a patient has a disturbed perception of medium-frequency sounds. It might have been caused by a damage of:

A.Spiral ganglion

B.Cochlear nuclei

C.*Middle part of helix

D.Quadritubercular structure

E.Lateral geniculate bodies

Sensory

4. A man who went for a ride on a roundabout had amplification of heart rate, sweating and nausea. What receptors stimulation us it primarily connected with?

A.Visual

B.*Vestibular

C.Auditory

D.Tactors

E.Proprioceptors

Sensory

5.Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the above-mentioned photoreceptor function:

A.Cone receptor cells

B.*Rod receptor cells

C.Ganglion neurocytes

D.Bipolar neurons

E.Horizontal neurocytes

Sensory-2008

6. A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?

A. Trochlear

B. Trigeminus

C. Sublingual

D. *Vestibulocochlear

E. Vagus

Sensory-2009

7. A man has normal sensitivity of his finger skin, however he doesn’t sense his wedding ring around his finger. What process induced by wearing of the ring has caused this phenomenon?

A. Abnormality of the epidermis structure

B. Abnormality of the receptor structure

C. *Receptors adaptation

D. Development of the fibrous tissue

E. Impaired circulation

Sensory-2009, 2011, 2012

8. A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:

A. *Vestibular ampullar

B. Auditory

C. Visual

D. Vestibular otholitic

E. Proprioceptors

Sensory-2010

9. Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:

A. Proprioreceptors

B. Photoreceptors of retina

C. Vestibuloreceptors of semilunar ducts

D. Mechanoreceptors of foot skin

*Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccle

10. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localizaed?

A. *Inferior part of precentral gyrus

B. Angular gyrus

Superior parietal lobule

C. Superior part of precentral gyrus

D. Supramarginal gyrus

11. In a course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?

A. Visual

*Olfactory

B. Auditory

C. Exteroceptive

D. Nociceptive

Sensory 2010, 2012

12. A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?

A. Vitamin E

*Vitamin A

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin B6

D. Vitamin B2

Sensory 2010, 2012

13. A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:

Eustachian tube

A. Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema

B. Tympanic membrane

*Main cochlea membrane near the oval window

C. Middle ear muscles

Sensory 2011

14. A man having a hearing loss after a head trauma was delivered to the neurosurgery department. The cause of the hearing loss might be the damage of the following lobe of the cerebral cortex:

A. Frontal

B. Occipital

C. Posterior gyrus

D. Parietal

E. *Temporal

Sensory 2011

15. A 75-year-old-female patient with complains of visual impairment has been delivered to the ophthalmologic department. Objective examination revealed a brain tumor in area of the left optic tract. The patient has a visual field defect in the following area:

A. Left and right halves of the left eye retina

B. Left and right halves of the right eye retina

C. Left and right halves of both eyes retina

D. *Left and right halves of both eyes retina

E. Right half of both eyes retina

16. A patient consulted a doctor about loss of taste sensitivity on the tongue root. The doctor revealed that it is caused by nerve affection. Which nerve is it?

A. *Glossopharyngeal

B. Superlaryngeal nerve

C. Vagus nerve

D. Trigeminal nerve

E. Facial nerve

17. A patient consulted a doctor about a sensation of imbalance which appeared after a trauma. Which nerve is damaged?

A. Facial nerve

B. Intermediate nerve

C. *Vestibulocochlear nerve

D. Vagus nerve

E. Trigeminal nerve

Sensory 2012

18. After traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in the patient:

A. Epicritic

B. Visceral

C. Heterotopic

D. Phantom

E. *Protopathic

HNA-2007

1.Examination of a patient revealed a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov. What temperament type does the patient have:

A.Sanguine

B.Choleric

C.Melancholic

D. *Phlegmatic

E.-

HNA-2008

2. A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbors began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?

A. Delayed

B. Extinctive

C. *External

D. Differentiated

E. Protective

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download