Krok-1 2010
Krok-1 (2007-2012) Medical
Excitation-2007
1.The permeability of the irritable cell membrane has been increased for potassium ions during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?
A. *Hyperpolarization
B.Depolarization
C.Action potential
D.Local response
E.No changes
2.In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of relaxation of single muscle contraction?
A.Asynchronous tetanus
B.Muscle contracture
C.A series of single contractions
D. *Partial tetanus
E.Holotetanus
2007,2009
3. In course of experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
A. *Holotetanus
B. Muscle contracture
C. Asynchronous tetanus
D. Partial tetanus
E. A series of a single contractions
Excitation-2008,2010
4. An isolated muscle fiber is under experiment. It was ascertained that excitement threshold of a cell was significantly lowered. What might have caused this phenomenon?
A. Inactivation of membrane sodium channels
B. Activation of membrane potassium channels
C. Inactivation of membrane potassium channels
D. Blockade of energy production in the cell
E. *Activation of membrane sodium channels
Excitation-2009
5. Stimulation of an excitable cell by the electric current has led to the depolarization of its membrane. The depolarization has been caused mainly by the following ions penetrating into the cell through its membrane:
A. K+
B. Cl-
C. Ca2+
D. *Na+
E. HCO-3
Excitation-2009, 2011
6. Which muscle contraction will be observed in the upper extremity during holding (not moving) a load in a certain position?
A. Concentric
B. *Isometric
C. Excentric
D. Isotonic
E. Auxotonic
Excitation -2011
9. As a result of activation of the ion channels of the external membrane the rest potential of the excitable cell has greatly increased. What channels were activated?
A. Fast calcium channels
B. *Potassium channels
C. Slow calcium channels
D. Sodium and calcium channels
E. Sodium channels
Excitation- 2012
10. Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following “all-or none” low and being able of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
A. Receptor potential
B. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
C. Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Rest potential
D. *Action potential
CNS-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012
1. As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?
A.Black substance
B.Vestibular nuclei
C.Red nuclei
D. *Quadritubercular bodies
E.Medial nuclei of reticular formation
2. As a result of spinal-cord trauma a 33 y.o. man has a disturbed pain and temperature sensitivity that is caused by damage of the following tract:
A.Anterior spinocerebellar
B.Posterior spinocerebellar
C.Lateral spinocortical
D.Medial spinocortical
E.*Spinathalamic
CNS-2008
3. As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
A. Red nuclei
B. Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
C. Vestibular nuclei
D. *Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
E. Black substance
4. In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:
A. Left flexors
B. Right flexors
C. Right and left extensors
D. *Right extensors
E. Left extensors
5. Deglutition of a patient is disturbed as a result of a trauma. The most probable cause of this disturbance is affection of the following part of CNS.
A. *Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord. CV-VI
B. Hypothalamus
C. Mesencephalon
D. Spinal cord. Th II-IV
CNS-2009, 2011
6. During an experiment the myotatic reflex has been studied in frogs. After extension in a skeletal muscle its reflectory contraction was absent. The reason for it might be a dysfunction of the following receptors:
A. Articular
B. Golgi tendon organs
C. *Muscle spindles
D. Nociceptors
E. Tactile
CNS-2009
7. During an experiment the dorsal roots of the spinal cord of the animal have been cut. What changes will be observed in the innervation zone?
A. Decrease in muscle tone
B. Sensitivity loss and loss of motor functions
C. Increase in muscle tone
D. *Sensitivity loss
E. Loss of motor functions
CNS-2009, 2011
8. An animal has an increased tonus of extensor muscles. This is the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending pathways:
A. Medial corticospinal
B. *Vestibulospinal
C. Reticulospinal
D. Rubrospinal
E. Lateral corticospinal
9. A man presents with increased heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. This condition results from the activation of the following system of function regulation:
A. *Sympathetic
B. Metasympathetic
C. Vago-insular
D. Parasympathetic
E. Hypothalamo-pitutary-adrenal
CNS-2010
10. A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
*Cerebellum
A. Red nucleus
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Motor cortex
D. Putamen
11. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
A. *Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Tectospinal tract
B. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
C. Rubrospinal tract
D. Reticulospinal tract
12. Brain tomography revealed a tumor in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain is damaged?
*Midbrain
A. Interbrain
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Pons cerebelli
CNS 2010,2012
13. One of the sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horisontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
A. *Cortex of cerebrum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Spinal cord
E. Cerebellum
CNS-2011
24. A patient underwent an extraction of a part of a CNS structures by medical indications. As a result of the extraction the patient developed atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxy and adiadocholinesis. Which part of CNS structure had been extracted?
A. Hippocamp
B. *Cerebellum
C. Basal ganglions
D. Limbic system
E. Amygdaloid corpus
CNS-2012
25. As a result of trauma a patient has damaged anterior roots of spinal cord. What structures have been affected?
*Axons of motoneurons and axons of neurons of lateral horns
A. Axons of neurons of lateral horns
Dendrites of neurons of spinal ganglions
B. Central processes of sensitive neurons of spinal ganglions
C. Peripheral processes of sensitive spinal ganglions
26. A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contraction remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
A. Afferent nerves
Conduction tracts
B. *Central synapses
C. Efferent nerves
D. Neuromuscular synapses
27. A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
A. Limbic system
*Cerebellum
B. Brainstem
C. Basal ganglions
D. Medulla oblongata
28. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
A. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
B. *Anterior spinocerebellar tract
C. Reticulospinal tract
D. Rubrospinal tract
E. Tectospinal tract
29. Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause these symptoms?
A. Pons cerebelli
B. Medulla
C. *Hypothalamus
D. Mesencephalic tegmentum
E. Cerebral peduncles (cruses cerebri)
Endocrine-2007
1. Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is meant?
A.Cortisol
B.Glucagon
C.Insulin
D.Somatotropin
E.*Thyroxin
2. A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of :
A.Thymus
B.*Parathyroid glands
C.Hypophysis
D.Adrenal cortex
E.Pineal gland
Endocrine-2007, 2008
3.Examination of a patient revealed hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?
A.Natriuretic
B.*Aldosteron
C.Cortisol
D.Parathormone
E.Vasopressin
Endocrine2007
4. Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard, and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
A. Of oestrogen
B. Of progesteron
C. Of somatotropin
D. Of cortisole
E. *Of testosterone
Endocrine-2008, 2009
5. A girl is diagnosed with androgenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
A.Cortisol
B. Adrenalin
C. Aldosterone
D. Estrogen
E. *Androgen
Endocrine 2008
6. A man has an accelerated heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. It is caused by activation of the following function system:
A. Vagoinsular
B. Metasympathetic
*Sympathetic
D. Hypothalamo-pitutary- adrenal
7. Amount of urine is 10 l a day. Glucose concentration in blood is normal, urine contains no glucose. Such concentration may be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
A. Triiodthyronine
B. *Vasopressine
C. Oxytocine
D. Cortisole
E. Insulin
(2012)
A 20 year old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urine. The patient has been diagnosed diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?
A. Thyroxin
B. Cortisol
C. Oxytocin
D. *Vasopressin
E. Insulin
8. A 35 y.o. patient diagnosted with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secret. Such changes of the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormone:
A. ACTH
B. Testosterone
C. *Estrogen
D. Somatotropin
E. Progesterone
9. After a surgical procedure an experimental animal died from intense convultions. What endocrine glands were extracted?
A. *Parathyroid
B. Thyroid
C. Ovaries
D. Adrenals
E. Testicles
Endocrine-2009, 2011
10. A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
A. Glomerular and reticular
B. Glomerular
C..
D. Reticular
A. *Fascicular
2009, 2011
11. A 32-year patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder must be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
A. Vasopressin
B. Glucagon
C. Thyrocalcitonin
D. *Prolactin
E. Somatotropin
2009
12. Examination of a patient revealed overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissues, tongue enlargement, wide interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch. What changes of the hormonal secretion are the most likely?
A. Hyposecretion of insulin
B. Hyposecretion of thyroxine
C. Hyposecretion of the somatotropic hormone
D. Hypersecretion of insulin
E. *Hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone
13. To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?
A. Sexual hormones
B. *Glucocorticoids
C. Catecholamines
D. Mineralocorticoids
E. Thyroid
14. A middle-aged man went to a foreign country because he had been offered a job there. However he had been unemployed for quite a long time. What endocrine glands were exhausted most of all in this man?
A. Substernal gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Seminal glands
D. Parathyroid glands
E. *Adrenal glands
Endocrine-2010
15. People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompained by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
A. *Aldosterone
Natriuretic
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine
D. Vasopressin
16. A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/110 mm Hg, height – 164 cm, weight – 103 kg; the fat is most accumulated on the neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenic mechanism of obesity?
Increased mineralocorticoid production
A. *Increased production of glucocorticoids
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
B. Increased insulin production
C. Reduced glucagon production
Endocrine-2010,2011
17. A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
A. Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
B. Aldosterone increase
*Aldosterone reduction
C. Vasopressin increase
D. Vasopressin reduction
Endocrine-2011
18. The secretion of which hypophysial hormones will be inhibited after taking the oral contraceptives containing sex hormones?
A. Somatotropic hoemone
B. *Gonadotropic hormones
C. Thyrotropic hormone
D. Vasopressin
E. Oxytocin
19. A female patient presents with endocrine dysfunction of follicular cells of the ovarian follicles resulting from inflammation. The synthesis of the following hormone will be inhibited:
A. Lutropin
B. Follistatine
C.* Estrogen
D. Progesterone
E. Follicle stimulating hormone
20. A patient complains of hydruria (7 liters per day) and polydipsia. Examination reveals no disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. These abnormalities might be caused by the dysfunction of the following endocrine gland:
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Islets of Langergans (pancreatic islets)
C. *Neurohypophysis
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Adenohypophysis
Endocrine – 2012
21. Before the cells can utilize the glucose, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside them. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:
A. Glucagon
B. Thyroxine
C. Adrenaline
D. Aldosterone
E. *Insulin
Endocrine-2012
22. Examination of 43 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like face, red-blue striae of skin distention on the belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Cushing’s disease
B. Conn’s disease
C. *Cushing’s syndrome
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Essential hypertension
23. A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
A. Thyrocalcitonine
B. *Parathormone
C. Thyroxin
D. Triiodthyronine
E. Somatotropic hormone
24. A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convultions. He has a life-time history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium – 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor – 1,9 millimole/l. These changes are associated with:
A. Hypoaldosteronism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hyperparathyroidism
D. *Hypoparathyroidism
E. Hyperaidosteronism
25. Paradontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?
A. Adrenalin
B. Thyroxine
C. Aldosterone
D. *Calcitonin
E. Parathormone
26. A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?
A. Insulin
B. Noradrenaline
C. Somatotropin
D. *Glucose
E. Lidase
Endocrine-blood 2007
27. Osmotic pressure of a man’s blood plasma is 350 mosmol/l (standard pressure is 300 mosmole/l). First of all it will result in high secretion of the following hormone:
A. Aldosteron
B. Cortisol
C. Adrenocorticotropin
D. *Vasopressin
E. Natriuretic
Blood-2007
1. Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumines and globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?
A.Decrease of ESR
B.Hypercoagulation
C*.Increase of ESR
D.Increase of hematocrit
E.Decrease of hematocrit
2. A woman with III (B), Rh- blood group born a child with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child’s father likely to have?
A. *II(A), Rh+
B. III(B), Rh+
C. I(O), Rh+
D. I(O), Rh-
E. II(A), Rh-
Blood-2008
3. A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0αβ (I), Bα (III) groups. didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aβ (II) group. The blood group under examination is:
A. Bα (III)
B. AB (IV)
C. .
D. 0 αβ (I)
E. *Aβ (II)
Blood-2008, 2009
4. A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:
A. *Blood coagulation
B. Osmotic blood pressure
C. Erythropoietin secretion
D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
E. Anticoagulant generation
Blood-2008, 2011
5. A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
A. *Filtration will be increased, reabsorption will be decreased
B. Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
C. Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption will be increased
D. Exchange will stay unchanged
E. Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Blood-2009
6. A 38-year-old patient with an uterine hemorrhage lasting for 2 days was delivered to the admission ward. Which of the following will be revealed in the patient’s blood?
A. Leukocytosis
B. Increase of the colour infex
C. *Decrease of the hematocrite index
D. Deceleration in ESR
E. Eosinophilia
7. It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused by the standard sera from the I and II groups. Serum from the III group as well as anti-Rh serum hadn’t provoke any agglutination. Which blood group and rhesus is allowed to be transfused this recipient?
A. *B,α (III) Rh-
B. O, α,β (I)Rh+
C. A, β (II)Rh-
D. AB (IV), Rh+
E. AB (IV), Rh-
8. After a surgery a 36-year-old woman was given an intravenous injection of concentrated albumin solution. This has induced intensified water movement in the following direction:
A. From the intracellular fluid to the cells
B. *From the intracellular fluid to the capillaries
C. No changes of water movement will be observed
D. From the cells to the intracellular fluid
E. From the capillaries to the intracellular fluid
9. A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/l (norm is 300 mOsmol/l). This will cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:
A. Cortisol
B. Adrenocorticotropin
C. *Vasopressin
D. Natriuretic
E. Aldosterone
Blood-2010
10. A man weights 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
A. *Water loss with sweat
B. Increased diuresis
Increased number of erythrocytes
C. Increased circulating blood volume
D. Increased protein concentration in plasma
11. Two hours after exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
A. *Redistribution of leukocytes in organism
B. Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
C. Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
D. Leukopoiesis intensification
Blood-2010, 2011
12. Blood group of 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0αβ (I), Aβ (II), Bα (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
A. Aβ (II)
B. *0αβ (I)
C. AB (IV)
D. Bα (III)
E. -
Blood-2010
13. A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption – increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
A. Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Exchange will stay unchanged
*Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
14. A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 months after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
A. *T-killers
B. B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
C. Interleukin-1
D. Natural killers
15. Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasma. What ESR can this woman have?
A. 0-5 mm/h
B. 5-10 mm/h
C. 2-12 mm/h
D. *40-50 mm/h
10-15 mm/h
16. A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Iron
A. Potassium
Magnesium
B. Sodium
*Calcium
Blood-2011
17. Blood count of an athlete is as follows: erythrocytes – 5,5 ∙ 1012/l, Hb – 180 g/l,
leukocytes – 7 ∙ 109/l, neutrophils – 64%, basophils – 0,5%, eosinophils – 0,5%, monocytes – 8%, lymphocytes – 27%. First of all, such results indicate the stimulation of:
A. Granulocytopoiesis
B. Immunogenesis
C. Leukopoesis
D. *Erythropoesis
E. Lymphopoiesis
Blood-2012
18. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:
A. *Platelets
B. Monocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Eosinophils
E. Neurtophils
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM
Automatism
Cardio-vascular-2007
1.Heart rate of a man permanently equals 40 beats pro minute. What is the pacemaker?
A.His’ bundle
B.Purkinje’s fibers
C.His’ bundle branches
D.Sinoatrial node
E.*Atriventricular node
Cardio-vascular-2007, 2008, 2010, 2012
2.An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro minute. What heart structure was this cell obtained from?
A.Ventricle
B.Atrium
C.*Sinoatrial node
D.Atrioventricular node
E.His’ bundle
Cardio-vascular-2008
4. A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. There after the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:
A. Purkinje’s fibers
B. Atrioventricular node
C. His’ bundle branches
D. His’ bundle fibers
E. *Sinoatrial node
Cardio-vascular-2007
5. Examination of an isolated cardiomyocyte revealeted that it didn’t generate excitation impulses automatically. This cardiomyocyte was obtained from:
A.*Ventricles
B.Purkinje’s fibres
C.Atrioventricular node
D.His’ bundle
E.Sinoatrial node
Cardio-vasc-2009
6. During an experiment vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated. This has stopped conduction of excitement from the atria to the ventricles. The reason for it are electrophysical changes in the following structures:
A. Atria
B. Sinoatrial node
C. Ventricals
D. His’ bundle
E. *Atrioventricular node
Card-vasc-2008
7. Speed of excitation conduction was studied in different areas of the isolated heart. In what areas was the lowest speed registered?
A. In Purkinje’s fibres
B. In the ventricular myocardium
C. In the atrial myocardium
D. In the atrioventricular node
E. In the His’ bundle
Cardio-vasc-2009
8. In a healthy adult speed of the excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node is 0,02-0,05m/s. Atrioventricular delay enables:
A. *Sequence of atrial and ventricular contractions
B. Sufficient force of ventricular contractions
C. Simultaniety of both atria contractions
D. Sufficient force of atrial contractions
E. Simultaniety of both ventricles contractions
Cardio-vascular-2008
9. Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:
A. Sinoatrial node
B. His bundle
C. Atria
D. Ventricles
E. *Atrioventricular node
ECG
Cardio-vascular-2007
10.A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?
A.*Ventricular
B.Atrial
C.Sinus
D.Atrioventricular
Cardio-vascular-2008
11. ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following elements:
A. QRS complex
A. P-Q segment
B. *R-R interval
C. P-Q interval
D. P-T interval
Card-vasc-2009
12. ECG study showed that the T-waves were positive in the standard extremity leads, their amplitude and duration were normal. The right conclusion would be that the following process runs normally in the hearts ventricles:
A. Relaxation
B. Excitement
C. Contraction
D. Depolarization
E. *Repolarization
Cardiac-2010
13. A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
A. Prolongation of Q-T interval
B. S-T segment displacement
C. *Prolongation of P-Q interval
Negative T wave
D. Prolongation of Q-S interval
Cardiac-2010, 2012
14. EEG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
A. Depolarization and repolarization
Contraction
B. Depolarization
C. Relaxation
*Repolarization
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac-2010, 2011
15. During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
A. *Left ventricle
Left atrium
B. –
C. Right ventricle
D. Right atrium
Cardiac- 2011
3. Heart rate of a 30-year-old man under emotional stress reached 112 bpm. The reason for the heart rate increase is the altered condition of the following conducting system of the heart:
A. His bundle branches
B. Purkinje’s fibers
C. His’ bundle
D. *Sinoatrial node
E. Atrioventricular node
Card-vasc-2008
16. A man’s heart rate was measured according to his pulse. It equaled 120 bpm. What is the duration of cardiac cycle?
A. 0,8
B. 1,0
C. 0,9
D. *0,5
E. 0,7
Neural control
Cardio-vascular-2008
18. In course of an experiment a peripheral section of n.vagus of an experimental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?
A. Increase of respiration rate
B. Bronchi dilation
C. *Heart rate fall
D. Pupil dilation
E. Heart hurry
Cardio-vascular-2007
19.A peripheral segment of vagus nerve on a dog’s neck was being stimulated in course of an experiment. The following changes of cardiac activity could be meanwhile observed:
A.Enhancement of atrioventricular conduction
B.Heart hurry
C.Heart rate and heart force amplification
D.* Heart rate fall
E.Increased excitability of myocardium
Cardiac-2011
20. During fighting a man had a cardiac arrest as a result of a hard blow to the upper region of anterior abdominal wall. Which of the described mechanisms might have provoked the cardiac arrest?
A. Peripheric reflexes
B. Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
C. Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
D. Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
E. *Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Humoral Control
Cardio-vascular-2007
21.A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?
A.*Hyperkaliemia
B.Hypokaliemia
anism dehydratation
D.Hyponatremia
E.Hypernatremia
Regulation
Cardio-vasc-2009,2011
22.The minute blood volume in a patient with transplanted heart has increased as a result of physical activity. What regulative mechanism is responsible for these changes?
A. Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
B. Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
C. *Catecholamines
D. Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
E. Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Cardiac-2010
23. Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
A. Calcium ion yield
B. Calcium and potassium ion yield
C. Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion entry
D. *Potassium ion yield
Vascular System
C-vascular2007
24. Examination of a man established that cardiac output equaled 3500 ml, systolic output – 50 ml. What is the man’s heart rate per minute?
A. 60
B. *70
C. 90
D. 50
E. 80
C-vascular-2007
25.Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?
A. Activation of kallikrein kinin system
B. *Activation of renin angiotensine system
C. Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system
D. Activation of sympathoadrenal system
E. Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone
C-vascular-2008, 2012
26. Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
A. 2,0 l
B. 2,5 l
C. 1,5 l
D. *5,0 l
E. 3,75 l
C-vascular - 2012
27. A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?
7 l/min
A. 5 l/min
*10 l/min
B. 4 l/min
C. 6 l/min
C-vascular-2008, 2011
28. An aged man had rise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
A. Functions of thyroid gland
B. Function of adrenal cortex
C. Hypophysis function
D. Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
E. *Sympathoadrenal system
C-vascular-2008
29. Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that lead to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:
A. *Bowels
B. Adrenals
C. Heart
D. Kidneys
E. Brain
C-vascular-2008
30. Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that lead to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be minimal in the following organ:
A. Skin
B. Skeletal muscles
C. Bowels
D. *Heart
E. Liver
Vascular-2010, 2012
31. Atria of experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
A. Renin
Vasopressin
B. Angiotensin
C. Aldosterone
D. *Natriuretic hormone
Vascular-2010
32. Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
A. Constriction of resistance vessels
B. *Dilatation of resistance vessels
C. Increase of heart rate
D. Decrease of heart rate
E. Decrease of heart rate and force
C-vascular-2007
33. Short-term physical activity resulated in reflex amplification of heart rate and raise of systemic arterial pressure. What receptors activation was the main cause of pressor reflex realization?
A.*Proprioreceptors of active muscles
B.Vascular chemoreceptors ?
C.Vascularbaroceptors
D.Hypothalamus thermoreceptors
E.Vascular volume receptors
C-vasc-2009, 2011
34. In response to change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system develops reflectory pressor reaction. Which of the following is its compulsory component?
A. Decrease in circulating blood volume
B.* Systemic constriction of the venous vessels
C. Weakening of the pumping ability of heart
D. Increase of the heart rate
E. Systemic dilation of the arterial resistive vessels
C-vascular 2012
35. A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systemic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
A. Serotonin
B. *Angiotensin-II
C. Adrenaline
D. Vasopressin
E. Noradrenalin
36. A 63 year old patient with collapse presentations was delivered to the emergency hospital. A physitian has chosen noradrenalin against hypotension. What is the mechanism of action?
A. Activation of serotonin receptors
B. Activation of dopamine receptors
C. Block of M-cholinoreceptors
D. *Activation of (1 – adrenoreceptors
E. Activation of (-adrenoreceptors
Respiration-2007
1. A man’s intrapleural pressure is being measured. In what phase did the hold his breath, if his pressure is 7,5 cm Hg?
A.Forced inspiration
B.Quiet inspiration
C.Quiet expiration
D.*Forced expiration
E. Respiration
2. A patient has a transverse disruption of spinal cord below the IV thoracic segment. What changes of respiration will it cause
A.*Respiration will stay unchanged
B. Respiration will stop
C. Respiration will become more frequent
D. Respiration will become deeper
E. Respiration will become less frequent
3.A man took a quited expiration. Name an air volume that is meanwhile contained in his lungs:
A.Residual volume
B.Vital lung capacity
C.*Functional residual capacity
D.Expiratory reserve volume
E.Respiratory volume
Respiration-2008
4. Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?
A. No changes will be observed
B. It will become shallow and infrequent
C. It will become shallow and frequent
D. It will become deep and frequent
E. *It will become deep and infrequent
5. A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?
A. Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal will disappear
B. It will come to standstill
C. It will become infrequent and deep
D. No changes will be observed
E. Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic will disappear
6. A patient with a craniocerebral trauma has respiratory standstill. What part of cerebrum is most likely to be damaged?
A . *Medulla oblongata
B. Telencephalon
C. Mesencephalon
D. Thalamencephalon
E. Cerebellum
7. A doctor recorded in the medical history that a patient had hypopnoe (decreased respiration depth). It means that the following characteristic of the external respiration is reduced:
A. Vital lung capacity
B. *Respiratory volume
C. Respiratory minute volume
D. Expiration capacity
E. Functional residual capacity
Respiration-2009
8. Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indexes of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
A. *Respiratory volume
B. Inspiratory reserve volume
C. Total lung capacity
D. Expiratory reserve volume
E. Vital capacity of lungs
9. Vagus nerves of an experimental animal have been cut on the both sides. What respiratory changes will result from this?
A There will no be respiratory changes
B. *Respiration will become deep and infrequent
C. Respiration will become shallow and infrequent
D. Respiration will become shallow and frequent
E. Respiration will become deep and frequent
10. A patient has transversal laceration in the spinal cord. What respiratory changes will result from this?
A. Respiration will become more frequent
B. Respiration will stop
C. *Respiration will present no significant changes
D. Respiration will become less frequent
E. Respiration will become deeper
Respiration-2010
11. A young woman who entered a production department where is strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
A. Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
B. Pleura receptors
*Irritant
C. Juxtaglomerular
12. Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
A. *Increased tension of CO2 in blood
B. Decreased tension of O2 in blood
C. Decreased concentration of O2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
D. Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
Respiration- 2011
13. If a man has an attack of bronchiospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
A. *M- cholinoreceptors
B. α– adrenoreceptors
C. α– adrenoreceptors
D. N- cholinoreceptors
E. α– and β- adrenoreceptors
14. A doctor asked a patient to breath out fully after taking a normal breath. What muscles contract during such exhalation?
A. *Abdominal muscles
B. Trapezius muscles
C. External intercostal muscles
D. Diaphragm
E. Pectoral muscles
Respiration- 2012
15. A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:
A. Residual volume
Functional residual lung capacity
B. Respiratory capacity
C. *Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Digestion-2008, 2012
1. A student has a dry mouth during exam passing. It is caused by realization of the following reflexes:
A. Parasympathetic conditioned
B. Parasympathetic unconditioned
C. *Sympathetic conditioned
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic unconditioned
E. Sympathetic conditioned and unconditioned
2. Examination of a 35 y.o. patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?
A. β2– adrenoreceptors
B. *Histamine
C. α2– adrenoreceptors
D. α1–adrenoreceptors
E. β2-adrenoreceptors
3. A patient with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
A. Accessory cells
B. Chief exocrinocytes
C. Cervical cells
D. *Parietal exocrinocytes
E. Endocrinocytes
Digestive-2009
4. A 60-year-old patient presents with weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Which of the following foodstuffs would stimulate peristalsis most of all?
A. Tea
B. Lard
C. Meat
D. White bread
E. *Brown bread
5. Examination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. What process will be mainly disrupted in the patient’s bowels?
A. Glycerin absorption
B. *Fat emulsification
C. Protein digestion
D. Carbohydrate digestion
E. Amino acid absorption
Digestion-2010, 2012
6. Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
A. Unconditioned peripheral
B. Unconditioned sympathetic
*Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
C. Conditioned parasympathetic
7. A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins (caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Pepsin
A. *Renin
Lipase
B. Secretin
C. Gastrin
8. A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompained by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
A. Pepsin
B. Gastricsin
C. Renin
*Tripsin
Enterokinase
9. A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such conditions?
A. Unbalanced diet
B. Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
C. Lack of pancreatic lipase
D. Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
*Obturation of billary tract
Digestion-2011
10. A corpological survey revealed light-colored feces containing drops of neutral fat. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:
A. Pancreatic juice secretion
B. Intestinal
C. Gastric juice acidity
D. Intestinal absorption
E. *Bile inflow into the bowel
11. A 30-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis has been found to have a disorder of cavitary protein digestion. The reason for such condition can be the hypothynthesis and hyposecretion of the following enzyme:
A. Lypaze
B. Pepsin
C. Dipeptidase
D. *Tripsin
E. Amylase
Digestion -2012
12. A 60-year old patient was found to have a dysfunction of main digestive enzyme of saliva. This causes the disturbance of primary hydrolysis of:
A. *Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Cellulose
D. Lactose
Fats
13. A 30 year old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:
A. Somatostatin
B. Secretin
C. Gastro-inhibiting peptide
D. *Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
E. Vaso-nitestinal peptide
14. As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve must have been damaged?
A. Glossopharyngeal
Accessory
B. *Trigeminus
C. Vagus
D. Sublingual
Thermo-2007
1. A lightly dressed man is standing in a room, air temperature is +14 C, Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he emit heat the most actively?
A.Heat conduction
B.Convection
C.Evaporation
D.*Heat radiation
E.Perspiration
Thermo-2008
2. A human body cools in water much faster than in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?
A. *Heat conduction
B..
C. Sweat evaporation
D. Heat radiation
E. Convection
3. Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimat: air temperature is +37o C, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heart emission under this conditions will be:
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. All the ways
D. Heat conduction
E. *Evaporation
Termo-2009, 2012
4. The temperature of the ambient environment is 38˚ C and relative air humidity ia 50%. What ways of heat emission provide maintaining a constant temperature of the human body?
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. *Evaporation
D. Convection and conduction
E. Heat conduction
5. Cooling of the human body in water is much more faster than in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more effective?
A. Sweat evaporation
B. *Heat conduction
C. Heat radiation
D..
E. Convection
Thermoregulation-2010
6. People adapted to high external temperature have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompained by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the respiratory glands:
*Aldosterone
A. Natriuretic
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxin
D. Vasopressin
Termo- 2011
7. Which way of heat emission by the bodies of greenhouse is the most effective at the temperature of 360C degrees and relative humidity of 70%?
A. –
B. *Liquid evaporation
C. Thermal conduction
D. Convection
E. Heat radiation
Energy-2007
1. Power inputs of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kJ per hour. What can be the cause of it?
A. Rise of outer temperature
B. Mental activity
C. Food intake
D. *Physical exercise
E. Transition from sleep to wakefullness
Energy exchange-2008, 2012
2. Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
A. Relaxation
B. Simple work
C. Nervous tension
D.*Sleep
E. Rest
Energy-2008, 2011, 2012
3. Estimation of heat expenditures of a man’s organism by means of indirect calorimetry had the following results: the organism consumed 1000 ml of oxygen and emitted 800 ml of carbon dioxide per minute. What is respiratory coefficient of a man under examination?
A. *0,8
B. 1,25
C. 1,0
D. 0,9
E. 0,64
Energy exchange-2009
4. While determining power inputs of a patient’s organism it was established that the respiratory coefficient equaled 1,0. This means that in the cells of the patient the following substances are mainly oxidized:
A. Proteins and carbohydrates
B. Carbohydrates and fats
C. Proteins
D. *Carbohydrates
E. Fats
Energy exchange-2011, 2012
5. A man is being measured power inputs on an empty stomach, in the lying position, under conditions of physical and psychic rest at a comfortable temperature. Power inputs will reach the maximum at:
A. 7-8 a.m.
B. *5-6 p.m.
C. 2-3 p.m.
D. 10-12 a.m.
E. 3-4 a.m.
Kidney-2008
1. A concentrated solution of soduim chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
A. Vasopressin reduction
B. Vasopressin increase
C. Aldosteron increase
D. *Aldosterone reduction
E. Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Kidney-2008
2. A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
A. Reduced glucose reabsorption
B. Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
C. Acceleration of glomerular filtration
D.* Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
E. Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na+ ions
Kidney-2009
3. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
A. Damage of glomerular filter
B. Rise of pressure of tubular fluid
C. Reduction of functioning nephron number
D. *Reduction of renal blood flow
E. Renal artery embolism
4. As a result of road accident a driver has gotten a trauma. Now he is in shock condition and presents with a decrease in daily diuresis down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenic factor of such alteration in the diuresis?
A. Decrease in number of the functioning glomerules
B. Oncotic blood pressure drop
C. Secondary hyperaldosteronism
D. Increase of vascular permeability
E. *Arterial pressure drop
Kidney-2008, 2009, 2011
5. As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
A. Increase in the systemic arterial pressure
B. Increase in permeability of renal filter
C. Increase of the renal blood flow
D. *Decrease in the oncotic pressure of blood plasma
E. Increase of the filtration quotient
Kidneys-2010
6. A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
A. Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
B. Accelaration of glomerular filtration
C. Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
*Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
D. Reduced glucose reabsorption
Kidneys- 2012
7. A man has a considerable decrease in diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss. The primary cause of such diuresis disorder is the hypersecretion of the following hormone:
A. Cortisol
B. Cortocotropin
C. Parathormone
*Vasopressin
D. Natriuretic
Sensory-2007
1.A patient has a heamorrhage into the posterior central gyrus. What type of sensitivity on the opposite side will be disturbed?
A.Olfactory
B.Auditory
C.Visual
D.Auditory and visual
E. *Skin and proprioceptive
2.A 60 y.o. patient has a reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes ?
A. Tympanic memrane
B.Eustachian tube
C.*Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
D.Muscles of middle ear
E.Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
Sensory
3.According to audiometry data a patient has a disturbed perception of medium-frequency sounds. It might have been caused by a damage of:
A.Spiral ganglion
B.Cochlear nuclei
C.*Middle part of helix
D.Quadritubercular structure
E.Lateral geniculate bodies
Sensory
4. A man who went for a ride on a roundabout had amplification of heart rate, sweating and nausea. What receptors stimulation us it primarily connected with?
A.Visual
B.*Vestibular
C.Auditory
D.Tactors
E.Proprioceptors
Sensory
5.Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the above-mentioned photoreceptor function:
A.Cone receptor cells
B.*Rod receptor cells
C.Ganglion neurocytes
D.Bipolar neurons
E.Horizontal neurocytes
Sensory-2008
6. A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
A. Trochlear
B. Trigeminus
C. Sublingual
D. *Vestibulocochlear
E. Vagus
Sensory-2009
7. A man has normal sensitivity of his finger skin, however he doesn’t sense his wedding ring around his finger. What process induced by wearing of the ring has caused this phenomenon?
A. Abnormality of the epidermis structure
B. Abnormality of the receptor structure
C. *Receptors adaptation
D. Development of the fibrous tissue
E. Impaired circulation
Sensory-2009, 2011, 2012
8. A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:
A. *Vestibular ampullar
B. Auditory
C. Visual
D. Vestibular otholitic
E. Proprioceptors
Sensory-2010
9. Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
A. Proprioreceptors
B. Photoreceptors of retina
C. Vestibuloreceptors of semilunar ducts
D. Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
*Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccle
10. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localizaed?
A. *Inferior part of precentral gyrus
B. Angular gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
C. Superior part of precentral gyrus
D. Supramarginal gyrus
11. In a course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
A. Visual
*Olfactory
B. Auditory
C. Exteroceptive
D. Nociceptive
Sensory 2010, 2012
12. A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
A. Vitamin E
*Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin B2
Sensory 2010, 2012
13. A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Eustachian tube
A. Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
B. Tympanic membrane
*Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
C. Middle ear muscles
Sensory 2011
14. A man having a hearing loss after a head trauma was delivered to the neurosurgery department. The cause of the hearing loss might be the damage of the following lobe of the cerebral cortex:
A. Frontal
B. Occipital
C. Posterior gyrus
D. Parietal
E. *Temporal
Sensory 2011
15. A 75-year-old-female patient with complains of visual impairment has been delivered to the ophthalmologic department. Objective examination revealed a brain tumor in area of the left optic tract. The patient has a visual field defect in the following area:
A. Left and right halves of the left eye retina
B. Left and right halves of the right eye retina
C. Left and right halves of both eyes retina
D. *Left and right halves of both eyes retina
E. Right half of both eyes retina
16. A patient consulted a doctor about loss of taste sensitivity on the tongue root. The doctor revealed that it is caused by nerve affection. Which nerve is it?
A. *Glossopharyngeal
B. Superlaryngeal nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Trigeminal nerve
E. Facial nerve
17. A patient consulted a doctor about a sensation of imbalance which appeared after a trauma. Which nerve is damaged?
A. Facial nerve
B. Intermediate nerve
C. *Vestibulocochlear nerve
D. Vagus nerve
E. Trigeminal nerve
Sensory 2012
18. After traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in the patient:
A. Epicritic
B. Visceral
C. Heterotopic
D. Phantom
E. *Protopathic
HNA-2007
1.Examination of a patient revealed a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov. What temperament type does the patient have:
A.Sanguine
B.Choleric
C.Melancholic
D. *Phlegmatic
E.-
HNA-2008
2. A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbors began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?
A. Delayed
B. Extinctive
C. *External
D. Differentiated
E. Protective
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