Overview

Overview 2019 Faculty in Higher Education Annual Report

CITATION FOR THIS REPORT

Bichsel, Jacqueline; Li, Jingyun; McChesney, Jasper; & Pritchard, Adam (2019, March). Faculty in Higher Education Annual Report: Key Findings, Trends, and Comprehensive Tables for Tenure-Track, Non-Tenure Teaching, and NonTenure Research Faculty; Academic Department Heads; and Adjunct Faculty for the 2018-19 Academic Year (Research Report). CUPA-HR. Available from .

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ABOUT CUPA-HR

CUPA-HR is higher ed HR. We serve higher education by providing the knowledge, resources, advocacy and connections to achieve organizational and workforce excellence. Headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, and serving more than 31,000 HR professionals and other campus leaders at more than 2,000 institutions, the association offers learning and professional development programs, higher education workforce data, extensive online resources, and just-in-time regulatory and legislative information.

AUTHORS

Jacqueline Bichsel, Ph.D., Director of Research Jingyun Li, M.S., Survey Researcher Jasper McChesney, M.S., Data Visualization Researcher Adam Pritchard, Ph.D., Senior Survey Researcher

CITATION FOR THIS REPORT

Bichsel, Jacqueline; Li, Jingyun; McChesney, Jasper; & Pritchard, Adam (2019, March). Faculty in Higher Education Annual Report: Key Findings, Trends, and Comprehensive Tables for Tenure-Track, Non-Tenure Teaching, and Non-Tenure Research Faculty; Academic Department Heads; and Adjunct Faculty for the 2018-19 Academic Year (Research Report). CUPA-HR. Available from .

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CUPA-HR Data Use Agreement

All survey results are copyrighted by the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR). No data contained in a survey report or obtained through DataOnDemand (DOD) may be reproduced in any form for any purpose without the written consent of CUPA-HR. Report findings and conclusions may be appropriately cited/referenced in other reporting if there is proper acknowledgment of the source and the referenced material does not involve reproduction of data tables or graphics.

DOD can be purchased only by higher education institutions. Due to the sensitive and confidential nature of the data we collect, we reserve the right to confirm an individual's authorization to purchase DOD with his or her HR department, and to confirm with HR that each user listed on the order is authorized to view employee data. Individuals outside of the HR department seeking access will need written approval from the head of HR -- these include faculty, unions, other administrators, etc. CUPA-HR accepts no responsibility for any employee who misrepresents his or her authorization.

Annual survey reports contain comprehensive tables of aggregated data and may be purchased by anyone. However, all points of this agreement apply to the use of this tabular data.

Survey results may not be changed or modified. Results may not be misrepresented as to their source or intent.

Survey results may not be used to solicit or conduct business. The sole exception is the use of consultants who are currently engaged in a project with a higher ed institution that has granted access to that institution's purchase of DOD. Consultants may use the obtained data in their business dealings with the purchasing institution only. Consultants cannot order DOD directly. They should ask the appropriate representative of the institution for which they are working to contact us -- via research@ -- to request consultant access to DOD. The institution representative should furnish: (a) the consultant's name, company, address, e-mail, and phone number; (b) a statement that indicates the consultant has been hired to perform work requiring the use of CUPA-HR data; (c) authorization for the consultant to see the institution's data; and (d) the names of the surveys to which the consultant should be granted access.

Survey results may not be uploaded to a separate system or placed on the web without the explicit permission of CUPA-HR.

Access to survey reports and DOD is limited to the users purchasing the report or subscription. Sharing report information, log-in credentials, output from DOD analyses, or DOD access with other institutions or organizations will result in immediate cancellation of access and will preclude future access. The system tracks and monitors purchases, use, and users.

An institution is defined as an entity which has as its sole purpose the provision of postsecondary education and reports to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) hosted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Results must be purchased for each institution in which CUPA-HR data is used and may only be used for the institution for which the subscription was purchased. Results may not be shared with or used for institutions within a multi-institution system for which a DOD subscription or annual report has not been purchased. System offices, defined as any entity that oversees two or more institutions, may share or use data only with institutions in their system for which the data has been purchased.

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Contents

About CUPA-HR......................................................................................1

CUPA-HR Data Use Agreement.............................................................2

Contents .................................................................................................3

Highlights................................................................................................4

Introduction............................................................................................5

Faculty Composition

Full-Time Faculty Trends in Salary Increases Median Salaries by Tenure Type and Rank Age Education Level

ALL SECTIONS AVAILABLE IN

FULL REPORT

The Representation & Pay of Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities Disciplines With the Highest and Lowest Salaries Hottest Disciplines for New Faculty Hires

Academic Department Heads/Chairs

Adjunct (Pay-Per-Course, Part-Time) Faculty

Methodology..........................................................................................8 Survey..................................................................................................8 Respondents...................................................................................... 10

Acknowledgments................................................................................11

Appendix A: Comprehensive Tables.................................................. A1

Appendix B: Participating Institutions.............................................. B1

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Highlights

The following are highlighted results from the CUPA-HR 2019 Faculty in Higher Education Annual Report:

Associate's institutions have the largest percentage of part-time faculty (69%) compared to baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral institutions. Although doctoral institutions have the largest percentage of full-time faculty (68%), they also have the largest percentage of non-tenure teaching faculty (19%).

For full-time faculty, the overall median salary increase over the past year was 1.67%. Salary increases for tenure-track faculty continued to trail those for non-tenure teaching faculty.

Faculty with a doctorate or equivalent degree make up about four-fifths of all full-time faculty, except at associate's institutions, where only one-quarter of the faculty have a doctorate. Nearly nine in 10 tenure-track faculty members have a doctorate, whereas only five in 10 non-tenure teaching faculty do. Faculty with doctorates earn substantially higher salaries than do faculty with master's degrees.

Representation and pay equity for both women and racial/ethnic minorities differ substantially by faculty discipline.

Representation and pay equity for both women and racial/ethnic minorities decline with increases in rank from assistant to associate to full professor.

Associate's institutions have higher levels of representation and pay equity for both women and racial/ethnic minorities than do doctoral, master's, or baccalaureate institutions.

Health Professions is the hottest discipline for new faculty hires, with 1,410 new assistant professors hired in the past year. It is also the highest-paying discipline for non-tenure teaching faculty.

Although women make up nearly half (47%) of faculty and minorities make up one-fifth (21%), most academic department heads/chairs are male (58%) and White (85%).

Adjunct faculty earn the highest pay at doctoral institutions, at $1,312 per credit hour.

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Introduction

This marks the 38th year of data collection for the CUPA-HR Faculty in Higher Education Survey, which was piloted in 1981-82. Beginning in the 2016-17 academic year, this survey began collecting demographic information on all full-time faculty -- sex, race/ethnicity, age, and years in rank. In addition, the survey collects detailed salary supplement and course relief information for faculty department heads, as well as aggregate salary data for pay-per-course (adjunct) faculty, making it the most comprehensive major survey of higher education faculty.

This year, we've made two important changes to this survey. First, we are now including associate's institutions in what was previously called the CUPA-HR Four-Year Faculty Survey. In prior years, associate's institutions participated in a separate faculty survey called the CUPA-HR Two-Year Faculty Survey. Combining these surveys into one was essential, as many associate's institutions expressed a need to benchmark faculty by discipline (which was not done in the Two-Year Faculty Survey), as well as a desire to benchmark their faculty salaries with those from four-year institutions, particularly those offering both associate's and baccalaureate degrees.1

The second change we've made is to add a variable to this data collection: highest degree attained by the faculty member. We made this addition because it is especially important for associate's institutions to be able to benchmark salaries earned by faculty with differing education levels. In addition, as four-year institutions are hiring increasing numbers of nontenure-track faculty -- many with master's degrees -- it is important they are able to benchmark faculty salaries by type of degree.2

Faculty Surveyed

A total of 258,731 full-time faculty positions were reported for this year's survey. Salary and demographic data for tenure-track (TT), non-tenure teaching (NTT), and non-tenure research (NTR) faculty were collected by rank: professor, associate professor, assistant professor, new assistant professor, and instructor for TT and NTT faculty; and professor, associate professor, assistant professor, new assistant professor, scientist, and postdoctoral scholar for NTR faculty.3 Supplemental salary and course relief data

1 Any higher ed institution can now benchmark faculty data using comparison institutions of any classification with DataOnDemand.

2 Both CUPA-HR and IPEDS data show an increase in the hiring of non-tenure-track faculty as a proportion of total full-time faculty over the past decade.

3 Tenure-track faculty include those who are already tenured as well as pre-tenure faculty.

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were collected on the 9,980 faculty identified as department heads (chairs). In addition, salary data on 57,564 adjunct (pay-per-course) faculty were collected in aggregate form.4

Disciplines Surveyed

Disciplines used in the survey are based on the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP).5 The CIP taxonomy is a hierarchy organized on three levels:

2-digit codes (XX) define the most general groupings of related programs.6

4-digit codes (XX.XX) define intermediate groupings of programs that have comparable content and objectives.

6-digit codes (XX.XXXX) define specific instructional programs.

For example:

42) PSYCHOLOGY. Instructional programs that focus on the scientific study of the behavior of individuals, independently or collectively, and the physical and environmental bases of mental, emotional, and neurological activity.

42.27) Research and Experimental Psychology. Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 42.2701?42.2799.

42.2701) Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics. A program that focuses on the scientific study of the mechanisms and processes of learning and thinking, and associated information encoding, decoding, processing and transmitting systems. Includes instruction in theories of cognition and intelligence; studies of cognitive processes such as memory, sensation, perception, pattern recognition, problem solving, and conceptual thinking; cybernetics; psycholinguistics; and the study of biological and social communications mechanisms and processes.

4 See the Methodology section of this report for more specific information on the sample and the data collected.

5 IPEDS Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) (2010). National Center for Education Statistics.

6 The discipline analyses referenced in this report are based on 2-digit CIP codes.

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Participating Institution Characteristics

The information in Figure 1 summarizes the institutional characteristics of respondents to this year's Faculty in Higher Education Survey. In total, 847 institutions provided incumbent-level data for full-time faculty, and 295 of those institutions provided aggregate data for adjunct faculty.7 Institutions are well represented in this year's data by classification, affiliation, and region.

2019 FACULTY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Faculty Survey Participants

40%

CLASSIFICATION

330

20% 167

0% Doctoral

Master's

147

131

72

Baccalaureate Associate's Special Focus/ Other

AFFILIATION

REGION

Private Religious

221

Private Independent 218

Midwest 286

Northeast 158

408 Public

130 West

Figure 1

272 South

7 See Appendix B for a list of all participating institutions. Special focus/other institutions (including for-profit institutions) were excluded from the analyses for this report (resulting in a sample size of 774 institutions and 250,563 full-time faculty for this report). See the Methodology section for more detail on these exclusions. The regional graphic in Figure 1 does not contain the international institution that participated.

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