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History of Physical Therapy Lecture Guide Origins of Physical Therapy Physical measures were used in ancient civilizations to relieve pain and improve function. was used by the Chinese in 3000 BC, described by Hippocrates in 460 BC, Modified by the Romans, and accepted as scientific procedure in the early 1800’s. was practiced by the Greeks and Romans through the use of baths and river worship.Development of began in the 1600’s with the introduction of electricity and electrical devices. Impact of World War 1 and PolioFirst came the epidemics of in 1894, 1914, and 1916, which left thousands of children paralyzed and in need of physical therapy. Then during World War 1, the Surgeon General sent physicians to England and France to learn about physical therapy techniques for the management of those wounded in war. As a result, the Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction was created in 1917. This division was responsible for training and managing reconstruction aides (exclusively women) who would provide physical reconstruction to those injured in war. Reconstruction AidesThese women were and practice of physical therapy in the US. Post World War 1 Period Focus on crippled children. As a result, moved into civilian facilities to address these needs. was very effective for individuals who had polio. Post World War 1 Period Cont.In 1921 the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association was created. was elected in 1921 as the founding president.She is credited with becoming the Physical Therapist in the US. Post World War 1 Period Cont.Two membership categories were established: Graduates of recognized schools of physiotherapy or physical educationHave training in experience in massage and therapeutic exercise with some knowledge of electrotherapy or hydrotherapy. The name of the organization was changed in 1922 to the American Physiotherapy Association (APA). Two issues involving physicians 1. In 1940, the issue was settled when physicians established physical medicine as a medical specialty. These physicians became known as physiatrists and the term physical therapists became accepted after. 2. In 1928 a curriculum was published and a 9 month program was established. Greater RecognitionGreater Recognition of education programs and standards was required. APA sought assistance from the AMA in 1933. AMA adopted the essentials of an Acceptable School for Physical Therapy Technicians in 1936. 13 schools were approved by the AMA in 1936. Post World War 2 Period The term became recognized as the title given to physicians who practiced physical medicine. Physical Therapists could now practice physical therapy. 1960’s-1980’sSocietal Issues of this period included an population, health, and prevention. To meet the growing demands, APTA adopted Policy statements in 1960’s to clarify the use of PTA’s and aides. In 1960 APTA policy for minimum educational requirement was a baccalaureate degree. In 1970 it became obvious that a post baccalaureate degree would be necessary for competent practice. 1960’s-1980’s Cont. The profession lobbied aggressively for direct access: the right to conduct patient examinations and interventions without a physician’s referral. In 1957 became the first state to have direct access.healthcare costs were reduced (no required physician visit) and physical therapy could begin sooner. 1990’s Skyrocketing costs of healthcare resulted in significant cost control measures. In 1997 the controlled the costs by limitation of the type, number, and reimbursement amounts for services.PT’s deteriorated as job availability plateaued. 1990’s Cont. The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice provided a description of physical therapy services. The developing concept of evidence-based practice (practice based on proof) helped promote the practice of physical therapy. Twenty-First CenturyAPTA adopted the APTA vision statement cited as Vision 2020. Key Components:1. Autonomous practice2. 3. Practitioner of choice4. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)5. 6. ProfessionalismAmerican Physical Therapy Association APTA Vision Statement for Physical therapy 2020Twenty-First Century Cont. APTA issued a position listing of autonomous practice. Indicates that PT’s have the to practice under direct access within their scope of practice and refer patients and clients to other health care professionals. AUTONOMOUS PHYSICAL THERAPIST PRACTICE Twenty-First Century Cont. APTA approved “Professionalism in Physical Therapy: Core Values”The purpose was to articulate what a PT practitioner would do in his daily practice to demonstrate professional behavior.Direct access became legal in all 50 states in Core Values of Professionalism in PTAccountability=Altruism=Compassion/Caring=Concern for the needs and values of othersExcellence= Uses current knowledge and theory, embraces advancement, development of new knowledgeIntegrity=High ethical principlesProfessional Duty=Commitment to meeting one’s obligationsSocial Responsibility=Twenty-First Century Cont. The first class of PT’s with the designation “DPT” graduated in 1996 from University. By 2010 all PT programs were at the doctorate level.In 2013, House of Delegates adopted a new vision statement. “Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience.”SummaryPT’s went from Reconstruction Aides of World War 1 to autonomous practitioners of today. PT’s provide services to reduce pain, improve function, and maintain health. History of the profession was traced from Polio and World War 1 to relationships with AMA, development of APTA, cost control in 1990’s, to Vision 2020 and the rise of DPT programs. ................
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