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83820-56324500Big Idea QuestionChapter 27.1 World War IIAdditional Notes/QuestionsWhat were the causes of the unrest that led to World War II?What was the Power Vacuum during the 1930s? What were the biggest weaknesses of Post-World War I Germany?What was Hitler’s plan for Germany’s future?Why did the Rest of Europe do nothing while Hitler systematically unraveled the Treaty of Versailles and the balance of power?What was the significance of “The Anschluss?”What was Neville Chamberlain’s response to “the Anschluss?”Why did Hitler desire the Sudetenland?What was the significance of the Munich Conference?Why did the policy of appeasement fail?What reasons did Hitler use to try to justify his desires to capture Poland? Why did Hitler and Stalin make the Non-Aggression Pact in 1939?What was the significance of Germany invading Poland?What was the significance of Blitzkrieg?What led to Japan’s social, political and economic unrest in the 1930s?What were the ambitions of Imperial Japan?How did Hitler’s Non-Aggression Pact in 1939 change Japan’s foreign policies?Why did the Maginot Line fail? Why was the Dunkirk evacuation significant?What was the situation in France once France fell in June of 1940? What do you suppose the news of the Tripartite Pact meant to the average person in the world in 1940? Why did Britain turn to Churchill in their dark hour? How did Britain persevere in Battle of Britain? What was Germany’s goal in North Africa? What ploy did the Soviets use against the invading Germans during Operation Barbarossa?What were the long lasting implications of the Atlantic Charter?Why was El Alamein a turning point in the war? Why did Hitler lose control of N. Africa? Why was Stalingrad significant? What was the significance of D-Day? Why was the significance of “the Bulge” significant? Prelude to War Failure of collective security and peace in the 1920’sTreaty of Versailles (231, “Diktat”, “Stab in the Back”)League of Nations fails Attempts at disarmament ?fails (Washington Naval Conference, 5 Power Treaty, 4 Power Treaty) Pacts and treaties failsDepressionPower Vacuum during the 1930sBritain and France would do anything to avoid another conflictCommunist USSR was the outcast of EuropeUSA was back to being isolationist Eastern Europe- Weak states/ many turned to their old ways (authoritarian regimes) The “Diplomatic Revolution” 1933-36Germany’s Post WWI WeaknessesGermany was perceived as weakRhineland and Maginot Line would prevent future aggressionEastern nations had alliances w/France (“the Little Entente”) T.O.V. had made Germany’s army?weakGermany’s Post WWI StrengthsGermany was 2nd most populous nation in EuropeGermany had a massive industrial capacityBritain and France were worn out and dismayed by costs of WWI. Hitler’s PlanScrap the TOVRestore Germany’s StrengthsRearm Germany (Rebuild the Military) Prepare Germany for War and ConquestPose as a man of peace who only wanted Germany to be treated FairlyTimeline of Events 1933-36 (Hitler rattles Europe’s Cage)Oct. 1933 - Germany withdraws from Geneva Disarmament Conference and the League of NationsOct. 1935 - Mussolini invades EthiopiaMarch 1935 - Hitler announces German military rearmamentOct. 1936 - Hitler and Mussolini form the Rome-Berlin Axis (“Fascintern” /intervene in Spain on the side of General Franco in the Spanish Civil WarNov. 1936 - alliance between fascist Germany, Italy, and Imperial Japan = the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisMarch 1936 - Hitler reoccupies the RhinelandThe Path to War (1936-1938)Mar. 1939- Austria - “The Anschluss” British ReactionPrime Minister Neville ChamberlainCrisis in Czechoslovakia/ Sept. 1938Sudetenland-Munich Conference Sept. 29, 1938Under British PM, Neville Chamberlain, the policy of appeasement was adoptedHitler and Germany awarded Sudetenland in return for the guaranteed independence of Czechoslovakia“Peace in our time.” March 1939, Germany invaded the rest of CzechoslovakiaPolandHitler revealed his true colors by taking over CzechoslovakiaOne week after taking Czechoslovakia, he demanded Danzig (Polish Corridor) He used the alleged poor treatment of ethnic Germans in Poland as a pretext for his demandChamberlain began to talk tough and threaten that Britain would fight to protect Poland. ?Non-Aggression Pact- August 1939Hitler desired assurances from Russian that they would not attack Germany if he invaded Poland This would guarantee Germany that they would only need to fight a one-front war against France & BritainPrivately, it was yet another agreement to partition PolandGermany invades Poland, Sept. 1, 1939This marked the beginning of World War IISeptember 3rd, 1939, Britain and France declared war on GermanyGermany used Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) against the Poles from the westIt was a new form of warfare used by Germany by ripping a hole in enemy lines and cutting off front lines from the rear (surrounding them) Coordinated with an air force (“luftwaffe”) tanks, and artilleryPanzer Divisions- Russia attacked Poland from the eastSitzkrieg (“Phony War”)7 Month lull where no fighting occurredSome thought the war was a myth and nothing was going to happenedThe world waited for Hitler’s next moveThe Path to War in AsiaJapan experienced a swift transformation Samurai to modern army in less than 50 years (Russo-Japanese War)Social, Political and Economic unrest by the 1930sOverpopulationdependency on foreign nations for raw materialsGreat Depression foreign tariffs made their economy a disasterEconomic Crisis leads to Right-Wing expansionist parties cooperating with military and navy1931, Japan invaded Manchuria for natural resourcesLON condemns the action but that’s about it!Chiang Kai-Shek attempted appeasement with the same results as Neville Chamberlain“Rape of Nanking”“Monroe Doctrine for Asia”Nazi Germany and Japan cooperateNon-Aggression Pact in 1939 changed Japan’s policiesIt turned them toward a collision course with France, Britain and inevitably the USAThe Course of World War IIHitler’s Attack on the WestHe knew Britain and France wellFrance had been comforted with the Maginot LineHitler ended “sitzkrieg” in April of 1940He invaded Denmark and NorwayIn May 1940, Hitler invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg Maginot Line failedDUNKIRK: Massive evacuation of British and French forces trapped by Nazis hailed as the “miracle of Dunkirk”The Fall of France June 22, 1940Vichy France- Puppet government in S. France Marshal Henri-Philippe Petain The “Free French”-General Charles De GaulleTripartite pact, 1940Problem of BritainGerman victories led to a change of government in EnglandChamberlain out, Winston Churchill in.Churchill had long been against appeasementAdvocated standing up to Hitler at the beginningThe Battle of Britain, Fall of 19401. Hitler’s air war against Britain2. LUFTWAFFE = German air force 3. RAF = British air force4. Ultra Intelligence Operation ?and radar5. “the blitz” – terror bombing of English cities6. Battle of Britain fails for the NazisProblems of Britain: North Africa1.German forces invade N. Africa2.Erwin Rommel = leader of the German “Afrika Korps”3. Bernard Montgomery = leader of the British forces – “the desert ratsThe Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941Hitler’s greatest mistake (just like Naps!) Operation Barbarossa“Scorched Earth”The Atlantic Charter (Aug 1941): Agreement that once the Axis Powers were defeated, self-determination would be the order of the day. ?Also called for “a permanent system of general security” (Future United Nations) Lend-Lease Act (1941) gave large amounts of supplies to help Britain and USSR; basically ended US neutralityThe War in AsiaImperial Japan -1. Large population/small territory2. Need for food and raw materials3. Emperor Hirohito/in the 1930’s right wing militaristic nationalists gain power4. July 1937 - the Japanese invade Manchuria in China/in July 1941 the U.S. cuts off sales iron and oilDecember 7, 1941-1. naval and air forces of Japan attack the US naval base at Pearl Harbor2. Japan attacks the PhilippinesThe Grand Alliance formed in 1942Consisted of Britain, the Soviet Union and the U.S. as well as two dozen other countriesEl Alamein, Nov. 1942British forces drove Germans and Rommel out of EgyptIn 1942, Operation Torch began and Americans and British merged to surround the Germans by May of ‘43Rommel and his Afrikakorps were pushed out of Africa while suffering mass casualties and POWs.Significance: Hitler’s invasion of USSR preoccupied any chance of reinforcing Rommel and protecting the southern border of his Nazi empireVictory opened door for allied invasion of Italy in ‘43The Battle for Stalingrad (Nov. 1942-Feb 1943)This was the critical battle along the Eastern FrontAfter the battle, the Soviets began the 2 ? year campaign of pushing the Germans back to BerlinBattle of Midway Island- June 4, 1942US plans destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and established US naval superiority in the PacificAmerica began it’s island hopping crusade in pushing the Japanese back to mainland Japan“Operation Ovelord,” June 6, 1944- D-DAY1.The Allied invasion of anized by Eisenhower3.Attack across the English Channel- land forces on the Normandy coast of France120,000 troops crossed the English Channel opening up a third front against the Nazis.Battle of the Bulge, Dec. 19441. ?Hitler's last gasp offensive to drive Allies away from the western German border2. ?Brutal fighting in the dead of winter resulted in frightful casualties on both sides.After Hitler’s counteroffensive failed, the Allies quickly penetrated deep into Germany in 1945.May 8, 1945: Germany surrendered (Hitler committed suicide a few days earlier)End of the war against Japan: Aug. 19451. ???U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki2. ??Japan surrendered although the emperor was allowed to remain on the throneEssential QuestionsAnalyze political, economic and diplomatic factors for the failure of peace after World War I. Be able to explain Hitler’s early successes on the diplomatic front and how he was able to prepare for war without strong enough opposition from the democracies.How did diplomacy during the war play a role in the war’s outcome?Trace the path to war both in Europe and in Asia, and point out the mistakes the democracies made in their treatment of Hitler.Describe the Nazi Empire, its structure and policies, and show how Hitler’s philosophy formed and directed it, particularly the treatment of Jews.Analyze military, economic and political reasons for Germany’s loss in WWII.Show how the war affected civilian populations and how governments mobilized their people to help win the war.Discuss the events and attitudes near the end of the war that precipitated the Cold War that followed it. ................
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