HOBBES
HOBBES
1. Hobbes’ Philosophy could be used to defend
a. absolute democracy.
b. absolute tyranny.
c. absolute sovereignty.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
2. Hobbes was the 1st philosopher to apply systematically the
a. basic assumptions of 19th century science to human behavior.
b. basic assumptions of 18th century science to human behavior.
c. basic assumptions of 17th century science to human behavior.
d. basic assumptions of 16th century science to human behavior.
e. none of the above.
3. Hobbes envisioned
a. a unification of the study of physical bodies, living bodies and political bodies.
b. a unification of the study of physical bodies and living bodies but not political bodies.
c. a unification of the study of physical bodies and political bodies but not living bodies.
d..
e. none of the above.
4. Mechanistic materialism is the view that
a. ultimately nothing is reducible to material bodies in motion.
b. ultimately everything is reducible to immaterial bodies in motion.
c. ultimately everything is reducible to immaterial bodies that are not in motion.
d. ultimately everything is reducible to material bodies in motion.
e. none of the above.
5. Hobbes was committed to the view that
a. everything is reducible to matter in motion.
b. not everything is reducible to matter in motion.
c. everything is reducible to matter in motion and this could be extended to moral philosophy.
d. not everything is reducible to matter in motion and this could not be extended to moral philosophy
e. two of the above.
6. Hobbes extends the doctrines of Mechanistic materialism
a. to psychology and moral philosophy.
b. to metaphysics and moral philosophy.
c. to metaphysics and ontology.
d. to psychology and metaphysics.
e. to psychology and ontology.
7. According to Hobbes although the several sciences investigate different subject matter
a. the basic laws of each science do not describe the motions of bodies.
b. the basic laws of each science sometimes describe the motions of bodies and sometimes do not.
c. the basic laws of each science describe the motions of spirits.
d. the basic laws of each science describe the motions of bodies.
e. none of the above.
8. Hobbes’ moral philosophy is directly related to his psychological theory
a. in which he constructs a spiritual conception of motivation.
b. in which he constructs a emotional conception of motivation.
c. in which he constructs a mechanistic conception of motivation.
d. in which he constructs a divine conception of motivation.
e. none of the above.
9. Hobbes
a. opposes the prevailing notion of his time that mind and body are different substances.
b. maintains that mental phenomena are nothing but physiological motions.
c. maintains that physiological motions are nothing but mental phenomena.
d. endorses the prevailing notion of his time that mind and body are different substances.
e. two of the above.
10. According to Hobbes “endeavors” are
a. spiritual motions that are predispositions to act in a certain way.
b. divine motions that are predispositions to act in a certain way.
c. animal motions that are predispositions to act in a certain way.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
11. According to Hobbes “endeavors”
a. are guided by a calculated appraisal of the situation.
b. are mechanically initiated by sensory stimuli.
c. are augmented the action of imagination and memory.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
12. According to Hobbes the most important kinds of “endeavors” are
a. desires and appetites.
b. desires and aversions.
c. appetites and aversions.
d. appetites and emotions.
e. none of the above.
13. According to Hobbes
a. desires cause us to pursue objects.
b. aversions cause us to pursue objects.
c. desires cause us to avoid objects.
d. aversions cause us to avoid objects.
e. two of the above.
14. According to Hobbes endeavors are
a. the chief determinants of behavior.
b. not the chief determinants of behavior.
c. also the basis of evaluations.
d. not the basis of evaluations.
e. two of the above.
15. According to Hobbes
a. all objects or actions are intrinsically good.
b. no objects or actions are intrinsically good.
c. all objects or actions are intrinsically evil.
d. all objects or actions are either intrinsically good or intrinsically evil.
e. none of the above.
16. According to Hobbes people
a. call evil the objects of their desires.
b. call good the objects of their aversions.
c. call evil the objects of their aversions.
d. call good the objects of their desires.
e. two of the above.
17. According to Hobbes
a. evaluations are stable and relative to one’s society.
b. evaluations are stable and relative to the individual.
c. evaluations are transient and relative to one’s society.
d. evaluations are transient and relative to the individual.
e. two of the above.
18. According to Hobbes values are transient
a. evaluations are stable and relative to the individual.
b. because the desire for an object may change to indifference or even to aversion
c. evaluations are stable and relative to one’s society.
d. because the desires for objects never change to indifference or even to aversion.
e. two of the above.
19. According to Hobbes values are relative to the individual because
a. one person may love an object to which a 2nd is indifferent and that a 3rd may hate.
b. all people love, hate and are indifferent to the exact same objects.
c. all people love, hate and cherish the exact same objects.
d. all people love, hate and are repulsed by the exact same objects.
e. two of the above.
20. Hobbes’ conception of human nature is of people as
a. completely and exclusively egoistic.
b. devoid of feelings of sympathy and benevolence.
c. full of feelings of sympathy and benevolence.
d. completely and exclusively social.
e. two of the above.
21. According to Hobbes people are by nature
a. sympathetic, benevolent, and social.
b. sympathetic, benevolent and compassionate.
c. entirely selfish but at times also sympathetic and benevolent.
d. entirely selfish and devoid of any genuine feelings of sympathy, benevolence, or sociability.
e. none of the above.
22. According to Hobbes each individual is preoccupied exclusively with
a. the gratification of social desires.
b. the gratification of personal desires.
c. the gratification of supernatural desires.
d. the gratification of other people’s desires.
e. none of the above.
23. According to Hobbes one’s success in maintaining a continuous flow of gratifications is the measure of
a. one’s happiness.
b. one’s success.
c. one’s failure.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
24. According to Hobbes the means for attaining the objects of desire are called
a. emotions.
b. ideas.
c. powers.
d. feelings.
e. all of the above.
25. According to Hobbes in the state of nature people
a. unequal in both mental and physical powers.
b. unequal in only physical powers.
c. equal in only mental powers.
d. equal in both mental and physical powers.
e. two of the above.
26. According to Hobbes the state of nature
a. is savage.
b. is peaceful.
c. is sometimes savage and sometimes peaceful.
d. neither savage nor peaceful.
e. two of the above
27. According to Hobbes in the state of nature
a. intense competition enhances the possibility of individual survival.
b. intense competition eliminates virtually all chances for individuals to achieve happiness.
c. intense competition threatens the possibility of individual survival.
d. intense competition enhances the chances for individuals to achieve happiness.
e. two of the above.
28. According to Hobbes
a. our emotions point the way to voluntary collective organization as the most effective way for individuals to utilize their powers.
b. reason points the way to voluntary collective organization as the most effective way for individuals to utilize their powers.
c. our feelings point the way to voluntary collective organization as the most effective way for individuals to utilize their powers.
d. our desires point the way to voluntary collective organization as the most effective way for individuals to utilize their powers.
e. none of the above.
29. According to Hobbes when we give up our rights to do whatever will satisfy our desires to a central governing authority
a. the conditions requisite to our survival and happiness are still not provided.
b. the conditions requisite to our survival and happiness are sometimes provided and sometimes still not provided.
c. the conditions requisite to our survival and happiness are provided.
d. the conditions requisite to our happiness and unhappiness are provided.
e. none of the above.
31. It is through the social contract that
a. civil society is transformed into the war of all against all.
b. the state of war of all against all is transformed into civil society.
c. the state of nature is transformed into a state of individuals.
d. the state of individuals is transformed into the state of nature.
e. two of the above.
32. According to Hobbes it is through
a. a “social contract” that the state of nature is transformed into a civil society.
b. an “emotional contract” that the state of nature is transformed into a civil society.
c. a “spiritual contract” that the state of nature is transformed into a civil society.
d. a “Royal contract” that the state of nature is transformed into a civil society..
e. two of the above.
33. According to Hobbes with the establishment of the commonwealth through the social contract
a. the formal and sufficient conditions for morality are present.
b. the material and sufficient conditions for morality are present.
c. the formal, material and sufficient conditions for morality are present.
d. the necessary and sufficient conditions for morality are present.
e. the formal, material and necessary conditions for morality are present.
34. According to Hobbes
a. whatever is in accordance with law of the sovereign is right, whereas what deviates from it is wrong.
b. whatever is in accordance with law of the sovereign is wrong, whereas what deviates from it is right.
c. whatever is in accordance with law of the sovereign is right, although what deviates from it is also right.
d. whatever is not in accordance with law of the sovereign is right, although what deviates from it is also right.
e. whatever is not in accordance with law of the sovereign is right, although what deviates from it is wrong.
35. According to Hobbes civil authority and law
a. civil authority alone is the foundation of morality.
b. law alone is the foundation of morality.
c. civil authority and law are the foundation of morality.
d. religion alone is the foundation of morality.
e. none of the above.
36. According to Hobbes
a. the Law of the absolute sovereign determines morality.
b. Morality determines law.
c. Sometimes law determines morality and sometimes morality determines law.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
37. According to Hobbes without a civil authority
a. it would be wise but dangerous to follow the precepts of morality.
b. it would be foolish and dangerous to follow the precepts of morality.
c. it would be wise and not dangerous to follow the precepts of morality.
d. two of the above.
e. none of the above.
38. According to Hobbes morality turns out to be the
a. “dictate of our emotions.”
b. “dictate of our feelings.”
c. “dictate of reason.”
d. “dictate of our aversions.”
e. “dictate of our desires.”
39. According to Hobbes we are only moral because
a. it is conducive to social security and the prime condition of security is absolute civil power.
b. it is not conducive to individual security.
c. it is not conducive to social security.
d. it is conducive to individual security and the prime condition of security is absolute civil power.
e. two of the above.
40. According to Hobbes which of the following statements is not true?
a. friends are good because they come to our defense when we are in difficulties.
b. riches are good because they buy allies we need for our security.
c. intelligence is good because it alerts us to danger.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
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