Fp.amegroups.cn



Table S1 Table of relevant page numbers in the works citedManuscript SectionStatementRelevant pages in the book citedThe Origin of Cataract Surgery…nation (or even which man) first performed a cataract operation (6) 34…by the Indians can so far neither be confirmed nor denied (6)39Late Bronze Age…of more than one thousand hymns put together in ten books (7) 3-4…that is, during the second half of the second millennium BCE (7) 5…twin brothers A?vins ‘made the blind to see, the lame to go’ (7) 260…?V I.117.17, and granted eyesight to Ka?va in ?V I.118.7 (7)270-276Evidence of Couching in Ancient India…in surgical skills, but mentions, instead, Tak?a?ilā [Taxila] (1)342…religious instruction (Tt 2017:7, tr. Huber, Sūtrāla?kāra 213f) (17) 50…include the translation of an ophthalmic sutra (T1380) (17)88…person blinded with ignorance by the teachings of the Buddha (17)20…through the veil of worldliness with the needle of ignorance (17)30and would include surgery with the needle, on the eyes or ears (17)89A few scholars assume a succession of four layers […] (1)336…or Arabic at the request of the Barmakid Ya?yā ibn ??ālid (1)342-52…Ya?ovarman I (889 to 900 CE) as well as in Tibetan literature (1)352…(Rabban) al-?abarī, cited both Su?ruta and Vāgbha?a (1)352…comes from Sanskrit sources, including Su?ruta and Vāgbha?a (1)352…the texts (1), the absolute dating of these works remains contested.651…with its two early commentaries, between 1013 and 1055 CE (1)631Ptolemaic and early Roman Egypt…asked the Pharaoh Amasis to send him an Egyptian oculist (30)20The Persians captured Egypt in 525 BCE (31)8The Persians captured Egypt in 525 BCE (32)6…or vice-versa, particularly during and after Alexander’s reign (32)1-22…credited by von Staden with the discovery of the optic nerve (30)20-423…posterior surface of the iris and compared the retina to a net (30)205…sixth century writings of A?tius of Amida and other works (30)69-578…hypochyma, hydrops (?δρωφ), and the rudiments of surgery (46)7-8…extraction of a tooth, and discussed obstetric complications (30)403…(“slayer”), which had already been possessed by Hippocrates (30)190-404The Thorn“…thorn of the babul-tree” was used to perform couching (49) 14Ammar wrote in Cairo that many of the oculists were illiterate (54)41Copper Needles (Rods)…in the works of ?alā? al-Dīn al-Ka??āl of 13th century Syria (79)292The rod was described as “a barley-tipped rod-like instrument” (80)203Iron needles…have arisen independently in several locations (Figure 4) (62). The reader should study plate XVI.69-72…surgical instruments can be made with tempered steel (1)509Wider portion of the shaft“…bud-shaped at both ends and made of copper, iron or gold” (80)207…after 1905, supplementing this with the Escorial Arabic manuscript214…1905, supplementing this with the Escorial Arabic manuscript (6)348“…copper so that is can be withdrawn whenever you want to.” (6) 348…been found in the tombs of Gallo-Roman ophthalmologists (54)685Silver Instruments…collection on the island of Cos in the early 1900s (Figure 9) (65). The reader should study plate VIII, item 10.45.…3rd century CE doctor’s burial site in Southwest Asia Minor (63) The reader should study Plate II, item 4 …of the 3rd century oculist Severus had silver inlay (Figure 4) (62) The reader should study Plate XVI21-72…tools of Benevenutus Grassus in the 12th or 13th century (87)33Gold Instruments…the primary material used for acupuncture needles in China (88)64-89The surgery was performed with a “golden surgical instrument” (87)148…by Benevenutus Grassus in the 12th or 13th century (87)35The Lens as a Lentil…of Rufus and also compared the lens to a lentil (Figure 10) (99) 207…of the d???i that “its size is like that of a split lentil (masūradala)” (1) 303 “has the form of a hole” and tolerates cold (1) 303 “has the form of a hole” and tolerates cold (100)25Intermediate Age of the Patient…venesection should not be subjected to any surgical operation (100)79…young and old would be too weak to tolerate a procedure (101)134…it was suitable for “children, old, timid, debilitated” patients (101)134…was also prohibited in “debilitated, child, old, timid” patients (101)127…is childhood favourable, but rather intermediate ages.” (7.7.14) (102) 348“…draw blood from his arms, unless he is weak.” (Littré VII 112) (105)291The Glaucous Pupil…bluish (ānīla) colour, occurs in the disease called parimlāyin.” (1)303…bluish (ānīla) colour, occurs in the disease called parimlāyin.” (100)28The Glassy Eye…Ephesus mentioned the vitreous (hyaloeide) (Figure 10) (30) 206…(hyelizei, “bottle green”) which was not specified as untreable (45)85-86“…that one type of cataract “has the color of glass” (79)276“…of pearly cataract. It approaches being suitable for surgery.” (79)213…pathologic comparison of the eye to glass in the Greek literature303, 449Phlegm and the Eye…blood indeed occupied an ambiguous position (Table 2) (1)303…blood indeed occupied an ambiguous position (Table 2) (80)141…blood indeed occupied an ambiguous position (Table 2) (117)133-49…that blood is considered a usual bodily element, rather than a do?a.142“This patient generally recovers in forty days.” (Littré VII 8) (105)170-171“…and he seems to see only the half of faces.” ( Littré VII 20) (105) 185…possibly with respect to mucoid discharge or mattering (46)46… humor is glassy [?αλ?δε?, hyalodes] in color and consistence.” (46)53…of Susruta for Adhimantha (ophthalmia) caused by kapha (100) 41…black and yellow bile, in the manner of the Greek authors (79)279A Sense of Humors…accompanied Alexander the Great to India, including Taxila (31) 13-57… accompanied Alexander the Great to India, including Taxila (32) 450…the yellow color of the cornea makes objects appear yellow (126)165Rubbing the Eye…in the shade) while on rubbing the eye the circle spreads. (80)143…thereby dispersing the dosas” (A??ā?gasa?graha 6.17.7) (117)150Maturity of the Cataract“…appears to have coalesced to some sort of hardness.” (7.7.14) (102) 347…occurs […] also if punctured in too immature [taru?a-] stage (80) 206…is performed when it is due to kapha and is ripe (sujāta) (1)450“…the flow of rheum.” (85). This comes from the second Book, capitulum 3, section QQ.41…Paulus and ibn Isa followed Antyllus’ teachings in this regard (56)279…Paulus and ibn Isa followed Antyllus’ teachings in this regard (126)179Patient Positioning…the patient, that he may hold his head immovable.” (7.7.14) (102)260“…and faces the sun. The head of the patient is held firmly…” (6)348“…patient should be positioned [seated] and held firmly…” (80)203“…high, placed on the forelegs of the patient…” (AS 6.17.7) (117)150“…placed the patient opposite the light, but not in the sun…” (56)280“…assistant should stand behind the patient and hold his head.” (126)184“…hands. You sit on a chair somewhat higher than the patient.” (79)215“… veins, ligaments, joints, bones and arteries...” (SS 1.5.7) (101) 61“…been uncted and well positioned [seated] …” (SS 6.16.3) (80)187…for pterygium surgery, depending on the eye being treated (102)328Temporal Approach: Ambidexterity and Ocular Convergence“…the right hand, and the right eye with the left hand.” (7.7.14) (102)350“…operate with the right hand, or if the left eye with the right…” (56)280“…ready to use the left hand as well as the right” (7.0.4) (102) 296“…wound, and his right hand through the left margin…” (7.16.4) (102) 386“…the patient to prevent the surgeon having to switch hands (102)328“…sitting on the right side of the patient.” (AS 6.17.7) (117)151“…inner canthus by his right hand with a rod …” (SS 6.18.64) (80)221“…his nose; this is therefore a kind of squinting toward the nose” (6)348…convergence, neither specified the hand used by the surgeon (99)273“…Instruct the patient to direct his gaze towards his nose” (126) 184…but seemed to advise that the right hand be used in all cases (79)152…ambidexterity, without mentioning gazing at the nose (140) 111Pars-plana Puncture Avoiding Vessels“…the cataract, in such a way that no vein is wounded.” (7.7.14) (102)350“…two thirds of a barleycorn from the black part (limbus)” (79)153“…somebody who did not know anything about this operation.” (54) 228…be made at the width of the handle of the cataract instrument (79) 253“…handle of the cataract needle, which is one barleycorn wide” (79) 253“…two thirds of a barley-corn from the black part (limbus)” (79) 153“…to incise the conjunctiva for a cataract operation.” (Figure 15) (54) 201-5“…margin, or at least no more than the size of a grain of barley” (54)214…was tapered and the fine tips were prone to breaking off (79)153…was defined as the width of a finger, nominally about 19 mm (144)498“…and allows the point of the needle to enter without slipping.” (6)348“…we push it strongly through the part which was marked out…” (56)280…mark of a good surgeon in the Su?rutasa?hitā (SS 1.5.7) (101) 61Vision Testing“…after it, lest by the intense exertion the cataract reascend.” (56)280“…the ?alākā should be removed slowly …” (SS 6.17.65cd) (80)204“…should be taken out, rotating it all the time.” (AS 6.17.9) (117)151…be certain the patient is not looking with his sound eye.” (126)184“…his vision is opened upon while the needle is still in his eye” (128)252Covering the Nonoperative Eye“…is put over the opposite eye and bandaged on…” (7.7.14) (102) 350…who cited Galen, “…we bind up carefully the sound eye” (56) 280Albucasis of the 10th century (128)252…Indo-Greek tradition of asking the patient to gaze at the nose (126)184Entering an Empty Space“…feel that you have reached a roomy space within the eye” (126)184“…you now feel that the needle has now entered a wide space…” (79) 153 “You will reach an empty place that is vestibule-like” (99)273Discission“…of eranda and cleaned…” (A??ā?gasa?graha 6.17.25) (117)155“…stowed away singly, and form smaller obstacles to vision.” (102)350…it is as if some slime passes off below. (Kühn 10.1019-20) (149)534…the piercing was just of the eye, rather than the lens capsule (6)289“…like the membrane in an egg that encloses the white inside it.” (79)161Ammar wrote that the man could see afterwards (79)161“…directions, upwards and downwards, and towards both canthi.” (79)220Early Cataract Aspiration…hollow needle to the Greeks and Romans (54)71…and some of them illustrated the hollow needle (Figure 15) (54) 201“In our land, I have never seen anyone do it in this fashion…” (128) 256“…already operated on many patients with it in Egypt.” (79)162…recounted by ?alā? al-Dīn al-Ka??āl in the 13th century (79) 300…that the healthy fluid of the eye would also be aspirated (79) 301…work better than the glass tube recommended by Antyllus (79)302Evacuation of Cataract or Hypopyon?“…speak of in the [writings] on surgery.” (Kühn 10.987) (149)487“…call the place the ‘iris’, others the ‘crown.’” (Kühn 10.1020) (149)536“Probably only those with an insufficient medical knowledge.” (54)289“…will bring out the moisture of the aqueous humor with itself.” (99)274“…there between the cornea and the outer surface of the iris.” (79)156…cataract had disappeared and the man saw fine with this eye (79)157…case report does not end with him extracting the cataract (79)219Proper Season…has a great deal on the effect of season on various diseases (80)619…ibn Isa advised performing cataract surgery in summer (126)184…Syria advised operating at “the autumnal or spring equinox” (79)293Restraining the Limbs“…the patient should be positioned and held firmly …” (80)203…advised tying both the hands and legs of the patient (126)184Reassuring the Patient“…telling him pleasant stories” (AS 6.17.9 and 10) (117)151“…and encourage him not to worry because all will be well.” (126)185Wider Needle…medieval Arabic authors continued this practice (Figure 15) (54)201-5…cases the renditions of the barley-tipped salaka (Figure 17) (54)208…but in other cases being triangular in shape (Figures 18, 19) (54)208Placing Cotton and Blowing on the Eye“...blow warm air on the eye” (A??ā?gasa?graha 6.17.7) (117)p. 150150…bandage applied… Vāgbha?a I (A??ā?gasa?graha 6.17.10) (117)151“…to move and seems clear, it is an indication for operation.” (126)180“…sounds like drinking, as if to relieve the unrest of the eye.” (126)185Placing Cotton and Blowing on the Eye…would deliver medicines by blowing them (6) 191-210“…and blowing and with hairs (brush), cloth and hands…” (101)275“…becomes painless on fomenting it slightly with mouth-vapour” (80)229“…onto the eye of the patient so that the pupil remains regular.” (54)215Arabic of al-Razi to recommend blowing on the eye at this stage (6)349The same idea is found in Ibn Isa (126) 187 The same idea is found in Ibn Isa and Ibn Sina (99)274…maturity by placing cotton on the eye and blowing on it. (99)271Control of Breathing…the patient’s breathing technique in the Su?rutasa?hitā (80)203…in which case the puncturing procedure is repeated (80)204…described inhalation: “by snorting”, “to sniff”, “to inhale” (140) 261“by snorting” (160), “to sniff” (161), “to inhale”, “to snuff” (100) 78“…by snorting”, “to sniff”, “to inhale”, “to snuff”, “suck” (6) 36“…the patient should adopt “forceful inspiration” (80)230“…where the patient should suck it into his nose.” (6) 38“…cold water, hard/forceful inhaling constantly.” (AS 6.17.13) (117)155“…of that time and with which we have to content ourselves.” (6) 39“…breathing of the patient is here only an auxiliary activity.” (6) 39“…manoeuver will assist you to push the cataract downwards.” (126)186“…and ascended, guide the needle on to the cataract again…” (79)153“…nose. From this moment on the operation was successful.” (79)219“…gradually withdraw the needle with a rotary motion.” (79)221“…the nose—so that the cataract will be pulled downward.” (79)296Zarrin-Dast (Goldhand)…have been from Gorgan, close to the Caspian Sea (54) 69…and damaged the vision of many patients (54)37-41…works of Galen, Hunain, Ibn Māsawayh, and Al-Rāzi (54)48…suggest that he was personally familiar with eye surgery (54)69-71“…with a solid needle alone, 3. with the hollow needle.” (54)71…Rumi), and the method of the knife to the Baghdad surgeons (54)71Hirschberg thought that Zarrin-Dast was in error (54) 71…Ages was better associated with the Baghdad surgeons (54)71“…and probably requires an oral explanation by the teacher.” (54)39The Lancet…the word for lancet, al-barīd, was derived from Persian (54) 39…surgery with incision by a lancet followed by the needle (54)71…feel that you have reached a roomy space within the eye” (126)184…with the small knife, then slowly insert the needle in its place.” (79)152-3…for the tip of the needle from where it will not slip during entry.” (79)215-6…could be used to penetrate the conjunctiva first (Figure 15) (54)201-5…could be used to penetrate the conjunctiva first (Figure 15) (79)216…technique: a lancet followed by a needle (Figures 8,21) (54)211…other couching “needles” feature a wider blade (Figure 21) (54)211-2…used, rather than the two-instrument lancet-needle technique (52)156-395…may resemble the medieval Arabic triangular needle (94)311… “heaven” needle, which is used to “remove the shade” (93)404…needles might be different ends of the same instrument (93)405Furniture“…facing one another and keeping [the eyes] at the same level.” (93)404…Silver Sea text recommended a golden needle (87)33…Silver Sea text recommended a golden needle (93) 404Medieval and Modern Spread of Couching…in China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan (166), and Burma. 389…was described in Sanskrit with commentary in Old Javanese (17) 90…and the Tattvasa?graha (T 866:4:252a) (17) 90-1…were imported into Japan from China in the 9th century (17)91Table 1…iron cataract needle, combined with a bronze scalpel… (61) (Figs. 8,9, item PL85/128)Bronze handle with functional end of needle missing. Length 8.6 cm. Excavated 1908-1910 by George E. Bonsor. (59) (Figure 2, Item 7)Bronze-handled needle…the Palaestra. Length 7.3 cm. Length of needle distal to ridges 1.5 cm. (Lengths based on scale in (57) as 1:1) (Figure 4, item 5, 2nd from right) 14…two bronze instruments…broken off (57), (Figure 3, items 5,6) 13…bronze handle…needles or pointed cautery (57) (Figure 4, item 6) 12-15Cataract needle, bronze…Athens national museum (57,) (Figure 10, item 4)40-1Cataract needle, bronze…Athens national museum (62) 176Cataract needle, bronze…Athens national museum (63)413Cataract needle…tombs of Odessos… (64) (Plate X, Figs. 58 and 60)39-40Cataract needle…tombs of Odessos… (65) (Tables. 8, 10) Künzl (57) believes the function is uncertain114…Meyer-Steineg in Cos, early 1900s. (65) (Plate VIII, Item 10)45Musée des Antiquités Nationales in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Voinot 1999 catalog #104. Item numbering above as per (57) (Figure 37, Nos. 32-39)61-7Musée des Antiquités Nationales in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Voinot 1999 catalog #104. Item numbering above as per (62) (table 2)21-70Musée des Antiquités Nationales in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Voinot 1999 catalog #104. Item numbering above as per (63)4155 cataract needles, 2 of which are hollow (67)24-41Bronze needle…Excavated in 1968. (67)35Bronze needle…Excavated in 1968. (68) (Figure 2, Item 5)Needle handle, bronze…Musée de la Société Archéologique (57)70Needle handle, bronze…Musée de la Société Archéologique (62)21Needle handle, bronze…Musée de la Société Archéologique (63)415Cataract needle…At the Museo Nazionale Romano (70) (Figure 9)…purchased by S. Holth in Oslo in 1918/19. (73) (item 23) Table 2Colors of the pupil and entoptic phenomena in Su?rutasa?hitā Uttaratantra, chapter 7, and A??ā?gasa?graha, Uttarasthana, chapter 15 (1)303Colors of the pupil and entoptic phenomena in Su?rutasa?hitā Uttaratantra, chapter 7, and A??ā?gasa?graha, Uttarasthana, chapter 15 (80)141-3Colors of the pupil and entoptic phenomena in Su?rutasa?hitā Uttaratantra, chapter 7, and A??ā?gasa?graha, Uttarasthana, chapter 15 (117)133-49Supplementary 2“…in the lens after closing the nostril of the opposite side.” (158)201“…be directed to sniff so as to destroy the phlegm of the lens.” (161)275“…closing the eye, take out the needle slowly by rotating it.” (140)261“…closing the nostril on the other side of the operated eye-ball."(100) 78“…is then removed by having the patient suck it into his nose.” (6)36-7“…blow so that kapha located in the region be eliminated.” (80)203-4“…puncturing is repeated after unction and sudation.” (80)204“…where the patient should suck it into his nose.” (6)38 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download