SYNOPSIS



RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE

ANNEXURE – II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

| | | |

|1. |Name of the candidate and address (in block letters) |GAYATHRI A. |

| | |UNITY COLLEGE OF NURSING, SHEDIGURI |

| | |DAMBEL ROAD |

| | |ASHOK NAGAR POST |

| | |MANGALORE-575006 |

| | | |

|2. |Name of the Institution |UNITY ACADEMY OF EDUCTION |

| | |COLLEGE OF NURSING, SHEDIGURI |

| | |DAMBEL ROAD |

| | |ASHOK NAGAR POST |

| | |MANGALORE-575006 |

| | | |

|3. |Course of Study and Subject |M. Sc. NURSING |

| | |PAEDIATRIC NURSING |

| | | |

|4. |Date of Admission to the Course |30.07.2011 |

| | |

|5. |Title of the study |

| | |

| |EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON PRACTICE REGARDING HOME MANAGEMENT OF |

| |ADENOTONSILLITIS AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDERFIVE CHILDREN IN SELECTED URBAN AREAS OF MANGALORE. |

|6. |Brief resume of the intended work |

| |6.1 Introduction |

| |The tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue located in the pharyngeal cavity. There are two pairs of tonsils namely pharyngeal tonsil |

| |(adenoids), tubal tonsil, palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil. Their function is to filter and protect the respiratory and alimentary tracts|

| |from invasion by pathogenic organism. They also have a role in antibody formation1. |

| |Although the size of tonsils varies, children generally have much larger tonsils than the adolescents or adults. These differences |

| |thought to be protective mechanism at a time of upper respiratory tract infection. Tonsillitis may be characterized by swelling within |

| |the tonsils, which become red and inflamed and may even show a surface coating white spots2. |

| |Some children seem to be more prone to developing tonsillitis as often as five or six times a year. The tonsils can also trap food |

| |particles in small enfolding called crypts, which only results in prolonged infection. In addition to antibiotic therapy home care |

| |management can help the child in relieving the discomfort due to symptoms.1 |

| |6.2 Need for the study |

| |Tonsillitis is a common illness in childhood resulting from pharyngitis. Person of any sex and age may fall victim to bacterial |

| |infection leading to tonsillitis. But tonsillitis is most common in children. It is a common condition; with nearly all children |

| |becoming infected at least once2. |

| |About 30 million children develop tonsillitis with frequent exposure to bacterial and viral infections. About one out of ten children |

| |visit doctor for tonsillitis in each year. The rise in incidence of tonsillectomy is one of the major phenomenon, around 200,000 |

| |tonsillectomies are done annually in India3. Recurrent sore throat or tonsillitis has an incidence in general practice in the UK of 100 |

| |per 1000 population a year. Acute tonsillitis more common in childhood.4 |

| |A comparative study of bacteriology in recurrent tonsillitis among children and adults says that the diagnosis and treatment of acute |

| |tonsillitis are one of the most common |

| |problems seen at an otolaryngology clinic in both adult and paediatric population. Some of these patients will undergo tonsillectomy. |

| |Tonsillectomy is the commonest surgical procedure in children. About 800,000 tonsillectomies were performed per annum in USA about |

| |66,350 England.5 |

| |The children will have many difficulties with tonsillitis such as sore throat, fever, bad breath, difficulty in swallowing, and swollen |

| |glands in the front of the neck, obstruction to breathing, snoring and disturbed sleep pattern.6 |

| |The commonest cause of adenotonsillitis is infection of the tonsils by micro-organisms. Certain bacteria (most common being the |

| |streptococcal group of bacteria), viruses, and allergens are known to produce tonsillitis. Allergens are usually in the form of certain |

| |food articles. Common food particles that can trigger tonsillitis are artificially coloured sweets, sour fruits, bananas, preservatives |

| |added to certain drinks, cold food or drinks, ice-creams, etc. Environmental factors that may trigger an attack of tonsillitis on |

| |exposure to excessive cold weather, damp climate or change of weather. Bacteria and viruses tend to flourish in crowded areas and hence |

| |children who are prone to tonsillitis can easily catch the infection in schools, parks, theatres, etc. All these factors contribute to |

| |lowering the immunity of the body. Chronic tonsillitis has a genetic tendency. Recurrent tonsillitis is frequent in children whose |

| |parents have also suffered from the same condition during childhood or adolescence.6 |

| |There are many home remedies for tonsillitis which give relief from the various symptoms of tonsillitis which is easily accessible in |

| |the home care situations Some of the effective natural cure includes lime juice with honey, milk mixed with a pinch of turmeric powder |

| |and pepper powder, juices of carrot, beetroot, and cucumber, taken individually or in combination are especially beneficial. Banafsha |

| |flower boiled in milk, fenugreek seed gargle ,saline gargle , chamomile tea along with honey and lemon, purified alum can be used |

| |gargling or powdered alum can be applied over the tonsils to reduce the inflammation or fruit diet, water and orange juice combination |

| |is recommended.7 |

| |One can also try to get rid of tonsil stones naturally with home remedies. Surgical removal of the tonsils should however be reserved as|

| |last resort when there is no other treatment option available as the tonsils are an important part of our immune system. In the |

| |past, removal of the tonsils through surgery was quite a common practice, but this is not so common any more. Tonsil removal surgery is |

| |now only performed in individuals who suffer recurrent and frequent infections of tonsillitis or tonsil stones and when the condition |

| |does not respond to any form of tonsillitis treatment or if there is any kind of serious risk of complications developing8. This becomes|

| |a strong reason for the health care system to move towards home care, early detection and prevention .The investigator assumes that |

| |mothers of underfive are far more likely to be managing their children than health care professionals. Most of the mothers are having |

| |less knowledge on home remedies for tonsillitis and hence the investigator felt a need to assess the effectiveness of individual video |

| |assisted teaching programme on level of knowledge on practice regarding home management of adenotonsillitis among mothers of underfive |

| |children. |

| |6.3 Review of literature |

| |Literature review is a compilation of resources that provides the ground work for further research practice. When the researcher is able|

| |to find the right number of quality resource articles to guide the study a doorway is opened. |

| |The literature reviewed has been organized under the following headings. |

| |Prevalence and incidence of adenotonsillitis |

| |Predisposing factors and causes of adenotonsillitis |

| |Complications of adenotonsillitis. |

| |Home remedies related with management of adenotonsillitis |

| |Prevalence and incidence of adenotonsillitis |

| |A comparative study of bacteriology in recurrent tonsillitis among children and adults says that the diagnosis and treatment of acute |

| |tonsillitis are one of the most common problems seen at an otolaryngology clinic in both adult and paediatric population. Some of these |

| |patients will undergo tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is the commonest surgical procedure in children. About 800,000 tonsillectomies were |

| |performed per annum in USA about 66,350 England.8 |

| |Nearly all children in the United States experience at least one episode of tonsillitis. Pharyngitis accompanies many upper respiratory |

| |tract infections. Between 2.5% and 10.9% of children may be defined as carriers. The mean prevalence of carrier status of school |

| |children for group A Streptococcus, a cause of tonsillitis, was 15.9% in one study. Children accounted for approximately one third of |

| |45,000 peritonsillar abscess episodes estimated by Herzon et al to occur in the United States in 1995. Recurrent tonsillitis was |

| |reported in 11.7% of Norwegian children in one study and estimated in another study to affect 12.1% of Turkish children. A family |

| |history of atopy and of tonsillectomy may predict the occurrence of tonsillitis in their children.1 |

| |A study was carried out among 400 school children aged 10-16 of Ulaanbaatar city in order to determine the prevalence of the |

| |streptococcal tonsillitis, rheumatic fever and cardiovascular disease cause by rheumatic fever to identify the presence of |

| |pharyngotonsillities related with the B-haemolytic of A group among the children in school which is located in the centre of Ulaanbaatar|

| |city. The prevalence of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis was 15,08%. The research among the school children of "ger" or tent district |

| |school to analyze the streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis was 50.25%. The half of children in suburban district has a streptococcal |

| |pharyngotonsillitis due to the treatments insufficiently contact to doctor (53.5%) when they having sore throats and infecting of |

| |streptococcus.Also can be influenced to the suburban area, living condition, social level, and parent's education.9 |

| |Predisposing factors and causes of adenotonsillitis |

| |A study conducted on “Vitamin D and tonsil disease-preliminary observations” based on the objectives to estimate the prevalence of |

| |vitamin D deficiency among children having adenotonsillitis. The study concluded that seventy eight percent of children having |

| |adenotonsillitis had a 25(OH) vitamin D level ................
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