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DAILY LANGUAGE REVIEW HELPFUL HINTSMONDAY VERBALS. Verbals are words that are formed from verbs, but these words function as another part of speech (noun, adjective, or adverb).GERUNDS: A gerund is a verbal ending in –ing that functions as a NOUN.EX: Running keeps me in great shape.PARTICIPLES: A participle is a verbal that is used as an ADJECTIVE and usually ends in –ing or –ed.EX: The screaming baby finally fell asleep.EX: The defeated team sulked off the field.INFINITIVES: An infinitive is a verbal that can be used as a NOUN, ADJECTIVE, or ADVERB. Infinitives are easier to find because the pattern is to + verb. The function is trickier!EX: He likes to run. (noun)EX: He is looking for a marathon to run. (adjective)EX: He paid to run in the marathon. (adverb)WORD CONNOTATION (Part 1). Connotation is the feeling or attitude a word creates. Words can have a similar denotation (dictionary meaning), but they can have positive or negative connotation. For example, persistent and stubborn have a similar denotation, but persistent is generally meant as a positive description while stubborn is more negative.For this question, mark the most positive connotation with +, the most negative with -, and the most neutral with *.WORD CONNOTATION (Part 2). Choose the word that best completes the sentence based on your previous assessment of the connotation. Use your context clues to help you decide the tone of the sentence.CONTEXT CLUES. When you read, sometimes you come to a word you don’t recognize. Start to figure out the meaning of the word using context clues (other information in the sentence) to help decode the meaning. Look up the word in the dictionary to compare your definition. SYNONYMS. Circle the word that is a synonym (similar). You may need a dictionary if you don’t know what the word means. Reminder: a synonym is always the same part of speech as the original word.TUESDAYACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE. Decide if the sentence is ACTIVE or PASSIVE. Rewrite the sentence in the OPPOSITE voice.Active: the subject is doing the actionPassive: the subject has something done to itQUICK TIP: If you can add the phrase “by zombies” after the verb AND it makes sense, it is passive. SPELLING. This one is easy! Find the misspelled word, and spell it correctly. You can use a dictionary.GREEK AND LATIN ROOTS/AFFIXES (Part 1). Based on the meaning provided for the root and affix, decide the meaning of the word. This is your definition. AFTER YOU HAVE YOUR DEFINITION, look up the word in the dictionary. Write the dictionary definition.GREEK AND LATIN ROOTS/AFFIXES (Part 2). Find FIVE words that contain the root or affix from the previous question. You may be able to come up with some on your own, but you will likely need the dictionary or internet to help you.ANALOGIES. Analogies show relationships between words. Use the types listed below to help you.FUNCTION ~ microwave : heat :: helmet : protectThe function of a microwave is to heat. :: The function of a helmet is to protect.DEGREE ~ fascinating : interesting :: critical : importantSomething that is fascinating is very interesting. :: Something that is critical is very important.LACK ~ dishonest : integrity :: hateful : peaceA dishonest person lacks integrity. :: A hateful person lacks peace.CHARACTERISTIC ~ sandpaper : course :: crime : illegalA characteristic of sandpaper is to be course. :: A characteristic of crime is to be illegal.TYPE/KIND/CATEGORY ~ flute : instrument :: banana : fruitA flute is a type of instrument. :: A banana is a type of fruit.PART-TO-WHOLE ~ nose : face :: buckle : beltA nose is a part of a face. :: A buckle is a part of a belt.DEFINITION (SYNONYM OR ANTONYM) ~ bargain : deal :: imaginary : pretendA synonym for bargain is deal. :: A synonym for imaginary is pretend.WEDNESDAYVERB MOODS. In order to select the correct verb mood, you need to know the moods of verbs.INDICATIVE: Indicative is the most common verb mood. It states an opinion or fact.EX: My favorite color is green.IMPERATIVE: Imperative mood states a command or a request. Most of the time, the subject is understood you.EX: Come here.INTERROGATIVE: Interrogative mood indicates a state of questioning. The subject-verb order is inverted. Also look for a question mark.EX: Have you completed all of your homework?CONDITIONAL: This verb mood indicates a conditional state that will cause something to happen. Key words are if, when, might, could, would.EX: If you budget your money, you might to able to buy new clothes and go to the movie.SUBJUNCTIVE: Subjunctive mood expresses doubt, desire, hypothetical or imaginary situations, or conditions contrary to fact. Key verbs are prefer, insist, require, ask, hope, wish, suggest, recommend. You will notice the verbs may seem “off.”EX: I wish I were taller. (“I was” became “I were.”)EX: I suggest that Earl work with a tutor. (“Earl works” becomes “Earl work.”)PRROFREADING. Correct the errors in the sentence. Rewrite the sentence correctly.VOCABULARY USE. Based on the meaning of the word provided, select the correct context for use. You may need to look up the meaning of the word in the dictionary if you aren’t MAS, DASHES, & PARENTHESES. Commas, dashes, and parentheses are all used to create a pause in MAS: The sentences that require commas fall under these situations:To separate items in a seriesTo signal conjunctions in a sentenceTo organize character dialogueTo separate coordinate adjectivesTo set off an introductory elementDASHES: Dashes are most appropriate for abrupt breaks in thought or speech. They can also be used to indicate an unfinished thought or sentence.PARENTHESES: Use parentheses to enclose material that is added to a sentence but is not considered to be of major importance.ANTONYMS. Circle the word that is an antonym(opposite). You may need a dictionary if you don’t know what the word means. Reminder: an antonym is always the same part of speech as the original word.THURSDAYCOMBINING SENTENCES. Your task is to rewrite the sentences provided as one correct sentence. Pay attention to shifts in verb mood and voice. Use correct punctuation and spelling.CORRECT SHIFTS IN MOOD AND VOICE. This sentence has a problem with voice (active/passive) or mood. Once you identify the error, correct the sentence and write the corrected sentence.MULTIPLE MEANING WORDS. Words can have multiple meanings. Decide on the correct meaning of the word based on its use in the sentence. VERBALS (again). Underline the verbal in the sentence. Identify the type (gerund, participle, infinitive) and function (noun, adjective, adverb). Refer to Monday question 1 if you need help.MORPHOLOGY. Break the word apart. A base can stand on its own. This will get easier if you pay attention to Tuesday question 3. ................
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