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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Beach holidays – relaxing on beach – water sports e.g. family |
| |holiday from UK to Spain |
|Define the following key terms: |Activity holidays – different challenges e.g. outdoor pursuits to |
|Beach holidays |attending painting course in Norfolk |
|Activity holidays |Short city breaks – travel to urban areas to enjoy heritage or |
|Short city breaks |cultural break e.g. London art galleries and museums |
|Health tourism |Health tourism – holiday and health treatment e.g. India for eye |
|Heritage & cultural tourism |surgery |
| |Heritage and cultural tourism – visit sites of national and world |
|Exam tip: Learn an example for each type of leisure break. |importance e.g. Hindu Temples, Sri Lanka (cultural) / Windsor castle|
| |(historical) |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Business trips – travelling to attend conferences and meetings |
| |Leisure trips – travelling for enjoyment |
|Define the following key terms: |Seasonal tourism – only take place at certain times of year e.g. |
|Business trips |summer beach holiday, UK |
|Leisure trips |Package holiday – price includes transport & accommodation |
|Seasonal tourism |All-inclusive – price includes transport, accommodation, food and |
|Package holidays |drink. |
|All-inclusive | |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Increase in leisure time due to greater holiday entitlement |
| |(increase in paid holiday - now 28 days a year) |
| |- Shorter working week (now between 35-40 hours on average) |
|Give examples of Social factors that have caused growth in the |- Ageing Population and early retirement with pensions - more time &|
|global tourism industry. |strength of grey pound! |
| |- Developments in communication systems / ICT - computer reservation|
| |systems - e.g. Galileo and Amadeus - enable tour operators to |
| |operate on world scale |
| |- Holidays booked using internet / call centre |
| |- New product innovations with changing fashions - e.g. DisneyLand |
| |Paris and new wedding packages / adventure holidays (i.e. more |
| |products for niche markets) |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Greater wealth - more disposable income (average annual wage |
| |increased - more money to spend on luxuries e.g. tourism) |
|Give examples of Economic factors that have caused growth in the |- Fewer children - now only 1.8 - & two income families -double wage|
|global tourism industry. |earners - more money to spend on luxuries |
| |- Minimum wage raised in 2008 (59% increase since introduction) - |
| |more people can afford holidays |
| |- Currency exchange fluctuations - e.g. 2007/2008 - $2 to £1 - so |
| |many UK visitors to the USA. Now weakening pound encouraged more to |
| |the UK |
| |- Transport - rise in budget airlines - e.g. Easyjet and cost of |
| |flying much less than used to be due to larger aircraft (economies |
| |of scale) |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Relaxation of borders of EU countries |
| |- Establishment of common EU currency - EURO (both have meant that |
|Give examples of Political Factors that have caused growth in the |more European tourists move freely between countries for weekend |
|global tourism industry. |breaks) |
| |- Change in politics of countries (e.g. iron curtain coming down) - |
| |many E European destinations - e.g. Budapest and Prague becoming |
| |popular |
| |- Stable governments |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |
| |- Bright blue sea - great for watersports |
|Give 3 physical attractions from the photograph opposite. |- Wide sandy beach - and shallow area of water close by - safer for |
| |families |
| |- Beautiful blue sky - suggests hot weather, ideal for sunbathing / |
| |enjoying beach. |
| |- Stunning scenery - mountains in background (good for walking.) |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |
| |- Hotels close to coast - likely to also be bars / restaurants here |
|Give 3 human attractions from the photograph opposite. |- all will have stunning views over the bay / beach |
| |- Hotels / Amenities close to beach for families |
| |- Tourist facilities on beach - e.g. sun loungers |
| |- Water sports - boats etc. |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- The Butler Model shows the stages through which tourists resorts |
| |go through as they develop as tourist destinations over time. These |
| |stages are: |
| |1. Exploration |
|What is the Butler Model? |2. Involvement |
| |3. Development |
|Name the stages of the model |4. Consolidation |
| |5. Stagnation |
| |6. Decline |
| |7. Rejuvenation |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Stage 1: Exploration |
| |- A small number of tourists visit |
| |- There are physical and cultural attractions |
| |E.g. Blackpool – 1735 – first guest house opened by Edward |
| |Whiteside. |
| | |
| |Stage 2: Involvement |
| |- Visitor numbers start to increase |
| |- Hotels are built & transport improved |
| |E.g. Blackpool – 1819 – Henry Banks opened the Lane’s End hotel + |
| |1846 railway line completed. |
| | |
| |Stage 3: Development |
| |- Visitor numbers continue to increase |
| |- Some human attractions are built with host community more |
| |involved. |
|Examine how one named EU resort has changed during the stages of the|E.G. Blackpool – 1870 – Central pier with open-air dancing + |
|Butler model of resort development. |promenade opened to the south linking different areas. |
| | |
| |Stage 4: Consolidation |
| |- Visitor numbers increase though not as quickly |
|Exam hint: This is usually a 6 mark question (+ 4 for SPaG). You |- Most people work and rely on tourist industry |
|MUST be able to DEFINE ALL stages of the model and give |E.g. Blackpool – 1912 – Grand Theatre opened on Church Street and |
|PLACE-SPECIFIC DETAIL for FULL MARKS. |illuminations switched on. |
| | |
| |Stage 5: Stagnation |
| |- Visitor numbers are declining |
| |- Facilities run-down and impact on environment |
| |E.g. Blackpool – 1986 – Sandcastle (indoor swimming pool) & |
| |Blackpool Zoo opened though overall visitors declining. |
| | |
| |Stage 6: Decline |
| |- Tourist numbers decline rapidly |
| |- High unemployment |
| |E.g. Blackpool – 1987 – annual visits declined from 7.4 to 3.9 |
| |million |
| | |
| |Stage 6: Rejuvenation |
| |- Large investment to improve and update facilities |
| |E.g. Blackpool – 2004 – 11 million visited. Local economy |
| |diversified with new Business Park adjacent to Blackpool airport and|
| |close to M55. |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Direct impacts – impacts that have an immediate impact |
| |Indirect impacts – impacts that causes changes over time. |
| |Multiplier effect – tourist dollars circulate around the local |
|Define the following key terms: |economy e.g. $500 spent on hotel room; re-spent by hotel on food |
|Direct impacts |from farmer; re-spent by farmer on supplies. This can become a |
|Indirect impacts |negative multiplier effect if tourist dollars decline. |
|Multiplier effect |Leakage – money lost from the economy. E.g. Multinational hotel |
|Leakage |chains – Hilton group – 70% of profits in Thailand are leaked to |
| |headquarters in USA. |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |HIC – Malham, Yorkshire Dales National Park, UK |
| |(+) More frequent bus services to Skipton in summer months as |
| |tourists use it. |
| |(-) Second homes = only lived in part of the year = do not support |
| |local shops, schools or services. |
|Explain the social impacts (effects) of tourism | |
| |LIC – The Maldives islands in the Indian Ocean |
|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) |(+) Tourist money used to improve education and services for local |
|impacts for at least 2 case studies |people (multiplier effect) |
| |(-) Enclave resorts – tourists only mix with local people employed |
| |in the resort. Employees may not see their families on the ‘home |
| |islands’ (where tourists are not allowed) for long periods of time. |
| | |
| |MIC – Dubai (Arab country in Middle East) |
| |(+) Many western business people now travel to Dubai for |
| |conferences. |
| |(-) Not following local moral & cultural codes e.g. clothing and no |
| |form of contact in public places |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |(+): |
| |- Cyprus in Mediterranean (HIC) = 20% GDP from tourism = multiplier |
| |effect from tourist money spent on accommodation, food & drink |
| |- Machu Picchu, Peru (MIC) = $40 million per year for Peruvian gov’t|
|Explain the economic impacts (effects) of tourism |- Zanzibar (LIC), island off east coast of Africa = $220 million per|
| |year from tourism |
|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) | |
|impacts for at least 2 case studies |(-): |
| |Leakage – money lost from the economy. E.g. Multinational hotel |
| |chains – Hilton group – 70% of profits in Thailand are leaked to |
| |headquarters in USA. |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD |(+): |
| |The environmental impacts of tourism at Lulworth Cove in Dorset have|
| |been minimised by the use of tourist money. |
| |- People pay to park their cars at Lulworth Cove. This money has |
| |been used to build a heritage centre which teaches the tourists |
| |about the area. It has also been used to improve the signage and to |
|Explain the environmental impacts (effects) of tourism |re-lay the footpaths which had become worn due to the sheer numbers |
| |of tourists that use them. |
|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) | |
|impacts for at least 2 case studies |(-): |
| |The enclave resorts on the Maldives have caused problems for the |
| |coral reefs that surround them in a number of ways. |
| |- There has been a decrease in fish numbers and species. This is due|
| |to the environmental problems caused by tourism, such as sewage |
| |disposal and the tourists themselves swimming close to the coral |
| |reef. |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |
| |1.Eco-tourism - is a form of tourism in which the environmental |
|1. What is meant by Eco-tourism? |impact is minimised and benefits are brought to the local area and |
|2. Give a named example of an eco-tourist destination and location. |its community. |
| | |
| |2."Footsteps" - is an eco-tourist destination in "The Gambia" – West|
| |Africa |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |
| |- Main source of electricity - SOLAR POWER (renewable source - so no|
| |CO2 emissions and minimises impact on global warming |
| |- Composting toilets (use no water - no water waste) - harmful |
| |substances removed and waste used as compost |
| |- Water comes from tubewells and stored in water tanks. 'Grey Water'|
|Give 4 ways in which ecotourism at "Footsteps" (an eco-tourist |from baths / sinks is filtered and used to grow fruit / veg |
|destination in The Gambia) helps to protect the environment. |- Water for showers heated in coil of black pipe in roof - heated by|
| |sun and lasts approx 5 mins (reduces water wastage) |
| |- Building materials - all locally sourced |
| |- Vegetables & fruit grown on site - e.g. banana trees outside each |
| |hut, cashew, papaya, mango etc. |
| | |
|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |
|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |
| |- Locals earn money from selling local crafts - e.g. demonstrations |
| |by local women on creating 'tie-dye' and batik. On site craft shops |
| |sells local crafts and these are promoted to guests - 20% of profits|
|Give 4 ways in which ecotourism at "Footsteps" (an eco-tourist |goes to local community |
|destination in The Gambia) helps to benefit the locals. |- Local craftsmen were employed to make furniture for "Footsteps" |
| |- All 22 staff are employed from local village of Gunjur and are |
| |paid for the whole year (rather than only seasonally) |
| |- Training and career development is given for employees |
| |- Employees have medical and dental care provided |
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