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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Beach holidays – relaxing on beach – water sports e.g. family |

| |holiday from UK to Spain |

|Define the following key terms: |Activity holidays – different challenges e.g. outdoor pursuits to |

|Beach holidays |attending painting course in Norfolk |

|Activity holidays |Short city breaks – travel to urban areas to enjoy heritage or |

|Short city breaks |cultural break e.g. London art galleries and museums |

|Health tourism |Health tourism – holiday and health treatment e.g. India for eye |

|Heritage & cultural tourism |surgery |

| |Heritage and cultural tourism – visit sites of national and world |

|Exam tip: Learn an example for each type of leisure break. |importance e.g. Hindu Temples, Sri Lanka (cultural) / Windsor castle|

| |(historical) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Business trips – travelling to attend conferences and meetings |

| |Leisure trips – travelling for enjoyment |

|Define the following key terms: |Seasonal tourism – only take place at certain times of year e.g. |

|Business trips |summer beach holiday, UK |

|Leisure trips |Package holiday – price includes transport & accommodation |

|Seasonal tourism |All-inclusive – price includes transport, accommodation, food and |

|Package holidays |drink. |

|All-inclusive | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Increase in leisure time due to greater holiday entitlement |

| |(increase in paid holiday - now 28 days a year) |

| |- Shorter working week (now between 35-40 hours on average) |

|Give examples of Social factors that have caused growth in the |- Ageing Population and early retirement with pensions - more time &|

|global tourism industry. |strength of grey pound! |

| |- Developments in communication systems / ICT - computer reservation|

| |systems - e.g. Galileo and Amadeus - enable tour operators to |

| |operate on world scale |

| |- Holidays booked using internet / call centre |

| |- New product innovations with changing fashions - e.g. DisneyLand |

| |Paris and new wedding packages / adventure holidays (i.e. more |

| |products for niche markets) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Greater wealth - more disposable income (average annual wage |

| |increased - more money to spend on luxuries e.g. tourism) |

|Give examples of Economic factors that have caused growth in the |- Fewer children - now only 1.8 - & two income families -double wage|

|global tourism industry. |earners - more money to spend on luxuries |

| |- Minimum wage raised in 2008 (59% increase since introduction) - |

| |more people can afford holidays |

| |- Currency exchange fluctuations - e.g. 2007/2008 - $2 to £1 - so |

| |many UK visitors to the USA. Now weakening pound encouraged more to |

| |the UK |

| |- Transport - rise in budget airlines - e.g. Easyjet and cost of |

| |flying much less than used to be due to larger aircraft (economies |

| |of scale) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- Relaxation of borders of EU countries |

| |- Establishment of common EU currency - EURO (both have meant that |

|Give examples of Political Factors that have caused growth in the |more European tourists move freely between countries for weekend |

|global tourism industry. |breaks) |

| |- Change in politics of countries (e.g. iron curtain coming down) - |

| |many E European destinations - e.g. Budapest and Prague becoming |

| |popular |

| |- Stable governments |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |

| |- Bright blue sea - great for watersports |

|Give 3 physical attractions from the photograph opposite. |- Wide sandy beach - and shallow area of water close by - safer for |

| |families |

| |- Beautiful blue sky - suggests hot weather, ideal for sunbathing / |

| |enjoying beach. |

| |- Stunning scenery - mountains in background (good for walking.) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |

| |- Hotels close to coast - likely to also be bars / restaurants here |

|Give 3 human attractions from the photograph opposite. |- all will have stunning views over the bay / beach |

| |- Hotels / Amenities close to beach for families |

| |- Tourist facilities on beach - e.g. sun loungers |

| |- Water sports - boats etc. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |- The Butler Model shows the stages through which tourists resorts |

| |go through as they develop as tourist destinations over time. These |

| |stages are: |

| |1. Exploration |

|What is the Butler Model? |2. Involvement |

| |3. Development |

|Name the stages of the model |4. Consolidation |

| |5. Stagnation |

| |6. Decline |

| |7. Rejuvenation |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Stage 1: Exploration |

| |- A small number of tourists visit |

| |- There are physical and cultural attractions |

| |E.g. Blackpool – 1735 – first guest house opened by Edward |

| |Whiteside. |

| | |

| |Stage 2: Involvement |

| |- Visitor numbers start to increase |

| |- Hotels are built & transport improved |

| |E.g. Blackpool – 1819 – Henry Banks opened the Lane’s End hotel + |

| |1846 railway line completed. |

| | |

| |Stage 3: Development |

| |- Visitor numbers continue to increase |

| |- Some human attractions are built with host community more |

| |involved. |

|Examine how one named EU resort has changed during the stages of the|E.G. Blackpool – 1870 – Central pier with open-air dancing + |

|Butler model of resort development. |promenade opened to the south linking different areas. |

| | |

| |Stage 4: Consolidation |

| |- Visitor numbers increase though not as quickly |

|Exam hint: This is usually a 6 mark question (+ 4 for SPaG). You |- Most people work and rely on tourist industry |

|MUST be able to DEFINE ALL stages of the model and give |E.g. Blackpool – 1912 – Grand Theatre opened on Church Street and |

|PLACE-SPECIFIC DETAIL for FULL MARKS. |illuminations switched on. |

| | |

| |Stage 5: Stagnation |

| |- Visitor numbers are declining |

| |- Facilities run-down and impact on environment |

| |E.g. Blackpool – 1986 – Sandcastle (indoor swimming pool) & |

| |Blackpool Zoo opened though overall visitors declining. |

| | |

| |Stage 6: Decline |

| |- Tourist numbers decline rapidly |

| |- High unemployment |

| |E.g. Blackpool – 1987 – annual visits declined from 7.4 to 3.9 |

| |million |

| | |

| |Stage 6: Rejuvenation |

| |- Large investment to improve and update facilities |

| |E.g. Blackpool – 2004 – 11 million visited. Local economy |

| |diversified with new Business Park adjacent to Blackpool airport and|

| |close to M55. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |Direct impacts – impacts that have an immediate impact |

| |Indirect impacts – impacts that causes changes over time. |

| |Multiplier effect – tourist dollars circulate around the local |

|Define the following key terms: |economy e.g. $500 spent on hotel room; re-spent by hotel on food |

|Direct impacts |from farmer; re-spent by farmer on supplies. This can become a |

|Indirect impacts |negative multiplier effect if tourist dollars decline. |

|Multiplier effect |Leakage – money lost from the economy. E.g. Multinational hotel |

|Leakage |chains – Hilton group – 70% of profits in Thailand are leaked to |

| |headquarters in USA. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |HIC – Malham, Yorkshire Dales National Park, UK |

| |(+) More frequent bus services to Skipton in summer months as |

| |tourists use it. |

| |(-) Second homes = only lived in part of the year = do not support |

| |local shops, schools or services. |

|Explain the social impacts (effects) of tourism | |

| |LIC – The Maldives islands in the Indian Ocean |

|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) |(+) Tourist money used to improve education and services for local |

|impacts for at least 2 case studies |people (multiplier effect) |

| |(-) Enclave resorts – tourists only mix with local people employed |

| |in the resort. Employees may not see their families on the ‘home |

| |islands’ (where tourists are not allowed) for long periods of time. |

| | |

| |MIC – Dubai (Arab country in Middle East) |

| |(+) Many western business people now travel to Dubai for |

| |conferences. |

| |(-) Not following local moral & cultural codes e.g. clothing and no |

| |form of contact in public places |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |(+): |

| |- Cyprus in Mediterranean (HIC) = 20% GDP from tourism = multiplier |

| |effect from tourist money spent on accommodation, food & drink |

| |- Machu Picchu, Peru (MIC) = $40 million per year for Peruvian gov’t|

|Explain the economic impacts (effects) of tourism |- Zanzibar (LIC), island off east coast of Africa = $220 million per|

| |year from tourism |

|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) | |

|impacts for at least 2 case studies |(-): |

| |Leakage – money lost from the economy. E.g. Multinational hotel |

| |chains – Hilton group – 70% of profits in Thailand are leaked to |

| |headquarters in USA. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD |(+): |

| |The environmental impacts of tourism at Lulworth Cove in Dorset have|

| |been minimised by the use of tourist money. |

| |- People pay to park their cars at Lulworth Cove. This money has |

| |been used to build a heritage centre which teaches the tourists |

| |about the area. It has also been used to improve the signage and to |

|Explain the environmental impacts (effects) of tourism |re-lay the footpaths which had become worn due to the sheer numbers |

| |of tourists that use them. |

|Exam hint: You must know both the positive (+) and negative (-) | |

|impacts for at least 2 case studies |(-): |

| |The enclave resorts on the Maldives have caused problems for the |

| |coral reefs that surround them in a number of ways. |

| |- There has been a decrease in fish numbers and species. This is due|

| |to the environmental problems caused by tourism, such as sewage |

| |disposal and the tourists themselves swimming close to the coral |

| |reef. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |

| |1.Eco-tourism - is a form of tourism in which the environmental |

|1. What is meant by Eco-tourism? |impact is minimised and benefits are brought to the local area and |

|2. Give a named example of an eco-tourist destination and location. |its community. |

| | |

| |2."Footsteps" - is an eco-tourist destination in "The Gambia" – West|

| |Africa |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |

| |- Main source of electricity - SOLAR POWER (renewable source - so no|

| |CO2 emissions and minimises impact on global warming |

| |- Composting toilets (use no water - no water waste) - harmful |

| |substances removed and waste used as compost |

| |- Water comes from tubewells and stored in water tanks. 'Grey Water'|

|Give 4 ways in which ecotourism at "Footsteps" (an eco-tourist |from baths / sinks is filtered and used to grow fruit / veg |

|destination in The Gambia) helps to protect the environment. |- Water for showers heated in coil of black pipe in roof - heated by|

| |sun and lasts approx 5 mins (reduces water wastage) |

| |- Building materials - all locally sourced |

| |- Vegetables & fruit grown on site - e.g. banana trees outside each |

| |hut, cashew, papaya, mango etc. |

| | |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|A TOURIST’S WORLD | |

| |- Locals earn money from selling local crafts - e.g. demonstrations |

| |by local women on creating 'tie-dye' and batik. On site craft shops |

| |sells local crafts and these are promoted to guests - 20% of profits|

|Give 4 ways in which ecotourism at "Footsteps" (an eco-tourist |goes to local community |

|destination in The Gambia) helps to benefit the locals. |- Local craftsmen were employed to make furniture for "Footsteps" |

| |- All 22 staff are employed from local village of Gunjur and are |

| |paid for the whole year (rather than only seasonally) |

| |- Training and career development is given for employees |

| |- Employees have medical and dental care provided |

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