Muslim Civilization
Muslim Civilization WORLD HISTORY NOTES DATE:______________
“It was a religion that launched an empire.”
The Arabian Peninsula
➢ The _______________________ is a harsh and with vast desert interior.
o People lived as ____________________________________________________.
▪ Each tribe had a different polytheistic god or deity.
▪ ________________________________________________
If people can’t farm they have to ___________…
➢ On the route of the Silk Road
➢ Traded: Horses, Thoroughbred Camels, Ostriches, & Tanned Hides
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
➢ On the Arabian Peninsula, Bedouin (Arab Nomad) tribes organize into clans. Their Ideals of courage and loyalty to family would become part of culture.
➢ By the 600’s trade routes connected Arabs to the major ocean and land trade routes. Trade was extended as far as the silk road would allow.
➢ Mecca
o Home of the ancient shrine called the Ka’aba (supposedly built by Abraham).
o The building was used for a peace meeting between different clans/tribes. It also housed a rock from the sky (meteorite)
o Muhammad was born here in AD 570.
The Prophet Muhammad
➢ Born into a powerful Meccan family.
o He became an orphan by age four, and his uncle (the clan/tribe leader) raised him.
o He married a wealthy merchant.
o Around the age of 40, he believed that he received a call from the Angel Gabriel to proclaim him the messenger of Allah.
Basis of Islam
➢ Islam originated in the Middle East around ______________ with the Prophet, Muhammad.
➢ Muhammad was born in Mecca and traveled to Medina in a journey called the ____________________, that became the founding of Islam.
➢ Muslim worshippers follow scriptures called the Qur'an, or Koran. The collection of Islamic laws is also known as the Sharia.
A religion emerges…Islam
➢ Muhammad the Messenger
o Prophet of Islam who Muslims-(those who surrender to God) recognize as Allah’s messenger to all humankind. __________________________________________________.
o Muhammad’s Revelations
▪ “Allah was the one and only true and all-powerful God.”
▪ (Guidelines) How people should live.
➢ Muhammad’s teachings get him in trouble with local leaders so he moved to Medina.
The Hijrah
➢ After some of his followers were attacked, Muhammad leaves Mecca for a city called Yathrib, 200 miles north. _____________________________________________________. The conservative Meccan authority believed that Muhammad’s radical ideals would changed their way of life.
Return to Mecca
➢ 630 – Muhammad returns to Mecca with an army of 10,000 men.
➢ Mecca surrenders, Muhammad destroys the idols in the Ka’aba.
➢ Muhammad dies at the age of 62.
Islamic Guidelines
➢ Forbidden to eat pork
➢ No alocholic beverages
➢ Must wash themselves before prayer (must be pure before praying to God)
➢ Prohibition of murder, lying, and stealing
➢ Jihad- struggle for the faith
o Islam views Christianity has taken the wrong path because we worship Jesus.
Sunna and Sharia
(Legal & Ethical Systems)
➢ Sharia
o __________________ that reflects the various rules by which all Muslims should live.
➢ Sunna
o __________________
o Includes hundreds of individual lessons or reports on Muhammad's actions.
People of the Book
➢ Christianity, Judaism, & Islam are all monotheistic.
o “The Qur’an teaches that Allah is the same as God in the Jewish and Christian traditions.
Spread of Islam
➢ Muhammad dies in 632 and many question who should follow him.
o Abu Bakr- chosen as _________________________________
o _______________- area ruled by a caliph
➢ Expansion of territory included:
o Persian Empire (642 AD) completely crushed
o Byzantine Empire (642 AD) – Eastern half of Roman Empire, conquered only some of the territory.
Islamic Schism
➢ Islamic faith splits as a result of Umayyad rule.
o The majority accepted them (___________, followers of Muhammad’s example)
o The group that resisted was called the __________ who believed that the Caliph (ruler) needed to be _________________________.
o ____________ is a third group *very small*
o Seek a mystical, personal connection with God.
o Breath Control & Meditation
Umayyads Caliphate
➢ The Umayyad family comes to power and moves the Muslim capital to Damascus.
o The move away from Mecca makes controlling conquered territories easier but the old order hates the move and fears it to far from the holy land.
o _________________________________.
o _________________________________.
o Question: The Umayyad family was not descended from the Prophet, backed by which side? ---
Abbasids Caliphate
➢ ________________________________________________________.
o One member of the Umayyad family escapes to Spain and sets up a Caliphate in Spain.
➢ The Abbasids consolidate power by moving to a new, central city called Baghdad the location was GEOGRAPHICALLY important!
o Center of trade routes.
➢ Mongols end this caliphate
Fatimid Caliphate (909 – 1171 AD)
➢ The Fatimid caliphate was set up by Shi’a Muslims who claim lineage from ____________________________________________________.
o The empire would stretch from North Africa across the Red Sea to western Arabia and Syria.
Muslim Society
➢ Man is head of the family
o __________________________________________________. (Can’t favor a certain wife although it did happen.)
➢ Women had equal status regarding the laws.
o Could inherit property and seek divorce.
o _________________________________________________.
▪ Covered faces
▪ Secluded to a harem
Muslim Achievements
➢ Astronomy and Mathematics
o ___________________- an instrument fore finding the positions and movements of stars and planets.
▪ _______________________________________________.
➢ Medicine (Early eye surgery)
➢ Islamic Art (Calligraphy- beautifully styled writing)
➢ Architecture
o (____________________________)
▪ One of the most revered sites
▪ Located in Jerusalem
▪ Spot were Muhammad ascended to heaven
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