LEVEL ONE



|PROFICIENCY LEVEL THREE |PO: PROPULSION |

PO/EO: 416.02

ENABLING OBJECTIVE: Identify engine instruments.

REFERENCE(S): A. A-CR-CCP-268/PH-001 Level Three Course Training Plan

Chapter 4, Pages 103-106.

B. A-CR-CCP-268/PT-001 Level Three Handbook

Chapter 9, Section 7, Articles 41-42, Pages 13-18.

C. A-CR-CCP-263/PT-001 From the Ground Up,

Pages 72-74.

SUPPLEMENTARY REF(S): N/A

TRAINING AID(S): A. OHP

B. OHP Slides

C. Aircraft Instruments (if available)

LEARNING AID(S): A. A-CR-CCP-268/PT-001 Level Three Handbook

TEACHING POINT(S): A. The oil pressure gauge

B. The oil temperature

C. The cylinder head temperature gauge

D. The carburetor air temperature gauge

E. The outside air temperature gauge

F. The tachometer

G. The manifold pressure gauge

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: Lecture

TIME: 1 x 35-minutes

|PROFICIENCY LEVEL THREE |PO: PROPULSION |

PO/EO: 416.02

ENABLING OBJECTIVE: Identify engine instruments.

|REVIEW |

PO/EO: 416.01

ENABLING OBJECTIVE: Explain Propellers

1. Review weaknesses of the last EOs performance check; and/or

2. Ask the following review questions:

a. How does a propeller work?

Answer: A propeller blade is an airfoil section, similar to the airfoil section of a wing. When a propeller starts rotating, it creates the same forces that are created when air flows over an aircraft wing: lift and drag. However, in the case of a propeller, these forces are designated as thrust and torque.

b. What is pitch?

Answer: The pitch is the forward distance traveled by the propeller in one revolution.

|INTRODUCTION |

WHAT: In this lesson you will learn about aircraft engine instruments.

WHY: Engine instruments indicate vital information to the pilot and therefore are an important safety factor.

WHERE: You can apply this knowledge when visiting an aerodrome for a facilities tour, at an air-show, during glider familiarization, or even while attending summer training.

|TIME |BODY |NOTES |

STAGE 1 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS

1. General:

a. An engine, whether it be that of a car or an aircraft, is a grouping of complex mechanical parts that are interrelated and from which we demand great power and efficiency. Sometimes, the demands made on each metal part cause overheating or an increase in pressure, indicating poor functioning.

b. Pilots have access to a series of dials that provide them with essential information regarding the engines status. Therefore, they

can monitor the engine so that they can quickly identify, assess and deal with any engine problems that occur

2. The Oil Pressure Gauge:

a. The oil pressure gauge is one of the principal engine instruments. It indicates the oil pressure supplied by the oil pump to lubricate the engine.

b. High oil pressure will force oil into the combustion chamber. There it will burn, causing a smoky exhaust, and badly carbonate piston heads, valve heads and cylinder heads.

c. If the pressure were permitted to drop low enough, there would be no film of oil between the working surfaces of the engine. Metal would be rubbing on metal causing extensive damage and possibly engine seizure.

3. The Oil Temperature Gauge:

a. The oil temperature gauge gives a reading of the temperature of the oil in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. The relationship between the oil temperature and oil pressure is critical.

b. Extremely low temperature is undesirable. Cold oil does not circulate freely and may cause scoring of the engine parts. Low temperature would be accompanied by a corresponding rise in pressure. It should always be remembered that oil, in addition to lubrication, acts as a coolant.

c. Extremely high temperature is also undesirable. High pressure is

usually accompanied by a drop in pressure. However, even when the pressure shows no marked change, increasing oil temperature is a warning of excessive friction or overload in the engine.

4. The Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge:

a. The cylinder head temperature gauge records the temperature of one (or more) of the cylinder heads.

b. This instrument gives a reasonably good indication of the effectiveness of the engine cooling system. High temperature decreases the strength of metals and can result in detonation, pre- ignition, and eventual engine failure.

5. The Carburetor Air Temperature Gauge:

a. The carburetor air temperature gauge may be installed to record the mixture temperature or to record the intake air temperature.

b. The carburetor air temperature gauge enables the pilot to maintain a temperature that will assure maximum operating efficiency and warn of icing conditions in the carburetor that may lead to engine failure.

CONFIRMATION STAGE 1

1. Confirm the cadets’ knowledge with OHPs from Stage 1.

STAGE 2 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS

1. The Outside Air Temperature Gauge:

a. The outside air temperature gauge records the ambient air temperature, that is, the temperature of the free air surrounding the aircraft.

b. The temperature recorded by the gauge enables the pilot to select the proper manifold pressure, to calculate the true airspeed and altitude and warn of conditions that may cause ice formation.

2. The Tachometer:

a. The tachometer is an instrument that shows the speed at which the engine crankshaft is turning in hundreds of revolutions per minute or rpm. The rpm is directly proportional to the power output of the engine.

b. On an aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller, the tachometer is the only instrument that displays information about engine power output.

3. The Manifold Pressure Gauge:

a. The manifold pressure gauge indicates, in inches of mercury, the pressure of the fuel/air mixture in the engine intake manifold at a point between the carburetor and the cylinders.

b. On aircraft fitted with a controllable pitch or constant speed pitch propeller, the tachometer and manifold pressure gauge are the two instruments that display information about engine power output.

CONFIRMATION STAGE 2

1. Confirm the cadets’ knowledge with OHPs from Stage 2.

|28 MINs | PERFORMANCE CHECK |

Test Details - Each cadet will have to identify each engine instrument.

1. Test knowledge with OHPs. They may be either projected or photocopied and distributed.

|33 MINs | CONCLUSION |

SUMMARY: A. In this lesson you have learned about aircraft engine instruments.

RE-MOTIVATION: A. Comment on student performance. (Identify strengths and points that

require improvement)

B. You can apply this knowledge when visiting an aerodrome for a facilities tour, at an air-show, during glider familiarization, or even while attending summer training.

C. Your next lesson is PO/EO 416.03. In this class you will learn about an aircraft’s fuel system.

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ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS

MASTER LESSON PLAN

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ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS

MASTER LESSON PLAN

OHP #1

OHP #1

5

MINs

OHP #2

OHP #3

OHP #2

OHP #3

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