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Unit 12 1.1:3 Media Products:Domics: The ReTales series and TheOdd1sOut: The Sooubway series (Video)Dominic Panganiban, born September 27th 1990, is a Filipino-Canadian YouTuber as well as an animator know for is YouTube channel called Domics; a portmanteau of Dom and Comics. Dom created the channel on the 11th August 2012 and as of May 2017 he has over 4 million subscribers and over 453 million video views. Dom specifically creates animated videos for his channel in which he depicts his life, experiences and his opinions on certain topics as well as fun anecdotes. He releases multiple videos every month, each accumulating anywhere from a million to 8 million views apiece, altogether Dom has posted over 125 videos to his channel. Domics is one of the most well know and popular animations channels on YouTube, his videos are of a high animation quality and enjoyable to watch. One of Dom’s more well know creations is his ReTales series, which is a series of videos about what he experienced while working in retail.To create his animations Dom uses a variety of different equipment and softwares. His laptop is a Sager NP8130 which is actually a laptop specifically geared towards gaming however Dom has stated that he likes to use it for his animations as well due to its clean design and good performance. To draw his animations he uses a YIYNOVA MSP19U tablet which costs roughly $600, he states he got it because it is a high quality tablet that is far more cost effective than some of the other tablets on market that can reach over $2000 in price. To record the audio for his videos Dom uses the Samson C03U Multi-Pattern USB Studio Condenser microphone. This microphone allows you to toggle between different input settings such as omni directional, uni directional, and lower the decibel levels for less noise etc. He chose this microphone to replace his old one because at $100 he felt it was worth the investment for the improved audio quality. As well as a regular microphone he also has a Nady MPF-6 pop filter which costs around $20, to minimize wind noise and sound distortion. When drawing to prevent smudging and decrease friction on the tablet he wears a nylon spandex smudge-guard which costs $15. To record audio he uses audacity recording software and the software used to draw the animations is Adobe Flash. For exporting his animations into a video format Dom uses two different softwares. The first is for when the video only require a quick export to video format, for this he uses Swivel which is a free SWF video exporter which can be downloaded online. The second software is Adobe Premiere Pro and is used for more complex edits to the animation and final video, this software however is not free and will need to be purchased.lefttopTheOdd1sOut: The Sooubway series.Robert James Rallison, born 14th May 1996, or James as he prefers to be called is an American webcomic artist and animator known for his successful online comic series as well as his animation channel on YouTube. Previously being a fairly small channel when he began in August of 2014, he quickly rose in popularity and now has over 3 million subscribers and nearly 400 million views on his channel. Like many other animators of YouTube, James creates fun relatable content for his viewers. His videos often consist of him telling stories about experiences he has had as well as his views and opinions on certain topics. His funny and upbeat attitude has made him an left42800increasingly popular content creator on the site and his videos are often featured amongst the top trending videos or creators on YouTube’s homepage. One of his most popular creations is his Sooubway series, in which he talks about his experiences working in the service industry, specifically at his Job at the restaurant chain Subway. For legal reasons in his videos he refers to the restaurant as Sooubway, and he has so far made three videos in the series with each video detailing different events that happened while he was working there.To help other aspiring comic artists and animators James has been very open with the equipment and software he uses to create his content. James uses a Yiynova MVP22U V3 tablet to draw both his comics and his animations as well as a smudge guard glove for when he is drawing so that he doesn’t cause any damage to the screen and so that it is easier for him to draw. He records his audio on a Shure SM7B microphone, although this piece of equipment is expensive at over $300 so he suggests you use a Blue Yeti microphone which costs less than $100. James has also made a point of telling people that if they cannot afford a Yiynova tablet that a Bamboo Create that costs roughly $100 might be a better option for beginners. To help improve the quality of his audio recordings James uses a Scarlett 2i4 Audio Interface and a device called a Cloudlifter that when connected to the preamp in his audio interface allows him to record at a much lower gain setting. This means the audio he records for his animation won’t be distorted by background noise or electrical buzz. Although he notes that where you record your audio is also very important, because recording in a noisy environment can result in poor audio quality. To edit all of his audio he uses a software called Audacity, which can be obtained online and because it is free its more cost effect than Adobe’s audio editing software. To draw his artwork James uses a software called Paint Tools Sai, which has both free and pay to use versions. It is a software that is mainly used for high quality detailed digital artwork so it may not be the best option for beginners who just want to create cartoon style comic strips. James doesn’t use any animation software as he says himself that his animation is of a very low level, he instead does all of his editing in Adobe Premiere Pro.Domics has cited the popular comic and animation series Cyanide and Happiness as one of his creative influences, with James citing Domics as one of his as well as another YouTube creator who produces animations called CaptainSparkles. With the exception of Cyanide and Happiness which is aimed towards a more mature audiences with the dark nature of their comics and animations, all of these channels produces family friendly entertaining content which is like by all ages. These channels have also served to influence new up and coming creators such as new YouTuber TimTom who has taken influences from Jame’s channel and art style to create his own unique animations. According to the job profile for animator on prospects.ac.uk the skills required to be a successful animator are; technical skills required when using computers, various animation and editing software, as well as being able to use drawing tablets. Other skills listed on the site are; artistic talent and a good eye for detail, as well as communication and storytelling skills, all of which are important when creating an interesting, eye-catching and successful animation. The more interesting and compelling the story the animation depicts, the more enjoyable it will be for the viewer. Independent animators will also need to be skilled in various other aspects of production besides the designs of the animations themselves. This includes being able to use audio and video editing software, this would include voice-overs as well as music. If a creator is recording their own voice for a project then they must have good communication skills, as they will need to be able to speak clearly so that the audience can understand what’s being said. They will also need to talk in an upbeat and interesting manner to keep the listeners attention, if the voice sounds dull and bored then the listener will also be bored. The ability to work with others and to take direction is also very important as animators working for larger companies will be required to work together with various people to complete projects. For example animation studios like Disney, DreamWorks and Pixar all have large teams of people working together to create animated films. Teams of writers, researchers, animators, directors and voice actors all have to work in unison to create a final product. When it comes to YouTube animators, they often collaborate with other creators, whether they’re well known or up and coming, working with other YouTubers can help creators become more well-known and reach wider audiences. It can also help to improve on an animators skills by learning form the others that they work with to improve the overall quality of their animations. also suggests that many of this skills are required to be an animator but this site also suggest that one needs good organisational skills to be successful. This is important as Independent creators (YouTube animators) will have to be able to manage their time carefully in order keep to a regular upload schedule, in order to maintain a supportive fan base. Animators will often have to work on numerous projects at once so having good organisation skills is important when managing tough workloads, they will also need to have the flexibility to switch between several projects at once.Audience profiling is incredibly important when creating a product for mass consumption, this include animators or artists who share their creations on the internet. If you are going to create a product you have to know who to apply it too. In comparison to each other both TheOdd1sOut and Domics produce similar content, that being comedic anecdotes about their lives. Although they have different animation styles with Dom’s character drawn to resemble him, James draws his character in his signature “marshmallow person” style. left27305007620067310Domics00Domics337185076835TheOdd1sOut00TheOdd1sOutright3873500However there style does differ from other animation creator on YouTube, for example the channel Tech Insider produces Informative, fact based videos to educate their viewers. Instead of using recurring characters like in Dom or James’ videos this channel simply animates the facts that the voice over is informing the audience of. This is evidenced in their video titled “This incredible animation shows how deep the ocean really is”, which depicts the depths of Earth’s oceans and interesting facts and information surrounding it. Animating factual videos is a great way of getting people, specifically children to learn important or useful information as it engages them in a way that simply reading it in a book may not. Despite the fact that TheOdd1sOut and Domics aren’t educational channels they are enjoyable and both reach considerably large audiences. Both channels are family friendly and pander to similar demographics which can be seen in the following images;Domics: TheOdd1sOut:31915101905000Again both channels maintain many similarities as the majority of both their audiences are male and most of their video views are from the North America, both channels also share a younger audience of being roughly between the ages of 13 and 24. Due to how culturally and ethnically diverse North America is it can be estimated that both their channels reach people of a variety of diverse backgrounds. From the data we can also tell the majority of James’ viewers do not have a college education, this could possibly be down to the fact that most of his views are quite young, however this could also mean that perhaps some of his viewers are from a lower economical background and cannot afford college, this is of course only my speculation as I cannot confirm it with the limited data.Overall TheOdd1sOut and Domics appeal to younger audiences because their content is relatable. Both the creators are young themselves and by sharing stories about school or first job experiences they pander to a specific demographic and are able to keep those young viewers entertained using a cartoon/comic book style of animations as it is visually engaging to a younger audience and a comedic up-beat narration that children can enjoy. The Production of the animation does depend on the creator but overall follows the same route. According to the BBC article titled “Ten tips for a great animation”, one should follow these steps to create a successful animated project:Gather as much information as you can‘When you're trying to imagine what the future will look like find all the information you can from sources such as books, magazines, films and documentaries.’ Make your content different‘There's no shortage of material about the future. It's better to make your content different from everything else, rather than making new content on the same theme.’ Make a story, not a description‘If what you make is just about the future and there's no story to it, that's a documentary not an animation. A story is a crucial element that can make your animation more original.’ Make it punchy‘However well-developed your story is it will go to waste if it can't be told in the 50-second running time. It is best to limit your story to about 20 cuts.’ Engage your audience‘A story should be something that people can easily identify with; if your story is hard to understand, people will not be able to engage with it.’Make it for children‘Animation itself isn't just for children, but it's a medium they're more familiar with so it's important to make a film that can be understood by both children and adults.’ Make use of your characters‘It can be a person, an animal or even a robot that you use to lead your story. The characters will act as a guide for the audience, leading them into the story and giving them a clearer understanding and greater emotional involvement with what is going on.’ Stay one step ahead of what the audience expects‘Your animation will appeal to the audience better if it draws them into an unexpected story with a twist that no-one could have predicted.’Humour works‘It's not so easy to touch the audience but we can make them laugh. Humour will give your audience a positive impression.’Sound effects‘Sound effects and a musical score can play an important role. Good sound effects can work harmoniously with the visuals, but be careful; using sound effects badly can create unwanted results - and for this competition any music must be your own creation.’This advice come from South Korea's award-winning animator Choi Jong-il who is perhaps most famous for creating Pororo, a cartoon penguin who has become one of the nation's most popular cultural exports, so much so that he even has his own theme park.To create a successful animations like James’ “Sooubway series” or Domics “ReTales series” it could be useful to follow Choi Jong-il’s advice when creating the product. Both James and Dom have stated that it takes multiple weeks to design, draw, record and edit their animations and upload them in a video format so they, and various other animators in their community on YouTube have worked out a system. Due to the fact that many of them share a similar if not the same audience and fan base, they upload their videos on alternate weeks to provide their viewers with as much content as possible. This is a good example of how teamwork is important as I previously mentioned, Although the creators are not specifically always working together on the production of their animations they have built a community through which working together and managing their own upload schedules they can provide as much enjoyable content to the viewers as possible there by expanding each individual channels audience. This can also be accomplished by collaborating with other creators, something James does quite often. By helping another creator with the production process of their videos whether that be drawing or colouring the artwork, voice-over narration, editing the animation or audio, it is a great way to build a community and strengthen the success of a product by reaching out to a larger audience and reducing production time.Sexism in the bar industry (Article)Liv Fleischhacker is a journalist based out of Berlin, Germany where she was born. A self-proclaimed avid traveller, she was raised bilingual speaking both German and English fluently which must have been useful when she studied at the University of the Arts in London. Liv works as a freelance writer, editor and translator and has worked on numerous collaborations and projects, such as when she guest stared on a German show called Abenteuer Leben t?glich (Adventure live daily) where she learned bake muffins and fry doughnuts from famed author and baker Cynthia Barcomi. Liv usually writes for websites and magazines like Vice Munchies, Mixology or Brew Berlin, where she writes about food, drink and their respective industries, however she is also the co-organiser of an event called “Nosh Berlin”, the first Jewish food week held in the city. The event isn’t solely about eating however as it includes cooking classes, meals, market stalls, demonstrations from professional chefs, film showings, music, traditional Shabbat dinners. The event is about showcasing contemporary Jewish cooking as well as embracing traditional food throughout Berlin to help bring the community together.Liv writes articles in both English and German so I had to translate some of her work during my research. While the majority of her articles are about food and drink throughout Berlin; all of which can be found linked on her website: , it was one article in particular that interested me, as it depicted the very real problem of sexism in the service industry. The article can be found on mixology’s website in both German and English.The article title “Sexism in the Bar Industry” is an informative and compelling read, when conducting my research I found that many articles only covered one aspect of sexism that women face in this industry, Liv’s article however covers several. From a lack of representation, to sexual harassment, to pay inequality this article cover every base in a clear and concise manner. The article isn’t too long so as to bore the reader, at just under 1400 words the article gets its point across quickly and clearly, but instead of it being a brief rant it is a genuinely interesting read. The article quotes facts and figures without being over-saturated with formal data, as well as including links to other articles and sources that support the writer’s hypothesis. This is something I very much enjoy about the article as it allows you to see other points of view on a certain topic and broaden your knowledge on the subject, it is also a clever way to include more information in an article with making it too long. For example instead of copying and pasting what the other article has to say, by instead mentioning and linking it within your own article you can reduce the amount of information included to avoid going over a specific word count. Also by linking another person’s article to your own you are allowing your audience to reach other writers and their audience to reach you, this not only helps to create a stronger community among journalists but helps to extent your target audience and demographic to places that may have not read you work otherwise. I also like the use of language in Liv’s writing, as she switches between formal speech and more colloquial language. This creates a blend between the two which I feel makes the articles more appealing. For example formal language can be seen as appealing to an older generation, combining that with the facts and figures included in her articles it can be geared towards and older target demographic. However by also including more colloquial language Liv can appeal to a younger audience, by also including images and links so that the reader can share the article onto various social media platforms this appeals to a young demographic. Combing all these aspects helps to widen her audience and insure more people read her work.The format of the article is also very important, as a messy article is difficult to read and understand and will not attract readers. If a photo is the first thing you see, it can set the tone for the whole article so choosing the right image is important, If an article is light hearted pairing a serious image with it wouldn’t be appealing. Liv chose to begin her article with an image; large, bold, relevant to the topic at hand, and eye-catching. The phot depicts a woman in a bar pouring a drink, the image is high quality and easy to see with subtle uses of bright colours to attract the readers attention. Directly below the image is the articles title: Sexism in the bar industry, in a large bold font so that it is clear and easy to read, as it is important that the title of the article is distinguishable from the rest of the text. Below that is the date the article was published, the author’s name, and a variety of social media links. Including social media links before the article itself is unique but also clever as it ensures that readers know that they have a simple and easy way of sharing the article with friends. If the links were instead at the end of the article if a reader didn’t continue reading until the end but still enjoyed the piece they wouldn’t know there was an option to distribute the article to others. Having the links at the beginning ensures that the thought is in the reader’s minds before they begin reading the article itself.Liv chose to include an introduction to her article, which can be useful and important as it allows the reader to get a sense of what the article is about without reading the entire piece. It allows readers to know whether or not they would be interested in something before taking the time to read all of it. By presenting the introduction in a slightly larger bold font it stands out and catches the reader’s attention. The rest of the article is comprised of small paragraphs separated by bold sub-headings used in this case to instigate a slight change in topic or to address a new issue. I find this makes the article easier to read as well as more aesthetically pleasing for the audience. Not all of Liv’s articles follow this way of formatting, for example her articled titled “Going White – How to Lose your Red Hair with Dignity” looks quite different. The article begins with a large bold title and the piece itself is made up of long, complex paragraphs, with several images placed sporadically throughout the article.Liv used a font called Avenir for her article which is a sans-serif typeface which is used in the city of Amsterdam as the principal typeface in its corporate identity, this makes the font very appealing as a more formal, professional typeface which could insinuate that the article is of a serious nature. However Avenir has also been the social media giant Snapchat’s main font as of early 2016, this makes the font familiar and appealing to a younger audience as 45% of Snapchat’s users are between the ages of 18 and 24, and 71% of all Snapchat users are under the age of 34. (Source - )Christina Katz published an article with writers digests on a six step plan detailing how to write a successful article. Researching and reading article like this can help improve your own writing, which is I why I included it within my research as I would like to create the best work possible for my FMP. STEP 1: SELECT YOUR TOPIC.‘Choose a topic that interests you enough to focus on it for at least a week or two. If your topic is broad, narrow it. Instead of writing about how to decorate your home, try covering how to decorate your home in country style on a shoestring budget. That’s more specific and, as such, easier to tackle.Then write a rough, rough draft, including everything you can think of. Stay loose, avoid getting analytical, and enjoy the process of sharing what you know. When you’re done, you’ll have the bare bones of an article that only you could write. Then put it aside for a while.’STEP 2: ADDRESS YOUR AUDIENCE’S NEEDS.‘Now, come back to your piece. Switch gears and imagine you’re the reader of this article. Pick three words to describe the audience you want to address (e.g., professionals, single men). As this reader, what questions would you like answered? You might not know the answers yet, but list the questions anyway; you’ll find answers in the next step.’STEP 3: RESEARCH.‘Research will ground your article in fact. Good details to include with your how-to are:StatisticsQuotes by well-known peopleDefinitionsAnecdotes (short, illustrative stories about yourself or someone else)Quotes and examples from people like the reader or from popular books on the subjectReferences to other media (film, television, radio)Helpful tools, resources or products (if many, consider creating a sidebar)References to local venues or events (if for a regional/local publication).Collect everything you have gathered and put it in a folder, an electronic document, a notebook or whatever you like. Don’t forget to keep track of sources in case you are later asked by an editor to verify them. You may want to sift through your research at a separate sitting from gathering it. Or just go ahead and sprinkle your research in right when you find it. It’s a lot like cooking—play around until you feel you have it “just right.”’STEP 4: TIGHTEN YOUR DRAFT.‘Keeping your audience in mind, write a tighter draft incorporating the new supporting information you’ve collected. Sometimes what you’ve learned in Steps 2 and 3 may compel you to start over with a completely fresh draft. Or you may just want to revise what you have as you proceed, retaining a nice conversational tone by directly addressing your audience.This time when you read your draft, ask yourself: Is it working? Is it too general, too lightweight, uninteresting, unclear or choppy? If so, comb some of your favourite publications for how-to articles. What techniques are those writers using that you might employ?’STEP 5: MAKE IT SPECIFIC.‘Double-check to see that you’ve included every pertinent step in the process. How-to articles have to be thorough. You want your reader to walk away knowing exactly how to make that Thanksgiving dinner on a shoestring budget, execute that rugby tackle or locate great accommodations.If your narrative goes on and on, or off in too many directions, break it down into key points indicated with subheads (as in this article). Synthesizing complicated information and breaking it down into steps is especially crucial for online writing, and is also a trend in print.’STEP 6: READ, REVISE, REPEAT.‘Read the draft of your how-to article out loud to a supportive friend. Then, ask her a series of questions: Does she now understand the process? Are there any steps missing? Is there anything else she would like to know about the subject? Could she do the task herself? With your friend’s suggestions in mind, use your best judgment in deciding what changes, if any, need to be made.Here’s a quick list to help you catch errors or omissions:Did you adequately describe the ingredients/supplies needed in order for the reader to complete the task?Did you include all the important steps?Is the order logical?Did you use words that indicate sequence: first, next, then?Did you warn readers of possible pitfalls?Rewrite, read aloud, rewrite, read aloud, rewrite, find a proof-reader and, only when you’re satisfied you’ve written an effective how-to article, submit your piece to an appropriate publication with a short cover letter.’Relating this action plan back to Liv’s work I found that here article contained several things that the plan suggests you include to create a successful article. Using step three as an example; Liv’s article contained factual statistics of gender inequality in the workplace, several quotes from well know and relevant people, definitions were included when addressing things the reader may not have know of. Liv also included anecdotes referencing her own thoughts and experiences, also included was quotes and references to other media as well as related articles. Helpful tools were in the form of a social media taskbar at the top of the page and finally Liv referenced events and venues both locally and in other countries.Liv was able to include all of this information suggested in step three without making the article needlessly long or boring. It was interesting to be able to compare an article to the advice given in the plan to see how successfully following the step would prove, it is my belief the Liv created a successful article as it has been published on mixology’s website as well as shared many times on multiple social media platforms. It has also helped to inspire me with what I would like to create for my FMP as believe that using Liv’s article as a point of reference in my FMP will help me to create a successful final product.The Espresso Bar (Cartoon Comic Strip)The Espresso Bar is a cartoon created for the website Carol Simpson CartoonWork who main focus is to produce artwork reflecting various issues facings society. A quote from their website states: “We believe in the traditional working class values of labour solidarity and social justice, so we fire off cartoons aimed at America's corporate establishment and its wholly owned subsidiary, the U.S. Government.”The name of the website is actually a portmanteau of the creators names, the artist; Estelle Carol, and the writer; Bob Simpson. The collaborative work that they produce has been published in several labour, alternative and business publications across the world. The majority of their publication have taken place in North America where both the creators are from, Estelle being from New York City and Bob from Washington DC. However they now both reside in Oak Park Illinois, a suburb bordering the West Side of Chicago. As well as their own work they are also involved in a number of other collaborations with WebTrax graphic design studio and they also work on the Chicago Women's Liberation Herstory Project, an online history of the women's liberation movement.What drew my attention to their artwork was a specific piece they had created called “The Espresso Bar”, a satirical comic depicting how women are forced to dress as part of a so-called uniform at certain businesses. The creators have stated that this particular comic is based on the real life coffee shop chain called Cowgirls Espresso, a “business” that has their all-female staff wear nothing but themed lingerie. All of their work depicts various issues that face society today, I thought “The Espresso Bar” evoked some very important questions regarding the overall treatment of women in the workplace, because just like the real life establishment that the comic depicts, many places force their staff to wear inappropriate attire. To create their comics Estelle and Bob use Wacom Tablets and Epson scanners to draw and scan their artwork, they then edit the artwork on Mac computers using Adobe Photoshop.They have also stated that the influences for their work include Bill Mauldin, Ron Cobb, Fred Wright, Robert Minor, Sid Harris, and Clay Bennett all of which are famous cartoon/comic artists known for creating artwork depicting various social and economic issues. According to the creators they have a regular production rate and produce new artwork and comics every week, and they also accept art work requests that can be purchased from their website. When researching possible demographics that this comic could appeal to, I used YouGov to ascertain accurate information. I found that people who are interested in Comic Literature are predominately male, are aged between 40 and 45, mostly live in the West Country and are more likely to be left leaning when it comes to politics. From the theme of the comics it can also be suggested that they are targeted towards and or appeal to the working class and those who feel strongly about social, economic, or political issues.Unit 12 1.2:I created this mind map to show how I was influenced by the media products I chose for the 1.1 criteria of this project. My evaluation has helped me conclude that I would like to produce an online article for my FMP.I have gathered a variety of primary and secondary research as well as qualitative and quantitative research that has a directed correlation to my project, this research has served to either inspire or inform me with regards to my chosen topic and theme.I first researched feminism and how gender equality has evolved throughout the years. I found a brief timeline on Wikipedia of feminism which allowed me to see how women’s rights have progressed since the early 19th century. I also used my AS level sociology textbook to research Feminism in regards to inequality in the workplace. It became apparent from my research that in some aspects we haven’t come as far with gender equality than we should have by 2017.As part of my research I also found and read a book called ‘Barmaids: A history of women’s work in pubs - By Diane Kirkby,’ this was very useful as I am focusing my project on the treatment on women in the service industry, specifically in bars, pubs, and restaurants therefore the book provided me with insight into the history of my chosen theme.I also researched various online news articles to help me with developing my own article. These articles have helped me with aspects like format, word choice, font and information included. When researching my target audience I used YouGov’s profiles to help me determine what demographics would be interested in my work.I have conducted my own primary research by creating a questionnaire/survey as well as interviews with people who have worked in the service industry, this information was coupled well with an article I found online by BuzzFeed featuring stories from when who have been harassed and discriminated against at work. Since I have worked in a Pub/ Restaurant I can also include my own personal experiences of discrimination in my FMP.Secondary Research:Online Research:A brief timeline of feminism sourced from Wikipedia:19th and early 20th centuryFirst-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred within the time period of the 19th and early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining women's suffrage (the right to vote).1960sSecond-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that first began in the early 1960s in the United States, and eventually spread throughout the Western world and beyond. In the United States the movement lasted through the early 1980s. Black feminism became popular in the 1960s, in response to the sexism of the civil rights movement and racism of the feminist movement.Fat feminism originated in the late 1960s.1969: Chicana feminism, also called Xicanisma, is a sociopolitical movement in the United States that analyzes the historical, cultural, spiritual, educational, and economic intersections of Mexican-American women that identify as Chicana. Chicana feminism challenges the stereotypes that Chicanas face across lines of gender, ethnicity, race, class, and sexuality. Most importantly, Chicana feminism serves as a movement that helps women to reclaim their existence between the Chicano and American feminist movements. The 1969 Chicano Youth Liberation Conference began the Chicano movement and eventually, MEChA. At the conference, women began to get involved in the male-dominated dialogue to address feminist concerns. After the conference, women returned to their communities as activists and thus began the Chicana feminist movement. "Our Bodies, Ourselves," is published. This begins the Women's Healthcare Movement.1970sIn the 1970s, French feminist theorists approached feminism with the concept of écriture féminine (which translates as female, or feminine writing). 1980sThe radical lesbian movement is a francophone lesbian movement roughly analogous to English-language lesbian separatism. Inspired by the writings of philosopher Monique Wittig, the movement originated in France in the early 1980s, spreading soon after to the Canadian province of Quebec.In Turkey and Israel, second-wave feminism began in the 1980s.Difference feminism was developed by feminists in the 1980s, in part as a reaction to popular liberal feminism (also known as "equality feminism"), which emphasized the similarities between women and men in order to argue for equal treatment for women. Difference feminism, although it still aimed at equality between men and women, emphasized the differences between men and women and argued that identicality or sameness are not necessary in order for men and women, and masculine and feminine values, to be treated equally. Liberal feminism aimed to make society and law gender-neutral, since it saw recognition of gender difference as a barrier to rights and participation within liberal democracy, while difference feminism held that gender-neutrality harmed women "whether by impelling them to imitate men, by depriving society of their distinctive contributions, or by letting them participate in society only on terms that favor men.” Equity feminism (also stylized equity-feminism) is a form of liberal feminism discussed since the 1980s, specifically a kind of classical liberal feminism and libertarian feminism. 1990sThird-wave feminism refers to several diverse strains of feminist activity and study, whose exact boundaries in the history of feminism are a subject of debate, but are generally marked as beginning in the early 1990s and continuing to the present. The movement arose partially as a response to the perceived failures of and backlash against initiatives and movements created by second-wave feminism during the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, and the perception that women are of "many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions, and cultural backgrounds". This wave of feminism expands the topic of feminism to include a diverse group of women with a diverse set of identities. Riot grrrl is an underground feminist hardcore punk movement that originated in the early 1990s in Washington State (particularly Olympia) and the greater Pacific Northwest. It is a subcultural movement that combines feminist consciousness and punk style and politics. It is often associated with third-wave feminism, which is sometimes seen as its starting point. It has also been described as a musical genre that came out of indie rock, with the punk scene serving as an inspiration for a musical movement in which women could express themselves in the same way men had been doing for the past several years. 2000s2008: Fourth-wave feminism is often said to have started in 2008. Kira Cochrane, author of All the Rebel Women: The Rise of the Fourth Wave of Feminism, defined fourth-wave feminism as a movement that is connected through technology. Researcher Diana Diamond defined fourth-wave feminism as a movement that "combines politics, psychology, and spirituality in an overarching vision of change." I found an online article but by Buzzfeed news titled 9 Appalling Stories Of Everyday Sexism, As Told By Women In The Service Industry written by Ema O'Connor a Buzzfeed news reporter. It consists of 9 stories from various women whom have experienced sexism while working in the service industry.“When I worked as a bartender at a Columbia University dive, each night customers would constantly and repeatedly call me sexy, ask me for my number or if I would go home with them. They would shout at me, touch me, even reach over the bar, grab me and try to kiss me. If I didn't respond the way they wanted, I would often receive aggression, anger, and the occasional threat. There's nowhere to go when you're trapped behind a bar. Each time I had to choose between smiling through my discomfort or risk losing a tip. That adds up when your hourly rate is $0. My boss insisted that we report these incidents and that he was there to protect his employees. Yet this same man would call me to inform me he was looking at me through the security camera above and that I "looked good tonight." On the last shift I worked he said, "You look great… you've really developed into a woman," and stared at my breasts.”- Anonymous“One restaurant I worked at had a special qualification for hiring that I didn't notice at first: You had to be a "7 or above." I was prepping the bar when a cute college girl came in and dropped off an application. They didn't even check her work experience or references. All that was asked was, "What was she?" The head bartender said, "An 8. I'll call her tomorrow." She turned out to be a terrible waitress. Meanwhile, my friend with years of experience in customer service was "only a 5," so she didn't get the job.”- Gabbie Hanna“The summer before my second year of college, I was a waitress at a popular sports bar in my neighborhood. The tips were phenomenal, but there was also a pretty obvious downside to being an 18-year-old girl in a tight V-neck and jean shorts (the uniform), surrounded by drunk men watching sports. There were constant comments, ass grabbing, and lip licking, but there are a couple particular instances that stick in my mind. A lot of men made a game out of trying to guess my ethnicity. One in particular got really mad when I said I was a white, Jewish girl, and refused to pay his bill until I "admitted" that I was hispanic. Another customer followed me into an ATM cubicle down the block at 4 a.m. and cornered me until I managed to slip past him.”- Ayala Mansky“I worked as a hostess for a while at a very popular brunch spot on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. When I began the other hostesses warned me what an asshole my boss was, and man, were they right. He would constantly stand right by us and comment on women that were in the restaurant, at the bar, or being seated. He would lean in close to my ear and grumble, "Oof, just looking at her makes me hard," or, "I could eat her all day." Occasionally he would just growl. I always rolled my eyes and thought he might as well be saying, "Me. Man. Want wo-man."- Anonymous“I genuinely loved working in bars and restaurants in the U.K., but I noticed that I was constantly kept in waitress roles and never given a chance to learn anything interesting like making cocktails, etc. The idea was that you should always keep the young ladies out front, waiting tables and bringing in tips. Most of the places I worked were pretty evenly balanced between male and female customers, so the rationale didn't even stack up. I often wondered if women pursuing careers in that sector struggled with that barrier.”- Anonymous“I am the only female manager in my restaurant chain and it's a predominantly male crowd. Customers often treat me like I'm on the menu. I'll go up to a table and ask for their dessert order and they'll be like, "Sexy brunette please. Is that on the menu?" There's an assumption that I'm there as a walking accessory to grab and look at, not there managing the restaurant. One time I was slicing a cake at a table and a guy took a picture of my ass and showed it to me as he was walking out the door. Another time my arms were filled with dishes and a guy took the opportunity to grab my face and kiss me because I couldn't pull away. There are certain customers that come in looking for me in particular, and my coworkers say, "Hey, why don't you go downstairs and do some office work for a little," so the customers can't find me. It's annoying and it bothers me sometimes, but I never complain or talk back to them. At the end of the day, when you're working in hospitality, you can't be inhospitable yelling at your customers or calling them out. You just have to laugh it all off, because that's your job.”- Sandra“I worked as a shot girl in a club while at university in England. My "contract" specified that I had to wear heels or boots and was not allowed to cover my legs. I would work alone as they employed only one girl per club. Walking around in a dark room full of drunk and/or drugged people is actually pretty terrifying. One girl grabbed me saying "you're fit" and literally ran her fingers up between my legs, which was horrifying. In response, the bouncers laughed and just said, "Nice." On another occasion a guy rubbed his face in my breasts as he stood up to pay for a shot, then got very mouthy when I told him to f * off. The bouncers didn't chuck him out and I spent the rest of the evening being jeered at and called a slut by him and his friends. At the end of the day, that is just the job of a waitress, but the way people behaved towards me was animalistic and has had a very lasting effect on me.” - Elizabeth F.“I used to work at a popular burger joint and experienced raw to medium-rare sexual harassment pretty often. Some examples: One night, a couple of male customers were leaving after having paid their bill. One looked back at me and said, "I wish I could give YOU the tip." Naturally, the "tip" he was referring to was not money. Another time, I had one very drunk customer hitting on me. I politely told him I had a boyfriend and he asked me to point out to him "the vulnerable girls at the bar" that he could hit on instead. At the sports bar I worked at, I actually received more sexual harassment from the managerial staff than the customers. I remember wearing a skirt to work once and my manager told me he was going to glue mirrors on the tops of his shoes. I never wore a skirt there again.” - Anonymous“I work in a live music bar as a cocktail waitress. The bar is entirely staffed by women, but managed by men. The owner sometimes comes in and engages me in conversation. He often opens with "I'm not a misogynist, but..." The conversation is then sprinkled with gems like, "Women rely on men, physically and emotionally," and "Men have a longer shelf-life." He sometimes concludes by explaining why intelligent women are essentially fucked because they won't be able to find a man. My boss makes it clear that he believes women are the weaker sex, that they need men. But anything I say or do in reply will put my job in jeopardy.”- AnonymousOnline articles that have inspired or influenced me:Half of women in UK have been sexually harassed at work, study finds - : equality for women - has one of worst records for gender equality at work - equality in the workplace: case studies - finds women paid less than men in 90% of sectors - is what gender inequality in Britain looks like in charts - of Work - of women in UK have been sexually harassed at work, study finds - Subtle Ways Women Face Sexism At Work - top 10 sexist things that happen to women at work - Sexist Nightmare That is Being a “Barmaid” - ‘The line is crossed, and it’s crossed daily’: The struggles of female bartenders - from Books:Barmaids: A history of women’s work in pubs - By Diane KirkbyThroughout the books eight chapters we are given a unique insight into the history and development of women working in bars and pubs. The author; Diane Kirkby, described her interest in the topic as stemming from a childhood memory of visiting a local pub in her small rural town in Australia. When she would visit the pub she took notice of the segregation that took place, the men would drink at the bar and the wives of the men would be designated to an area of the pub labelled the “Ladies Lounge”. Diane also took note of the Female bartender who worked in the pub, a lady called ‘Mrs Gascoyne’ whom she revered due to the fact that she was able to deal with and manage the rowdy men in the bar. The book details Pub-keeping in Colonial times, when working in a bar was no place for women, to what women have to deal with in modern times across the world. The first half of the book is about the Nineteenth Century and details the urbanisation and Legislative Reform as well as the growing sexualisation of women working in bars and pubs. The second half of the book focuses more on the Twentieth Century and features historical events like the founding of the WCTU, or the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, an organisation dedicated to social reforms. The latter half of the book also feature information on the laws that were brought against barmaids, to try and prevent women working in pubs. The book also references the creation of gender unions and fights for equal pay, issues we are still facing today.Reading this book provided me with tremendous insight into my project as I was able to learn information that I previously knew nothing about. I wasn’t aware that any laws had been brought against women who were simply fighting for their right to work in pubs. I was so focused on how much inequality and discrimination women face today that I hadn’t taken into account how far we have already come. Although this doesn’t in any way sway my opinion that there is still an ongoing problem with our society, we may have come so far but there is still a long way to go before we actually achieve equality, like equal pay for example.AQA A Level Sociology: Book One, including AS level – by Rob Webb etc.I found this book a useful reference as it contains a great deal of relevant and factual information, it was also a book I had previously studied during my A Levels so I knew it contained pertinent information to my project. There is an entire section dedicated to feminism and its many aspects, there is also a sub-section dedicated to sexism and inequality specifically in the workplace. The book draws direct comparisons between sexism in education and in the workplace with regards to how women throughout history have been expected to “stay a home” and therefore may not have as much access to the necessary education to compete with me in the job market. It was interesting to read this information from a factual and statistical point of view, by referencing the information I found in my FMP I can make my project more accurate. Target Audience Research:I used a website called YouGov to help me analyse what demographics would be best suited for my target audience as I would like to aim my final product towards people that would actually be interested. YouGov in-depth profiles allow you to determine demographics associated with your chosen topic of interest, I picked topics that relate to the specific topic and theme I have chosen for my FMP.right49205900left50450300Demographics for people who are interested in Feminist Literature: left45286200right244092300right8562600Demographics for people interested in Journalism and Media Studies (Academic Area):left36857200right42246500right51059800Demographics for people interested in The Women’s Equality Party:left23185000right117602800left109761000right304735600Demographics for people who are interested in Media and Journalism (Professional Area):right28530500left219133Analysis and evaluation of my information informing my ideas for my FMP:The research I have conducted into various online articles has helped me to understand the various aspects that go into an engaging and interesting article, I can use these skills to produce a successful FMP. By following a simple step process I now know what I need to include with my own article for it to be a success.These steps are:STEP 1: SELECT YOUR TOPIC.STEP 2: ADDRESS YOUR AUDIENCE’S NEEDS.STEP 3: RESEARCH.STEP 4: TIGHTEN YOUR DRAFT.STEP 5: MAKE IT SPECIFIC.STEP 6: READ, REVISE, REPEAT.The topic I selected is inequality and how women are treated in the service industry. I addressed my audiences needs by reading articles that deal with similar themes and I went into detail when researching my target audience so I would know exactly what demographic to aim my product towards. I conducted extensive research into not only the theme of my topic but a broader view of feminism and inequality as a whole, this then provided me with a wider view on the subject at hand. I conducted surveys and interviews to gather others opinions and feeling on the subject as well as research other people’s accounts of their experiences during my primary and secondary research. I created 3 separate drafts for my FMP before I began work on my final piece and with each draft I made edits, adjustments and improvements based of my research. I made my project more specific my focusing it on whether women still face inequality in the service industry, as opposed to a broader topic of inequality in general. Then I made sure to repeatedly proof-read my work as I went along to make sure that what I was saying was grammatically correct, accurate and relevant to my project.My research has also helped me address my word choices and the narrative of my piece as well as how the overall layout of my product should look. An effective narrative is important in any piece of media whether that be a written article, an animation or a satirical comic strip, without a clear and concise story to follow the audience will simply become confused and disinterested with the piece. A clear structure is imperative in creating an effective article as it must has a strong and engaging beginning to capture the reader’s attention, an informative and interesting middle to keep them intrigued and a well thought out conclusion to summarise the piece and complete the article.The research I conducted into the history of my topic has also provided me with tremendous insight into my chosen topic as there were so many thing I hadn’t realised I didn’t know about Feminism and work place inequality. I will now be able to reference the progressions we have made as a society when it comes to how women have been treated in the past as opposed to how they are treated in the workplace now. However there is still a great way to go before we can ascertain to equality.Stating The Purpose:Identifying task – what do I want to find out about? What is the question I am trying to find out about?I am creating news piece in the form of an online article. I intend to focus on how women are treated working in the service industry, for example in bars, restaurants, cafes and pubs. I feel as though many people do not see a problem with how woman are treating working in this sector today so the question I am going to be focusing on throughout my FMP is:Is gender inequality and harassment still present in the service industry in 2017? (And what can be done about it)I intend to answer this question by addressing how women are still being treated specifically in this sector and I plan on making a point of stating what can be done to change these behaviours to produce a better outcome for all parties involved.Primary Research:I conducted a series of interviews with people I know that have worked in the service industry, although they were willing to talk to me about their experiences but all of them wanted to stay anonymous.I created a surveyHave you ever worked in a position in the service industry?Have you ever worked in a pub, bar or restaurant?Would you ever work in any of these positions?Have you ever experienced or witnessed inappropriate language or behaviour directed at someone working in any of these positions?Have you ever acted inappropriately towards someone who works in the services industry?If you witnessed inappropriate behaviour would you step in and stop it?Do you think how women are treated in the workplace is currently acceptable or not?QuestionsAnswers TallyTotalYesNoYesNoHave you ever worked in a position in the service industry?///// ///// //////////146Have you ever worked in a pub, bar or restaurant?////////// //////////119Would you ever work in any of these positions?////////////////////713Have you ever experienced or witnessed inappropriate language or behaviour directed at someone working in any of these positions?////////// ///////////128Have you ever acted inappropriately towards someone who works in the services industry?////////////////////020If you witnessed inappropriate behaviour would you step in and stop it?/////////////// /////173Do you think how women are treated in the workplace is currently acceptable or not?////////// //////////146QuestionsAnswers TallyTotalYesNoYesNoHave you ever worked in a position in the service industry?///// ///// //////////146Have you ever worked in a pub, bar or restaurant?////////// //////////119Would you ever work in any of these positions (again)?////////////////////713Have you ever experienced or witnessed inappropriate language or behaviour directed at someone working in any of these positions?////////// ///////////128Have you ever acted inappropriately towards someone who works in the services industry?////////////////////020If you witnessed inappropriate behaviour would you step in and stop it?/////////////// /////173Do you think how women are treated in the workplace is currently acceptable or not?////////// //////////146I interview 20 People in two for my survey and 4 people gave personal interviews, I tried to interview as many people as possible who had at some point worked in the service industry as that was the theme of my topic. Fourteen people out of the twenty that I interviewed for my survey had at some point worked in the service industry, and I made sure to include both men and women so that I could get the perspectives sides. I found some of the answers very interesting, for example only half of the people who had worked in places like pubs or restaurants said that they would willingly work there again and most of the half people who said that they wouldn’t were women. I wasn’t satisfied with some of the data I had received so I decided to ask people certain follow up questions to help me understand why they chose the answer they did. For example when I asked if anyone had experienced or any inappropriate behaviour 12 people said that they had and when I asked them if they did witnessing inappropriate behaviour, would they step in and stop it, 17 people said they would help. This however got me thinking if they would stay true to their word, so I asked them a quick follow up question; have you ever step in to stop inappropriate behaviour? And out of 20 people only 2 said they had, completely contradicting what most of them had previously said. It seems the people are quick to say they would jump to someone’s defence, but when it comes down to it they don’t, actions speak louder than works. I also chose the term “Inappropriate behaviour” to deliberately try and trick people. When asked if they had ever acted inappropriately towards someone working in the service industry everyone I asked said that they hadn’t. However to try and catch them out I followed up with questions like have you ever called someone working in a restaurant or a pub babe? Or darling, or sweetie and almost everyone I interviewed said that they had. This is exactly the problem, people don’t seem to view certain behaviours as wrong because it is socially acceptable to treat woman working in this sector as sub-human, to call and do with what you please.Throughout the entirety of this unit I have used a multitude of different sources to gather any relevant information that pertains to my topic such as various books and internet sources as well as my own first person research. Throughout my extensive online research I narrowed down the information I collected to relevant information to my topic. I identified, selected, and recorded information that would be valuable in the production of my FMP. I have evaluated both the language and information checking the source, the date, the language used and the creators of the information itself (i.e. writers), I have also checked for bias. I have recorded all of my sources in the correct Harvard referencing format in a separate word document that acts as my bibliography for this research pack.Unit 12 2.2:When I began my research I was of the mind-set that women who work in bars and restaurants are still treated as badly now as they were when women for began working in this industry. I came to find that this was a very narrow view point on my behalf and I failed to grasp the importance of how far we have actually come in the UK in regards to equal rights for both men and women. By reading Diane Kirby’s book and conducting further in depth research into feminism as a whole I learned about things that woman had to overcome in the workplace that I had previously never know about before. I found it not only informative but also enlightening as now I will be able to write my article with a more clear and accurate view of the subject matter, however I still acknowledge that we still have great deal left to do before we accomplish true gender equality in this country, I recommend equal pay as a good place to start. As my original plan was to create an animation to depict what women experience in the workplace I conducted an in depth analysis into to animation creators I am a fan of on YouTube. Despite the fact that I am now going to be creating an online article instead I still feel that the information I gathered from researching them will help me with the production of my FMP. This is because they were the ones that had initially inspired me to create a project about experiences at work and because I was dealing with harassment at my job at the time together it inspired my idea. The animations were also a great way of helping me develop my articles narrative, and helping me with how to discuss serious matter while still remaining interesting and entertaining.At this point through the help of my research I feel well equipped to accomplish my task and create a successful FMP, I feel prepared to draft, edit and present my final piece thoroughly to create an effective article. However I will need to be careful due to the fact that feminism and inequality is such a large topic, so I don’t want diverge away from my chosen topic and start including too much information. Therefore to prevent this potential problem from arising I will have to make sure that what I include in my article is specifically about the service industry and not every aspect of inequality in general.The articles I researched helped to inspire me a great deal as I was able to lean from what other people have thought and written about. It was Liv Fleischhacker’s article in particular that helped influence my decision to write an article. The structure and format of her article were clear and easy to read and this is something that I would like to replicate within my own work. I have learnt a great deal from my findings and all of my research with serve to help me with my article for my FMP. I feel much more informed on the topic now and feel as though I can get my point across in an interesting and engaging way while providing my readers with the accurate facts and information regarding my topic.Unit 12 3.1:To meet the criteria for unit 12 3.1 I have produced this research pack, included in this report is a range of research methodologies used to find and present my findings. Although the majority of this pack is written work, to produce and present my ideas I have also included a range of other media like a mind-map, various pictures and images, graphs and tables depicting my collected data, and online videos. I have clearly explained and explored all aspects of my chosen topic in detail and I used my question; is gender inequality and harassment still present in the service industry in 2017? (And what can be done about it) to gather information that would be relevant to my hypothesis. I used paragraphs to define my research into different clear sections so that it could be easily read and understood. I have also used both critical and descriptive language throughout my written work in this pack.Unit 12 3.2:I have used a variety of different media to present and analyse the data I have collected through my research such as tables and graphs, appendices and references.As of the moment I am still unsure of precisely what factual and statistical data I will be including within my article as I have a great deal to choose from, this is something I will have to explore during my drafts for my final piece. I am also unsure of whether or not to include images within my final article, I would like to as I am trying to create an article similar in format and layout to Liv Fleischhacker’s. An issue with this is that I would like to include my own pictures but the pubs and restaurants I visited during my research didn’t want me to take photographs. This is something my research hasn’t really provided me with an answer to, but if I feel during the creation of my drafts that I need to include images I will have to source them form the internet.All of my ideas have been influenced by my findings, researching the history of feminism and the history of women working in pubs has provided me wider knowledge on the subject. Looking at articles from various writers has been exponentially helpful in helping me to develop my own style of writing and to write an effective news article. ................
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