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IntroductionAfrica is one of the most diverse places on Earth. However, it is also home to many critically endangered species. These species are disappearing at alarming rates due to habitat loss and poaching. Efforts are being made to help these animals come back from the brink of extinction so that they can survive for generations in the future. One species that is the focus of these efforts is one of the most endangered animals in all of Africa: the black rhinoceros. Conservationists want to move the black rhinos to a new location so that they can start a new population and hopefully begin breeding. Because black rhinos aresome of the largest animals in the world, weighing in at around 8,000 pounds, it is difficult to work with them and move them from one location to another. This has not stopped conservationists from trying. They start by tranquilizing the rhinoceros. They then tie its legs with rope and attach it to a helicopter, which carries it to a new habitat.TaskYou must design a way to move an injured black rhino to a veterinarian’s office at the local conservation site and do so on a budget.Investigative Phenomenon: How can scientists engineer a way to transport an endangered species so it can receive medical care?Engineering Design ProcessYou will use the engineering design process to create a prototype in this project. The engineering design process is a series of steps that engineers follow to come up with a solution to a problem. The solution often involves designing a product that meets certain criteria and accomplishes a certain task. Review the steps below and read the directions for the assignment carefully before beginning.Define the problem.Research.Brainstorm ideas or designs.Create a prototype.Test and municate results.Define the ProblemRead the scenario below and begin to define the problem and brainstorm a solution.Setting the Scene: The SpeciesThe Lincoln Wildlife Fund has alerted you to an injured black rhino that is in the area and needs immediate medical attention if it is going to survive. You are tasked with transporting the rhino to the nearby conservation site where a veterinarian can be found. They have told you that an impromptu stretcher that can be dragged or even rolled would be your best option.The Lincoln Wildlife Fund has provided you with the criteria that the prototype must meet, as well as some materials that you can use. Each material costs money, which will be a factor when determining what to use for your stretcher. The Lincoln Wildlife Fund is running on a fixed budget from donors, so the design needs to be cost-effective. You will have a budget of only $500.CriteriaThe rhino needs to move six feet from the starting point to the ending point without the stretcher breaking.The rhino has to make it across the rough, gravelly terrain between the starting and ending points.Your hands cannot be used to move the rhino. You can only use the engineered design.The design needs to hold at least 150 grams.The stretcher must stay within the budget.Materialsduct tape150 g of ball bearings or other materialplastic sandwich bagpopsicle sticksrubber bandsscalestringtoilet papertwigs from a treeDefine the ProblemIn this section, you will define the problem that you are trying to solve with the engineering process.ResearchIn this section, you will research the black rhino. Use the following questions to guide your research.Why is the black rhino going extinct?Identify at least two things conservationists are doing to protect the remaining population of black rhinos.How are stretchers built to hold large amounts of weight?What materials would be best to use in this type of design?What limitations must you consider when constructing your design?Brainstorming a DesignIn this section, you will conduct the brainstorming part of the engineering and design process. Using the materials list, spend some time brainstorming a design for a stretcher that will be used to move a rhino across the room to another location without breaking and without the rhino falling off. Keep a few things in mind while you are brainstorming. You do not have to go with your first design. Try to think of a few designs and then decide which one you will use as your prototype. When considering which design to use, think about safety of the animal and the cost of the materials needed for your design. For example, if one design is very expensive and uses many materials, it may not be possible.Cost of Itemsduct tape$25per one inchtoilet paper$25per squareplastic sandwich bag$0if only one is usedpopsicle sticks$50per stickstring$30per one foottwig from a tree$15per twigrubber bands$20per bandTotal Cost of Design:Total Cost of Design:Building the PrototypeRead the scenario below and begin to construct your prototype.Setting the Scene: The DesignIt is time to start building! You are under pressure to get the stretcher built and the rhino moved. After careful examination, you must choose your best product design and begin construction. During construction, you may decide that you need additional materials or that your design needs to change. This is fine—just make a new sketch and revise your materials list.ProcedureConstruct the stretcher following the design.Double-check the materials list and cost of each item.Explain why you chose this design.Testing the PrototypeNow you get to test your design. You should conduct at least three trials and record your observations below. You must have a starting point where you will begin moving your stretcher and an ending point to which you will be moving the rhino.Trial #1 ObservationsTrial #2 ObservationsTrial #3 ObservationsExplain what happened with your design and what needs to be improved.RedesignRead the scenario below and begin to analyze the results of your redesign.Setting the Scene: ResultsBefore plans can be delivered to the Lincoln Wildlife Fund, a redesign, retest, and final analysis of the prototype must be completed. Compare and contrast your designs and results. Explain whether your new design was able to withstand the weight and movement by explaining what happened in the trials you conducted.If your trials demonstrate that the design is unsuccessful, you will need to consider how to change it and record your results as you test it again in three different trials.Draw your new design and list any new materials that are being used.Total Cost of Design:RetestRetest your design. You should conduct a final round of trials and record your observations below. Use the same starting point and ending point you used in previous trials.Trials #4, #5, and #6 ObservationsAnalysisAnswer the questions below in complete sentences.Does the redesign work better or worse than the original?Communicate ResultsThe Lincoln Wildlife Fund has requested your final design and process. You will present your chosen prototype to the group. In your explanation, include the following:a detailed explanation of how well the stretcher will workthe reason you chose that particular designsome costs and benefits that they should consider if they choose this process to rescue the rhinos ................
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