Beyondpvalue.com
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRENDELENBERG SURGERY VS RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS OF LOWER LIMBS. NoTable of ContentPage No 1INTRODUCTION 2REVIEW OF LITERATURE3AIMS & OBJECTIVES4MATERIALS & METHODS5RESULTS6DISCUSSION7CONSULATION 8LIMITATIONS 9BIBLIOGRAPHYList of TablesS. NoTable DescriptionPage No123456789101112List of Figure S. NoFigure DescriptionPage No123456789101112GlossaryAbbreviationsINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONVaricose vein is a dilated, elongated, tortuous and often palpable superficial venous system of the body especially of the lower extremities which are most common in the superficial veins of the legs. Due to high pressure on legs mostly when standing , leads to itching ,with painful sensation ,edema, cramps ,discoloration.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1, 2 Sometimes it may leads to emergency and life threatening with other complications of dragging sensation, heaviness, pain, bleeding, ulceration or lipodermatosclerosis venous thrombosis.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaW5naDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaW5naDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 2, 3 Venous insufficiency at lower extremities may result with clinical problems from cosmetic issues to ulcerations. When the frequency of venous insufficiency and its related problems are considered besides their diversity, it is encountered as a public health issue. Prevalence estimates vary widely by geographic location, with the highest reported rates in Western countries. Reports of prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency vary from < 1% to 40% in females and from < 1% to 17% in males. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Beebe-Dimmer</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">4</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528097245">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Beebe-Dimmer, J. L.</author><author>Pfeifer, J. R.</author><author>Engle, J. S.</author><author>Schottenfeld, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Division of Venous Disease University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. jbeebe@med.umich.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Ann Epidemiol</secondary-title><alt-title>Annals of epidemiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ann Epidemiol</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of epidemiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Ann Epidemiol</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of epidemiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>175-84</pages><volume>15</volume><number>3</number><edition>2005/02/23</edition><keywords><keyword>Chronic Disease/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Europe/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Prevalence</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>Sex Distribution</keyword><keyword>United States/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1047-2797 (Print)
1047-2797</isbn><accession-num>15723761</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.015</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>4 The reported ranges in prevalence estimations presumably reflect differences in the population distribution of risk factors, accuracy in application of diagnostic criteria, and the quality and availability of medical diagnostic and treatment resources. Varicose veins are most commonly seen in elderly aged people ,chronic smokers, and during pregnancy. Females are more prone to varicose veins than males. General complaints related to venous insufficiency depends on the severity of the insufficiency and accompanying pathologies. Discoloration, pain, cramps, itching, edema and ulcerations at legs are symptoms accompanying to venous insufficiency. While major risk factors are age and family history for both sexes, pregnancy is an additional risk factor for womenPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJwZW50aWVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJwZW50aWVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 5. Besides, standing for long periods, obesity and female gender are reported as risk factors. Subjects with varicose veins have a reduced quality of life compared with the general population, and this discrepancy can be significantly improved at 6 weeks by operating on themPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 6, 7. There are some life style modifications to be followed to minimize the effect. Elastic bandage, leg elevation, and exercise gives temporary relief. Elastic compression stockings such as compression bandages are used and it effectively reduces edema and pain.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3 Apart from this there is pharmacotherapy which includes phlebotropic drugs (flavonoids), Alpha-benzopyrones( Coumarine ), Benzopyrones. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Gohel</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">8</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526882755">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gohel, M. S.</author><author>Davies, A. H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Imperial Vascular Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK.</auth-address><titles><title>Pharmacological agents in the treatment of venous disease: an update of the available evidence</title><secondary-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</secondary-title><alt-title>Current vascular pharmacology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</full-title><abbr-1>Current vascular pharmacology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</full-title><abbr-1>Current vascular pharmacology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>303-8</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><edition>2009/07/16</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Clinical Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Diosmin/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Hemostatics/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Hydroxyethylrutoside/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Vascular Diseases/classification/*drug therapy</keyword><keyword>Vasoconstrictor Agents/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Veins/*drug effects</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1570-1611 (Print)
1570-1611</isbn><accession-num>19601855</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>8 If severity of disease reaches to C2 and above stage according to CEAP classification of varicose veins, that surgery is needed. The first operating technique was developed in 1905 by William Wayne Babcock.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MTQ8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij4z
PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTQ8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+
PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSIyOXAyOXB2ZXJ0eHIyZ2V0dHRneHZm
ZWdwcDJzMnBycGZhcjAiIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTUyNjMwNTgxNyI+MTQ8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24t
a2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkNod2FsYSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN6Y3pl
a2xpaywgVy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN6Y3pla2xpaywgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFs
ZWtzaWVqZXctS2xlc3pjenluc2tpLCBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SmFnaWVsc2thLUNod2Fs
YSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5DbGlu
aWNhbCBEZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIFZhc2N1bGFyIFN1cmdlcnksIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgSG9zcGl0YWws
IEtyYWtvdywgUG9sYW5kLiYjeEQ7QWxsZXJneSBhbmQgSW1tdW5vbG9neSBDbGluaWMsIFVuaXZl
cnNpdHkgSG9zcGl0YWwsIEphZ2llbGxvbmlhbiBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IE1lZGljYWwgQ29sbGVnZSwg
S3Jha293LCBQb2xhbmQuJiN4RDtEZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIENhcmRpb3Rob3JhY2ljIFN1cmdlcnks
IExvbmRvbiBDaGVzdCBIb3NwaXRhbCwgTG9uZG9uLCBVbml0ZWQgS2luZ2RvbS4mI3hEO1Zhc2N1
bGFyIFN1cmdlcnkgTWVkaWNhbCBDZW50cmUsIEtyYWtvdywgUG9sYW5kLiYjeEQ7VmFzY3VsYXIg
Q2VudHJlLCBTdC4gSm9obiBHcmFuZGUgSG9zcGl0YWwsIEtyYWtvdywgUG9sYW5kLjwvYXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlZhcmljb3NlIHZlaW5zIG9mIGxvd2VyIGV4dHJlbWl0aWVz
LCBoZW1vZHluYW1pY3MgYW5kIHRyZWF0bWVudCBtZXRob2RzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRp
dGxlPkFkdiBDbGluIEV4cCBNZWQ8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkFkdmFuY2Vz
IGluIGNsaW5pY2FsIGFuZCBleHBlcmltZW50YWwgbWVkaWNpbmUgOiBvZmZpY2lhbCBvcmdhbiBX
cm9jbGF3IE1lZGljYWwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkFkdiBDbGluIEV4cCBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BZHZhbmNl
cyBpbiBjbGluaWNhbCBhbmQgZXhwZXJpbWVudGFsIG1lZGljaW5lIDogb2ZmaWNpYWwgb3JnYW4g
V3JvY2xhdyBNZWRpY2FsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkFkdiBDbGluIEV4cCBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5B
ZHZhbmNlcyBpbiBjbGluaWNhbCBhbmQgZXhwZXJpbWVudGFsIG1lZGljaW5lIDogb2ZmaWNpYWwg
b3JnYW4gV3JvY2xhdyBNZWRpY2FsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHk8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxwYWdlcz41LTE0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjI0PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+
PGVkaXRpb24+MjAxNS8wNC8zMDwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2F0aGV0ZXIg
QWJsYXRpb24vaW5zdHJ1bWVudGF0aW9uL21ldGhvZHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2F0aGV0
ZXJpemF0aW9uLCBQZXJpcGhlcmFsL2luc3RydW1lbnRhdGlvbi9tZXRob2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkhlbW9keW5hbWljcy9kcnVnIGVmZmVjdHMvKnJhZGlhdGlvbiBlZmZlY3RzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MYXNlciBUaGVyYXB5L2luc3Ry
dW1lbnRhdGlvbi9tZXRob2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvd2VyIEV4dHJlbWl0eS9ibG9v
ZCBzdXBwbHkvcGF0aG9sb2d5LypzdXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlY3VycmVuY2U8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2NsZXJvc2luZyBTb2x1dGlvbnMvdGhlcmFwZXV0aWMgdXNlPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkvaW5zdHJ1bWVudGF0aW9uL21ldGhvZHM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvcGF0aG9sb2d5LypzdXJnZXJ5L3RoZXJhcHk8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmVub3VzIEluc3VmZmljaWVuY3kvcGF0aG9sb2d5LypzdXJnZXJ5
L3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxNTwveWVhcj48cHVi
LWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbi1GZWI8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xODk5
LTUyNzYgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MTg5OS01Mjc2PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI1OTIzMDgx
PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAu
MTcyMTkvYWNlbS8zMTg4MDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFz
ZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9s
YW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3 A Traditional method of Trendelenberg Surgery (surgical treatment) is still followed with some modern developments and modifications which involves vein stripping which removes the affected veins. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> Since this method includes lot of complications such as postoperative pain, hematomas, wound infections and sensory distributions due to removal of skin nerves ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526305817">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin, F.</author><author>Zhang, S.</author><author>Sun, Y.</author><author>Ren, S.</author><author>Liu, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>1 Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China.</auth-address><titles><title>The management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>International surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>185-9</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2015/01/17</edition><keywords><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Laser Therapy</keyword><keyword>Pain, Postoperative/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Return to Work</keyword><keyword>*Sclerotherapy</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0020-8868</isbn><accession-num>25594661</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, the modern techniques came up. In the modern methods of surgical procedures, there are fewer complications, compared to the traditional methods but clinical output wise there is not much difference. Now a days patients are falling towards modern methods though it is costly , because of less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and lower risk of infections and also chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 Modern methods of treatment include Thermal (Radiofrequencyablation, Endovenous laser ablation, Steam ablation) and Non Thermal techniques (Sclerotherapy, Echosclerotherapy, Clarivein, Sapheon).PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3 Radiofrequency ablation is one of the modern technique for the treatment of varicose veins which uses thermal energy to remove varicose veins which is associated with less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
dW0+MTU8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij45LCAx
MDwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVy
Pjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2
ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MaW4sIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5aaGFuZywg
Uy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN1biwgWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlbiwgUy48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkxpdSwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgt
YWRkcmVzcz4xIERlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ2hpbmEtSmFwYW4gRnJp
ZW5kc2hpcCBIb3NwaXRhbCBOby4gMiwgWWluZ2h1YSB5dWFuIEVhc3QgUm9hZCwgQmVpamluZywg
Q2hpbmEuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgb2YgdmFy
aWNvc2UgdmVpbnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SW50IFN1cmc8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3VyZ2VyeTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkludCBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+SW50
ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5JbnQgU3VyZzwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3Vy
Z2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjE4NS05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1l
PjEwMDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTUvMDEvMTc8L2VkaXRp
b24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDYXRoZXRlciBBYmxhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kkxhc2VyIFRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UGFpbiwgUG9zdG9wZXJhdGl2ZS9ldGlvbG9neS9wcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2w8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmV0dXJuIHRvIFdvcms8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNjbGVy
b3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxNTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48
L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMjAtODg2ODwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yNTU5NDY2MTwvYWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0u
bmloLmdvdi9wbWMvYXJ0aWNsZXMvUE1DNDMwMTI4Ny9wZGYvaTAwMjAtODg2OC0xMDAtMS0xODUu
cGRmPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20yPlBNQzQzMDEyODc8L2N1c3Rv
bTI+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjk3MzgvaW50c3VyZy1kLTE0LTAwMDg0LjE8
L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9y
ZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+
PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+THluY2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
dW0+MTY8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJw
cnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJl
Zi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaCwgTi4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNsYXJrZSwgTS48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZ1bHRvbiwgRy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmli
dXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Qb3N0IEdyYWR1YXRlIFJlc2VhcmNoIEZhY3VsdHksIFJveWFs
IENvbGxlZ2Ugb2YgU3VyZ2VvbnMgb2YgSXJlbGFuZCwgRHVibGluLCBJcmVsYW5kIERlcGFydG1l
bnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3JrLCBJcmVsYW5kIG5v
ZWxseW5jaEByY3NpLmllLiYjeEQ7UG9zdCBHcmFkdWF0ZSBSZXNlYXJjaCBGYWN1bHR5LCBSb3lh
bCBDb2xsZWdlIG9mIFN1cmdlb25zIG9mIElyZWxhbmQsIER1YmxpbiwgSXJlbGFuZC4mI3hEO0Rl
cGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3JrLCBJcmVs
YW5kLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlN1cmdpY2FsIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgb2Yg
Z3JlYXQgc2FwaGVub3VzIHZlaW4gdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM6IEEgbWV0YS1hbmFseXNpczwvdGl0
bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+
VmFzY3VsYXI8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNj
dWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxh
bHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZh
c2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+Mjg1LTk2PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAxNC8wNy8xNzwvZWRp
dGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVs
dDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbW9yYWwgVmVpbi8q
c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGFzZXIg
VGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5R
dWFsaXR5IG9mIExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVub3VzIFZlaW4vKnN1cmdlcnk8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VydmV5cyBhbmQgUXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1
bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+ZW5kb3Zlbm91
cyBsYXNlciB0aGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPm1ldGEtYW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD52ZWluczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdv
cmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SnVuPC9kYXRlPjwv
cHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTcwOC01MzgxPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI1
MDI2ODkyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vam91
cm5hbHMuc2FnZXB1Yi5jb20vZG9pL2Ficy8xMC4xMTc3LzE3MDg1MzgxMTQ1NDI2MzM/dXJsX3Zl
cj1aMzkuODgtMjAwMyZhbXA7cmZyX2lkPW9yaTpyaWQ6Y3Jvc3NyZWYub3JnJmFtcDtyZnJfZGF0
PWNyX3B1YiUzZHB1Ym1lZDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1y
ZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE3Ny8xNzA4NTM4MTE0NTQyNjMzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3Zp
ZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and less risk of infections compared with conventional surgery and also lower chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xNjwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjEw
LCAxMTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0
Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaCwgTi4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkNsYXJrZSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZ1bHRvbiwgRy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhv
cnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Qb3N0IEdyYWR1YXRlIFJlc2VhcmNoIEZh
Y3VsdHksIFJveWFsIENvbGxlZ2Ugb2YgU3VyZ2VvbnMgb2YgSXJlbGFuZCwgRHVibGluLCBJcmVs
YW5kIERlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3Jr
LCBJcmVsYW5kIG5vZWxseW5jaEByY3NpLmllLiYjeEQ7UG9zdCBHcmFkdWF0ZSBSZXNlYXJjaCBG
YWN1bHR5LCBSb3lhbCBDb2xsZWdlIG9mIFN1cmdlb25zIG9mIElyZWxhbmQsIER1YmxpbiwgSXJl
bGFuZC4mI3hEO0RlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFs
LCBDb3JrLCBJcmVsYW5kLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlN1cmdpY2FsIG1h
bmFnZW1lbnQgb2YgZ3JlYXQgc2FwaGVub3VzIHZlaW4gdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM6IEEgbWV0YS1h
bmFseXNpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VmFzY3VsYXI8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVs
bC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+Mjg1LTk2
PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAx
NC8wNy8xNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZl
bW9yYWwgVmVpbi8qc3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TGFzZXIgVGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5RdWFsaXR5IG9mIExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVub3VzIFZl
aW4vKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VydmV5cyBhbmQgUXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+ZW5kb3Zlbm91cyBsYXNlciB0aGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPm1ldGEtYW5hbHlz
aXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD52ZWluczwva2V5
d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+
SnVuPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTcwOC01MzgxPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nl
c3Npb24tbnVtPjI1MDI2ODkyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVy
bD5odHRwOi8vam91cm5hbHMuc2FnZXB1Yi5jb20vZG9pL2Ficy8xMC4xMTc3LzE3MDg1MzgxMTQ1
NDI2MzM/dXJsX3Zlcj1aMzkuODgtMjAwMyZhbXA7cmZyX2lkPW9yaTpyaWQ6Y3Jvc3NyZWYub3Jn
JmFtcDtyZnJfZGF0PWNyX3B1YiUzZHB1Ym1lZDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48
ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE3Ny8xNzA4NTM4MTE0NTQyNjMzPC9lbGVjdHJv
bmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRh
dGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48
Q2l0ZT48WWVhcj4yMDA4PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MjM8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjIzPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlw
MjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjY0NTcxMjci
PjIzPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkJvb2sgU2VjdGlvbiI+NTwv
cmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5WYXJp
Y29zZSB2ZWluczogU3VyZ2ljYWwgYW5kIG5vbi1zdXJnaWNhbCB0cmVhdG1lbnQgb3B0aW9uczwv
dGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDg8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHVibGlzaGVy
PklRV2lHIChJbnN0aXR1dGUgZm9yIFF1YWxpdHkgYW5kIEVmZmljaWVuY3kgaW4gSGVhbHRoIENh
cmUpPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxN
PC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 The need of the study arises because in developing countries like india, manual wok is very common. Varicose vein is one of the major issues in current scenario in India. It is necessary to create awareness to the people regarding better treatment that is available in cost wise, more safety and quality of life and with less complications. Enlarged veins occurring below the skin’s surface, usually in the legs occurring due to leaky valves within the veins is a common phenomenon in hard working manual laborers. They can be painful and itchy, the surrounding skin may change colour, and occasionally they may bleed; in some people, untreated varicose veins may lead to ulceration. Symptomatically they may affect productivity and increase disability. Hence their management is very vital. Until recently, the standard treatment consisted of ligating vena saphena magna (VSM) at saphenofemoral junction, stripping below knee and mini phlebectomies. Additionally, branches of VSM at junction are ligated and divided and thus, the recurrence is aimed to be prevented. Conventional management of the incompetent saphenous vein in patients with symptomatic varicose veins is generally believed to be best treated with removal of the saphenous vein from the saphenofemoral junction to the level of the knee or below, along with individual ligation of the saphenous branches in the groin. Ligation and stripping is the standard treatment for varicose veins, with the highest rate of initial success and lowest rate of recurrence. Any alternative technique to high ligation and stripping of the saphenous vein must have the same or better outcome, ideally without the associated morbidity. With the development of minimal invasive techniques in the past 10 years, the usage of laser energy came to the fore for the endovenous thermal ablation of VSM. Radiofrequency ablation and ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy methods have emerged. Postoperative follow up results of those 3 techniques are still debating and continued to be evaluated. Novel methods such as Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), foam sclerotherapy became popular as alternatives to this surgical procedure. All of these methods have been compared to each other in various studies. In studies comparing RFA and High ligation and stripping methods RFA method has been reported to have significant advantagesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12, 13. Current evidence based on randomized trials consistently demonstrates significant early benefits after RFA in suitable patients with varicose veins. Five-year outcomes from large cohort studies appear comparable to those after conventional surgery.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZXJjaGFudDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZXJjaGFudDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 14 Several studies have demonstrated that the procedure is safe, with a vein occlusion rate of 90–100 per cent and a patient satisfaction rate of over 90 per cent. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Merchant</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>62</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">15</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528215177">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Merchant, R. F.</author><author>DePalma, R. G.</author><author>Kabnick, L. S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Reno Vein Clinic, 1420 Holcomb Avenue, Suite A, Reno, NV 89502, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Endovascular obliteration of saphenous reflux: a multicenter study</title><secondary-title>J Vasc Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of vascular surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1190-6</pages><volume>35</volume><number>6</number><edition>2002/06/04</edition><keywords><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Registries/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>*Saphenous Vein</keyword><keyword>Time Factors</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/epidemiology/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2002</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0741-5214 (Print)
0741-5214</isbn><accession-num>12042730</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>15 There are no such studies from our country. Unlike older surgical-based techniques, radiofrequency ablation involves no incision, and requires minimal recovery time. Usually, patients find ablation relatively painless. But there are very less number of studies conducted in India comparing Endovenous radiofrequency ablation to high ligation and stripping (HL/S) surgery. There is still a need to conduct more randomized control studies to bring up more evidences. So, we carried out our study with the objective to compare VSM high ligation and stripping (HL/S) to the endovenous radiofrequency ablation procedure in cases with varicosis due to VSM insufficiency. AIMS & OBJECTIVESAIMS AND OBJECTIVES:1.To compare the short-term outcome between Trendelenburg surgery versus endovenous radiofrequency ablation.2.To analyze the following factors with consideration to both procedure a. Post –procedure pain b. Length of hospital stay c. Duration of lost work days d. Complications e. Patient satisfactionREVIEW OF LITERATUREREVIEW?OF LITERATUREVARICOSE VEINSVaricose vein is a dilated, elongated, tortuous and often palpable superficial venous system of the body especially of the lower extremities which are most common in the superficial veins of the legs.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1 it mainly arise due to incompetence in valves of deep superficial and/or perforating veins. This incompetence leads to reflux of blood causing increase in venous pressure resulting in dilated, elongated or tortuous subcutaneous veins of lower legs ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Joseph</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">16</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526304646">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Joseph, N.</author><author>B, A.</author><author>Faizan Thouseef, M.</author><author>Devi, M. U.</author><author>Abna, A.</author><author>Juneja, I.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.</auth-address><titles><title>A multicenter review of epidemiology and management of varicose veins for national guidance</title><secondary-title>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</secondary-title><alt-title>Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>21-7</pages><volume>8</volume><edition>2016/06/04</edition><keywords><keyword>Clinical profile</keyword><keyword>Management practices</keyword><keyword>Risk factors</keyword><keyword>Varicose veins</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2049-0801 (Print)
2049-0801</isbn><accession-num>27257482</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. This condition is primarily considered to be a cosmetic problem and widely mistaken to be medically unimportant and given low priority for treatment ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schoonover</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">17</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526623405">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schoonover, J. P.</author><author>King, J. T.</author><author>Gray, C.</author><author>Campbell, K.</author><author>Sherman, C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Vein Clinics of America, Indianapolis, IN USA. jschoonover@</auth-address><titles><title>3 alternatives to standard varicose vein treatment</title><secondary-title>J Fam Pract</secondary-title><alt-title>The Journal of family practice</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Fam Pract</full-title><abbr-1>The Journal of family practice</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Fam Pract</full-title><abbr-1>The Journal of family practice</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>522-6</pages><volume>58</volume><number>10</number><edition>2009/10/31</edition><keywords><keyword>Ablation Techniques/*methods</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Hyperthermia, Induced</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/methods</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/*methods</keyword><keyword>Pain/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Saline Solution, Hypertonic</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Ultrasonography</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/diagnostic imaging/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0094-3509</isbn><accession-num>19874730</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>17. A cross-sectional study of 40,000 patients, shows females are more prone to varicose veins (61% of women and 38% of men) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jawien</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>38</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">18</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526642441">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Jawien, Arkadiusz</author><author>Grzela, T.</author><author>Ochwat, A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in Poland: Multicentre cross-sectional study in 40,095 patients</title></titles><pages>110-122</pages><volume>18</volume><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url> SYMPTOMSPain,SwellingOpen ulcerationItching with painful sensation EdemaCramps ,Discoloration.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYWJuaWNrPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYWJuaWNrPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3, 19COMPLICATIONSBleeding,Ulceration Lipodermatosclerosis, Pulmonary embolismHematoma Dvt (deep venous thrombosis).PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Subramonia</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>35</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">21</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526639487">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Subramonia, S.</author><author>Lees, T. A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Treatment of Varicose Veins</title><secondary-title>Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England</full-title></periodical><pages>96-100</pages><volume>89</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><publisher>The Royal College of Surgeons of England</publisher><isbn>0035-8843
1478-7083</isbn><accession-num>PMC1964550</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> FACTORS: Age , gender(female), weight gain, oral contraceptives, heredity, smoking, sitting posture during work ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kroeger</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>39</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">22</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526643290">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kroeger, K.</author><author>Ose, C.</author><author>Rudofsky, G.</author><author>Roesener, J.</author><author>Hirche, H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Angiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany. knut.kroeger@uni-essen.de</auth-address><titles><title>Risk factors for varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Angiol</secondary-title><alt-title>International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Angiol</full-title><abbr-1>International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Angiol</full-title><abbr-1>International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>29-34</pages><volume>23</volume><number>1</number><edition>2004/05/25</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Cross-Sectional Studies</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0392-9590 (Print)
0392-9590</isbn><accession-num>15156127</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>22 STANDARDISED CLASSIFICATION FOR VARICOSE VEINS:For publications dealing with the management of CVD to have more universal value, standardized reporting practices with uniform terminology are needed. The CEAP classification (1995, 2004),PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbGxlZ3JhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjY0PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
MjMtMjU8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj42NDwvcmVjLW51
bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9IjI5cDI5cHZlcnR4cjJnZXR0
dGd4dmZlZ3BwMnMycHJwZmFyMCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNTI4MjE2MDIyIj42NDwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+QWxsZWdyYSwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkFudGlnbmFuaSwgUC4gTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJlcmdhbiwgSi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkNhcnBlbnRpZXIsIFAuIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db2xlcmlkZ2UtU21pdGgs
IFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db3JudS1UaGVuYXJkLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWts
b2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QYXJ0c2NoLCBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UmFiZSwg
RS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlVobCwgSi4gRi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldpZG1lciwgTS4g
VC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlICZx
dW90O0MmcXVvdDsgb2YgQ0VBUDogc3VnZ2VzdGVkIGRlZmluaXRpb25zIGFuZCByZWZpbmVtZW50
czogYW4gSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBVbmlvbiBvZiBQaGxlYm9sb2d5IGNvbmZlcmVuY2Ugb2YgZXhw
ZXJ0czwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRs
ZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnIt
MT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogVmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91
cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+
MTI5LTMxPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjM3PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRp
b24+MjAwMy8wMS8wNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hyb25pYyBEaXNlYXNl
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Tb2NpZXRpZXMsIE1l
ZGljYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFzY3VsYXIgRGlzZWFzZXMvY2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb248
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlZlaW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFy
PjIwMDM8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRl
cz48aXNibj4wNzQxLTUyMTQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDc0MS01MjE0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjEyNTE0NTg5PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRw
czovL3d3dy5qdmFzY3N1cmcub3JnL2FydGljbGUvUzA3NDEtNTIxNCgwMik3NTE4OC00L3BkZjwv
dXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTA2
Ny9tdmEuMjAwMy40NzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1w
cm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5n
dWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fa2xvZjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIw
MDQ8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT42MzwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NjM8L3JlYy1u
dW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSIyOXAyOXB2ZXJ0eHIyZ2V0
dHRneHZmZWdwcDJzMnBycGZhcjAiIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTUyODIxNTk4NiI+NjM8L2tleT48L2Zv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+
PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkVrbG9mLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
UnV0aGVyZm9yZCwgUi4gQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJlcmdhbiwgSi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkNhcnBlbnRpZXIsIFAuIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HbG92aWN6a2ksIFAuPC9h
dXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LaXN0bmVyLCBSLiBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWVpc3NuZXIsIE0u
IEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Nb25ldGEsIEcuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NeWVycywg
Sy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBhZGJlcmcsIEYuIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QZXJyaW4s
IE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SdWNrbGV5LCBDLiBWLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U21pdGgs
IFAuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XYWtlZmllbGQsIFQuIFcuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3Jz
PjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+VW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBMdW5kLCBIZWxzaW5n
Ym9yZywgU3dlZGVuLiBtb2JvZWtAdGVsaWEuY29tPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0
bGU+UmV2aXNpb24gb2YgdGhlIENFQVAgY2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb24gZm9yIGNocm9uaWMgdmVub3Vz
IGRpc29yZGVyczogY29uc2Vuc3VzIHN0YXRlbWVudDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5K
IFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxh
ciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBW
YXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8
L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogVmFzYyBT
dXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJy
LTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTI0OC01MjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT40MDwvdm9s
dW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NjwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDQvMTIvMjk8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdv
cmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNocm9uaWMgRGlzZWFzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmVub3VzIEluc3VmZmljaWVuY3kvKmNsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDQ8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5E
ZWM8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wNzQxLTUyMTQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7
MDc0MS01MjE0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE1NjIyMzg1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1
cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5qdmFzY3N1cmcub3JnL2FydGljbGUv
UzA3NDEtNTIxNCgwNCkwMTI3Ny03L3BkZjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxl
Y3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9qLmp2cy4yMDA0LjA5LjAyNzwvZWxlY3Ryb25p
Yy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRh
YmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENp
dGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Qb3J0ZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+NjU8L1Jl
Y051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjY1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtl
eSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0
aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjgyNjM3ODkiPjY1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5h
bWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcj5Qb3J0ZXIsIEouIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Nb25ldGEsIEcuIEwuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGl2aXNpb24gb2YgVmFz
Y3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwgT3JlZ29uIEhlYWx0aCBTY2llbmNlcyBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBQb3J0bGFu
ZCA5NzIwMS0zMDk4LCBVU0EuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UmVwb3J0aW5n
IHN0YW5kYXJkcyBpbiB2ZW5vdXMgZGlzZWFzZTogYW4gdXBkYXRlLiBJbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIENv
bnNlbnN1cyBDb21taXR0ZWUgb24gQ2hyb25pYyBWZW5vdXMgRGlzZWFzZTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29u
ZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5h
bCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1
bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1
bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRp
dGxlPkogVmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBz
dXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NjM1LTQ1PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjIxPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj40PC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MTk5NS8wNC8wMTwvZWRp
dGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWN1dGUgRGlzZWFzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5B
ZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2UgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2Vk
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFybS9ibG9vZCBzdXBwbHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hy
b25pYyBEaXNlYXNlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5I
dW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGVnL2Jsb29kIHN1cHBseTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QdWxtb25hcnkgRW1ib2xpc20vY2xhc3Np
ZmljYXRpb24vZGlhZ25vc2lzL3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVmZXJlbmNlIFN0
YW5kYXJkczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SaXNrIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
VGhyb21ib3BobGViaXRpcy9kaWFnbm9zaXMvcGF0aG9sb2d5L3BoeXNpb3BhdGhvbG9neS90aGVy
YXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipWYXNjdWxhcjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5EaXNlYXNl
cy9jbGFzc2lmaWNhdGlvbi9kaWFnbm9zaXMvcGF0aG9sb2d5L3BoeXNpb3BhdGhvbG9neS9zdXJn
ZXJ5L3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MTk5NTwveWVhcj48
cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkFwcjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjA3NDEt
NTIxNCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswNzQxLTUyMTQ8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+NzcwNzU2ODwv
YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08
L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29y
ZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbGxlZ3JhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 23-25 venous severity scoring (2000) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rutherford</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">26</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528263950">66</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rutherford, R. B.</author><author>Padberg, F. T., Jr.</author><author>Comerota, A. J.</author><author>Kistner, R. L.</author><author>Meissner, M. H.</author><author>Moneta, G. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>American Venous Forum's Ad Hoc Committee on Venous Outcomes Assessment, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Venous severity scoring: An adjunct to venous outcome assessment</title><secondary-title>J Vasc Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of vascular surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1307-12</pages><volume>31</volume><number>6</number><edition>2000/06/08</edition><keywords><keyword>Activities of Daily Living</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Clinical Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Diagnostic Imaging</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Severity of Illness Index</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/*classification/physiopathology/therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0741-5214 (Print)
0741-5214</isbn><accession-num>10842165</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>26 and the nomenclature extensions and refinements of the veins of the lower limbs (2005) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Caggiati</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>67</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">27</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>67</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528263966">67</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Caggiati, A.</author><author>Bergan, J. J.</author><author>Gloviczki, P.</author><author>Eklof, B.</author><author>Allegra, C.</author><author>Partsch, H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Anatomy, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. alberto.caggiati@uniroma1.it <alberto.caggiati@uniroma1.it></auth-address><titles><title>Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limb: extensions, refinements, and clinical application</title><secondary-title>J Vasc Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of vascular surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>719-24</pages><volume>41</volume><number>4</number><edition>2005/05/06</edition><keywords><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lower Extremity/*blood supply</keyword><keyword>Pelvis/blood supply</keyword><keyword>Practice Guidelines as Topic</keyword><keyword>*Terminology as Topic</keyword><keyword>*Veins</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0741-5214 (Print)
0741-5214</isbn><accession-num>15874941</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jvs.2005.01.018</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>27 have generated a momentum in the quest for promoting consistency in medical venous reporting.CEAP CLASSIFICATION:PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fa2xvZjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fa2xvZjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4zNzwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjIz
LCAyNCwgMjg8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zNzwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9IjI5cDI5cHZlcnR4cjJn
ZXR0dGd4dmZlZ3BwMnMycHJwZmFyMCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNTI2NjQxNTUzIj4zNzwva2V5Pjwv
Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlw
ZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+RWtsb2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5QZXJyaW4sIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5EZWxpcywgSy4gVC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PlJ1dGhlcmZvcmQsIFIuIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HbG92aWN6a2ksIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+
PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+VW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBMdW5k
LCBIZWxzaW5nYm9yZywgU3dlZGVuLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlVwZGF0
ZWQgdGVybWlub2xvZ3kgb2YgY2hyb25pYyB2ZW5vdXMgZGlzb3JkZXJzOiB0aGUgVkVJTi1URVJN
IHRyYW5zYXRsYW50aWMgaW50ZXJkaXNjaXBsaW5hcnkgY29uc2Vuc3VzIGRvY3VtZW50PC90aXRs
ZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogVmFzYyBTdXJnPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRs
ZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwg
b2YgdmFzY3VsYXIgc3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+
PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZh
c2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz40OTgtNTAxPC9w
YWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjQ5PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4yPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwOS8w
Mi8xNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5ldXJ5c20vY2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb248
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hyb25pYyBEaXNlYXNlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbnNl
bnN1cyBEZXZlbG9wbWVudCBDb25mZXJlbmNlcyBhcyBUb3BpYzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5I
dW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBDb29wZXJhdGlvbjwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBvc3R0aHJvbWJvdGljIFN5bmRyb21l
L2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkvKmNsYXNzaWZp
Y2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipUZXJtaW5vbG9neSBhcyBUb3BpYzwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29jZWxlL2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZhcmlj
b3NlIFZlaW5zL2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZhc2N1bGFyIERpc2Vh
c2VzLypjbGFzc2lmaWNhdGlvbi9jb21wbGljYXRpb25zL2RpYWdub3Npcy9waHlzaW9wYXRob2xv
Z3kvdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXNjdWxhciBTdXJnaWNhbCBQcm9jZWR1cmVz
LypjbGFzc2lmaWNhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WZW5vdXMgSW5zdWZmaWNpZW5jeS9j
bGFzc2lmaWNhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA5PC95ZWFy
PjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+RmViPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDc0
MS01MjE0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE5MjE2OTcwPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxz
PjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5qdmFzY3N1cmcub3JnL2FydGljbGUvUzA3
NDEtNTIxNCgwOCkwMTU5OC1YL3BkZjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ry
b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9qLmp2cy4yMDA4LjA5LjAxNDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1y
ZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFz
ZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+
PEF1dGhvcj5BbGxlZ3JhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjY0PC9SZWNO
dW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj42NDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkg
YXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9IjI5cDI5cHZlcnR4cjJnZXR0dGd4dmZlZ3BwMnMycHJwZmFyMCIgdGlt
ZXN0YW1wPSIxNTI4MjE2MDIyIj42NDwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1l
PSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxh
dXRob3I+QWxsZWdyYSwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFudGlnbmFuaSwgUC4gTC48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkJlcmdhbiwgSi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNhcnBlbnRpZXIsIFAuIEgu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db2xlcmlkZ2UtU21pdGgsIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db3Ju
dS1UaGVuYXJkLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWtsb2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Q
YXJ0c2NoLCBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UmFiZSwgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlVobCwg
Si4gRi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldpZG1lciwgTS4gVC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9j
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlICZxdW90O0MmcXVvdDsgb2YgQ0VBUDogc3Vn
Z2VzdGVkIGRlZmluaXRpb25zIGFuZCByZWZpbmVtZW50czogYW4gSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBVbmlv
biBvZiBQaGxlYm9sb2d5IGNvbmZlcmVuY2Ugb2YgZXhwZXJ0czwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2
YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0
bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1
cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkog
VmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTI5LTMxPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjM3
PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwMy8wMS8wNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48
a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hyb25pYyBEaXNlYXNlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFu
czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Tb2NpZXRpZXMsIE1lZGljYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
VmFzY3VsYXIgRGlzZWFzZXMvY2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlZlaW5z
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDM8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48
ZGF0ZT5KYW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wNzQxLTUyMTQgKFByaW50
KSYjeEQ7MDc0MS01MjE0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjEyNTE0NTg5PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5qdmFzY3N1cmcub3JnL2Fy
dGljbGUvUzA3NDEtNTIxNCgwMik3NTE4OC00L3BkZjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJs
cz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTA2Ny9tdmEuMjAwMy40NzwvZWxlY3Ryb25p
Yy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRh
YmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENp
dGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fa2xvZjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDQ8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT42MzwvUmVj
TnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NjM8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5
IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSIyOXAyOXB2ZXJ0eHIyZ2V0dHRneHZmZWdwcDJzMnBycGZhcjAiIHRp
bWVzdGFtcD0iMTUyODIxNTk4NiI+NjM8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFt
ZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48
YXV0aG9yPkVrbG9mLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UnV0aGVyZm9yZCwgUi4gQi48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkJlcmdhbiwgSi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNhcnBlbnRpZXIsIFAuIEgu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HbG92aWN6a2ksIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LaXN0bmVyLCBS
LiBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWVpc3NuZXIsIE0uIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Nb25l
dGEsIEcuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NeWVycywgSy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBhZGJl
cmcsIEYuIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QZXJyaW4sIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SdWNr
bGV5LCBDLiBWLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U21pdGgsIFAuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5X
YWtlZmllbGQsIFQuIFcuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFk
ZHJlc3M+VW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBMdW5kLCBIZWxzaW5nYm9yZywgU3dlZGVuLiBtb2JvZWtAdGVs
aWEuY29tPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UmV2aXNpb24gb2YgdGhlIENFQVAg
Y2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb24gZm9yIGNocm9uaWMgdmVub3VzIGRpc29yZGVyczogY29uc2Vuc3VzIHN0
YXRlbWVudDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRp
dGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90
aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFi
YnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogVmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+
Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFn
ZXM+MTI0OC01MjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT40MDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NjwvbnVtYmVyPjxl
ZGl0aW9uPjIwMDQvMTIvMjk8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNocm9uaWMgRGlz
ZWFzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmVub3VzIElu
c3VmZmljaWVuY3kvKmNsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5
ZWFyPjIwMDQ8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5EZWM8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9k
YXRlcz48aXNibj4wNzQxLTUyMTQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDc0MS01MjE0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Np
b24tbnVtPjE1NjIyMzg1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5o
dHRwczovL3d3dy5qdmFzY3N1cmcub3JnL2FydGljbGUvUzA3NDEtNTIxNCgwNCkwMTI3Ny03L3Bk
ZjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAu
MTAxNi9qLmp2cy4yMDA0LjA5LjAyNzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1k
YXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+
ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 23, 24, 28The field of chronic venous disorders (CVD) previously suffered from lack of precision in diagnosis. This deficiency led to conflicting reports in studies of management of specific venous problems, at a time when new methods were being offered to improve treatment for both simple and more complicated venous diseases. It was believed that these conflicts could be resolved with precise diagnosis and classification of the underlying venous problem. The CEAP classification (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) was adopted worldwide to facilitate meaningful communication about CVD and serve as a basis for more scientific analysis of management alternatives. This classification, based on correct diagnosis, was also expected to serve as a systematic guide in the daily clinical investigation of patients as an orderly documentation system and basis for decisions regarding appropriate treatment.The CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders (CVD) was developed in 1994 by an international ad hoc committee of the American Venous Forum, endorsed by the Society for Vascular Surgery, and incorporated into “Reporting Standards in Venous Disease” in 1995. Today most published clinical papers on CVD use all or portions of CEAP.At the Fifth Annual meeting of the American Venous Forum (AVF), in 1993, John Porter suggested using the same approach as the TNM classification (Tumor/Node/Metastasis) for cancer in developing a classification system for venous diseases. After a year of intense discussions a consensus conference was held at the Sixth Annual Meeting of AVF in February 1994, at which an international ad hoc committee, chaired by Andrew Nicolaides and with representatives from Australia, Europe, and the United States, developed the first CEAP consensus document. It contained 2 parts: a classification of CVD and a scoring system of the severity of CVD. The first CEAP classification was based on Clinical manifestations (C), Etiologic factors (E), Anatomic distribution of disease (A), and underlying Pathophysiologic findings (P). The severity scoring system was based on 3 elements: Number of anatomic segments affected, Grading of symptoms and signs, and Disability.Diagnosis and treatment of CVD is developing rapidly, and the need for an update of the classification logically follows. It is important to stress that CEAP is a descriptive classification. Venous severity scoring was developed to enable longitudinal outcomes assessment, but it became apparent that CEAP itself required updating and modification. In April 2002 an ad hoc committee on CEAP was appointed by AVF to review the classification and make recommendations for change by 2004. The updated changes, include additions to or refinements of several definitions used in describing CVD; refinement of the C classification of CEAP; addition of the descriptor n (no venous abnormality identified); incorporation of the date of classification and level of clinical investigation; and the description of “basic CEAP,” introduced as a simpler alternative to the full (advanced) CEAP classificationCLINICAL CLASSIFCATION:C0No visible or palpable signs of venous disease. C1Telangiectasies or reticular veins. C2Varicose veins; distinguished from reticular veins by a diameter of 3 mm or more.C3Edema. C4Changes in skin and subcutaneous tissue secondary to CVD,now divided into 2 subclasses to better define the differing severity of venous disease:C4aPigmentation or eczema. C4bLipodermatosclerosis and atrophie blanche. C5Healed venous ulcer. C6Active venous ulcer.Ssymptomatic, including ache, pain, tightness, skin irritation, heaviness, and muscle cramps, and other complaints attributable to venous dysfunctionAAsymptomaticETIOLOGIC CLASSIFCATION:EcCongenitalEpPrimaryEsSecondary (postthrombotic)EnNo venous cause identifieANATOMICAL CLASSIFCATION:AsSuperficial veinsApPerforator veinsAdDeep veinsAnNo venous location identifiedPATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONBasic CEAPPrRefluxPoObstructionPr,oReflux and obstructionPnNo venous pathophysiology identifiableAdvanced CEAP: Same as basic CEAP, with addition that any of 18 named venous segments can be used as locators for venous pathologySuperficial veinsTelangiectasies or reticular veinsGreat saphenous vein above kneeGreat saphenous vein below kneeSmall saphenous veinNonsaphenous veinsDeep veinsInferior vena cavaCommon iliac veinInternal iliac veinExternal iliac veinPelvic: gonadal, broad ligament veins, otherCommon femoral veinDeep femoral veinFemoral veinPopliteal veinCrural: anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal veins(all paired)Muscular: gastrocnemial, soleal veins, otherPerforating veinsThighCalfCLINICAL CLASSIFCATION:Each clinical class is further characterized by a subscript for the presence of symptoms (S, symptomatic) or absence of symptoms (A, asymptomatic), for example, C2A or C5S. Symptoms include aching, pain, tightness, skin irritation, heaviness, muscle cramps, and other complaints attributable to venous dysfunction. To improve the assignment of designations under E, A, and P a new descriptor, n, is now recommended for use where no venous abnormality is identified. This n could be added to E (En, no venous cause identified), A (An venous location identified), and P (Pn ,no venous pathophysiology identified). CEAP is not a static classification; disease can be reclassified at any time. Classification starts with the patient’s initial visit, but can be better defined after further investigations. Any CEAP classification be followed by the date. SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP VENOUS INSUFFICIENCYThe most common cause is the valve insufficiency of the deep veins due to DVT and congenital valve abnormalities. Venous reflux increases the risk of developing varicose veins, especially in cases of combined deep and superficial reflux.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gUmlqPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gUmlqPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 29 Refluxing superficial vessels can safely be stripped. Surgical or endovenous therapy is commonly reserved for patients with ulcers refractory to medical treatment. Successful management of superficial venous refluxing only is helpful in reducing the syptoms of deep venous refluxing. External valvuloplasty, such as external vein valve wrapping, is a reconstructive surgical modality preferred in cases with dilation and reflux due to valve incompetency. It increase the coating surface and restore valve competency by external support and has not gained large popularity due to its efficacy. VARICOSE VEINSVaricose veins are bulged, widened veins in the subcutaneous tissues in lower extremes of the legs and are often easily visible. Their valves are usually incompetent so that reflux of blood occurs, and the resulting venous hypertension, thus it leads to the symptoms of varicose veins. the common symptoms show the discoloration of the skin and the vein appear superficially. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Campbell</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>45</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">30</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526712252">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Campbell, Bruce</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Varicose veins and their management</title><secondary-title>BMJ : British Medical Journal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMJ : British Medical Journal</full-title></periodical><pages>287-292</pages><volume>333</volume><number>7562</number><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>06/16/accepted</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>BMJ Group</publisher><isbn>0959-8138
1756-1833</isbn><accession-num>PMC1526945</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> VEINS: These are located in between fascia and the skin the main superficial veins are great saphenous vein (GSV) is the larger vein in subcutaneous superficial vein and short saphenous vein(SSA). The ?GSV originates from the medial superficial veins of the dorsum of foot. there are posterior and anterior accessory saphenous veins in the calf and the thigh. The Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) is the confluence of GSV and the superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, and external pudndal veins.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db29wZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db29wZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAzPC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+NDY8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij4z
MTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjQ2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVy
Pjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2
ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjY3MTM0NzkiPjQ2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5Db29wZXIsIEQuIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5I
aWxsbWFuLUNvb3BlciwgQy4gUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJhcmtlciwgUy4gRy48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkhvbGxpbmdzd29ydGgsIFMuIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+VGhlIEFjYWRlbWljIFZhc2N1bGFyIFVuaXQgRGVwYXJ0bWVu
dCBvZiBTdXJnZXJ5LCBSb3lhbCBGcmVlIGFuZCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IENvbGxlZ2UgTG9uZG9uIE1l
ZGljYWwgU2Nob29sLCBUaGUgTWlkZGxlc2V4IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBMb25kb24gVzFOIDhBQSwgVUsu
PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UHJpbWFyeSB2YXJpY29zZSB2ZWluczogdGhl
IHNhcGhlbm8tZmVtb3JhbCBqdW5jdGlvbiwgZGlzdHJpYnV0aW9uIG9mIHZhcmljb3NpdGllcyBh
bmQgcGF0dGVybnMgb2YgaW5jb21wZXRlbmNlPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkV1ciBK
IFZhc2MgRW5kb3Zhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+RXVyb3BlYW4g
am91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBhbmQgZW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnkgOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNp
YWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeTwv
YWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkV1ciBKIFZhc2MgRW5k
b3Zhc2MgU3VyZzwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkV1cm9wZWFuIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdmFzY3Vs
YXIgYW5kIGVuZG92YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5IDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhl
IEV1cm9wZWFuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIFZhc2N1bGFyIFN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkV1ciBKIFZhc2MgRW5kb3Zhc2MgU3VyZzwv
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkV1cm9wZWFuIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdmFzY3VsYXIgYW5kIGVuZG92
YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5IDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIFNv
Y2lldHkgZm9yIFZhc2N1bGFyIFN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdl
cz41My05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjI1PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRp
b24+MjAwMy8wMS8xNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkFnZWQsIDgwIGFuZCBvdmVyPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1vcmFsIFZlaW4vKmFuYXRvbXkgJmFt
cDsgaGlzdG9sb2d5L2RpYWdub3N0aWMgaW1hZ2luZzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZXRyb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2Fw
aGVub3VzIFZlaW4vKmFuYXRvbXkgJmFtcDsgaGlzdG9sb2d5L2RpYWdub3N0aWMgaW1hZ2luZzwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TZXggRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5VbHRyYXNvbm9n
cmFwaHksIERvcHBsZXIsIER1cGxleDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlucy8q
ZGlhZ25vc3RpYyBpbWFnaW5nLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3Jk
Pjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDM8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48
L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xMDc4LTU4ODQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MTA3
OC01ODg0PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjEyNTI1ODEyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxz
PjwvdXJscz48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXBy
b3ZpZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 31DEEP VEINS Deep veins of lower extremities of limbs are present on both sides of the arteries which includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal veins . The posterior tibial vein receives blood from the medial and lateral plantar vein and drains the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot. This vein lies behind the tibia always and joins the popliteal vein at the posterior knee. The anterior tibial vein is the upward continuation of the dorsal pedal vein. It runs along the anterior compartment of the leg just above the interosseous membrane between the tibia and the fibula, and joins the posterior tibial vein to form the tibioperoneal trunk and popliteal vein. The peroneal vein runs along the posteromedial aspect of the fibula and joins the posterior tibial vein. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lee</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>47</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">32</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>47</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526714216">47</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lee, Dong-Kyu</author><author>Ahn, Kyung-Sik</author><author>Kang, Chang Ho</author><author>Cho, Sung Bum</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ultrasonography of the lower extremity veins: anatomy and basic approach</title><secondary-title>Ultrasonography</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ultrasonography</full-title></periodical><pages>120-130</pages><volume>36</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>01/30
01/05/received
01/29/revised
01/30/accepted</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine</publisher><isbn>2288-5919
2288-5943</isbn><accession-num>PMC5381851</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> VEINSPerforating veins are superficial veins that connect to the deep venous system with the superficial veins. They pass through the deep fascia that separates the superficial compartment from the deep veins and communicates the veins within the system. Among the most important leg perforating veins are medial calf perforators. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mozes</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>48</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">33</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>48</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526714482">48</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mozes, G.</author><author>Gloviczki, P.</author><author>Menawat, S. S.</author><author>Fisher, D. R.</author><author>Carmichael, S. W.</author><author>Kadar, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Surgical anatomy for endoscopic subfascial division of perforating veins</title><secondary-title>J Vasc Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of vascular surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>800-8</pages><volume>24</volume><number>5</number><edition>1996/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Cadaver</keyword><keyword>Corrosion Casting</keyword><keyword>Endoscopy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Fascia/anatomy & histology</keyword><keyword>*Fasciotomy</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Leg/*blood supply</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Veins/anatomy & histology/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0741-5214 (Print)
0741-5214</isbn><accession-num>8918327</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>33INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATION OF TREATMENT FOR VARICOSE VEINSThe purpose of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent the progression of varicose veins. Symptomatic patients with C2 to C6 diseases are indicated for management, especially those who have signs of chronic venous insufficiency, superficial thrombophlebitis, and bleeding ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526305817">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin, F.</author><author>Zhang, S.</author><author>Sun, Y.</author><author>Ren, S.</author><author>Liu, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>1 Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China.</auth-address><titles><title>The management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>International surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>185-9</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2015/01/17</edition><keywords><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Laser Therapy</keyword><keyword>Pain, Postoperative/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Return to Work</keyword><keyword>*Sclerotherapy</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0020-8868</isbn><accession-num>25594661</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Asymptomatic patients can be observed and do not need treatment or prophylactic intervention However, cosmesis is a common reason for treatment of asymptomatic patients, especially for young female patients. It is controversial to perform surgery on patients who have recovered from the superficial phlebitis, because the dilated varicose veins usually disappeared without further surgical treatment. It is not indicated to perform thrombectomy for superficial thrombosis in great saphenous veins. The patients should be educated prior to surgery that varicose vein surgery is not curative, and early surgery in uncomplicated veins will not prevent the development of future varicosities.The contraindications for surgical management of varicose veins are occlusion of the deep venous system, such as acute DVT, pregnancy, the superficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins, and arterial insufficiency; caution is needed in performing surgery on patients with postthrombotic syndrome, venous refluxing combined with arterial venous fistula, or venous malformation. Imaging to assess the patency of the deep veins is critical before surgery. Emergent management is usually reserved for bleeding varicosities or suspected DVT.MANAGEMENTTreatment of varicose veins includes both surgical and non surgical procedure . Surgical methods include traditional methods (Trendelenberg Surgery) and modern minimally invasive methods. High ligation and stripping is the traditional approach for varicose veins, yet a variety of alternative options have been used in recent decades, such as endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), foam sclerotherapy (FS).Non surgical methods includeCompression therapy elastic compression stockings such as compression bandages are used ,it effectively reduces edema and pain.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3 Pharmacotherapy phlebotropic drugs (flavonoids) are given for reducing the severity of inflammation thus reduces the oedema and pain. other drugs includes Alpha-benzopyrones( Coumarine ), Benzopyrones. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Gohel</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">8</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526882755">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gohel, M. S.</author><author>Davies, A. H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Imperial Vascular Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK.</auth-address><titles><title>Pharmacological agents in the treatment of venous disease: an update of the available evidence</title><secondary-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</secondary-title><alt-title>Current vascular pharmacology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</full-title><abbr-1>Current vascular pharmacology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Curr Vasc Pharmacol</full-title><abbr-1>Current vascular pharmacology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>303-8</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><edition>2009/07/16</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Clinical Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Diosmin/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Hemostatics/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Hydroxyethylrutoside/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Vascular Diseases/classification/*drug therapy</keyword><keyword>Vasoconstrictor Agents/*therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Veins/*drug effects</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1570-1611 (Print)
1570-1611</isbn><accession-num>19601855</accession-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>8Life style modification: elevation of leg, and exercise which gives temporary relief that improves blood flow apart form . SURGICAL METHODSSeverity of the disease is measured with CEAP classification. The main purpose of the surgery is to relieve the patients from symptoms. surgery is preferred only in the stage of CEAP C2 and above.TRENDELENBERG SURGERYTrendelenberg Surgical treatment is the oldest method for dealing with varicose veins. The operating technique was developed in 1905 by William Wayne Babcock and is still used with some modifications. Methods to manage great saphenous veins traditionally include ligation and division of the saphenofemoral junction and its tributaries in the groin, stripping the great saphenous veins from groin to knee level. The incompetent small saphenous veins are ligated and divided and close to the popliteal vein in the knee pit, because stripping of small saphenous veins may potentially damage the sural nerve.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvZXplbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvZXplbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 34 Surgery is done with general anaesthesia or local anaesthesia. Small incision is put with few centimetres of gap along the effected vein in order to bring up the veins upon the skinPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaHdhbGE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 3. If the incisions are small they are left without sutures giving better healing output. Later on modification of this method came up with transillumination powered phlebectomy (TIPP), in which varicose veins are mechanically removed by inserting into vein by puncturing into subcutaneous tissue, the transilluminator helps locate the varicose veins, which are broken into pieces and sucked out by a special tube. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Luebke</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>55</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">35</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>55</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526881888">55</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luebke, T.</author><author>Brunkwall, J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Meta-analysis of transilluminated powered phlebectomy for superficial varicosities</title><secondary-title>Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>2009-12-16</date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url> The success rate of conventional surgery is almost 100%PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 36 but chance of post operative complications are high than other endovenous ablation proceduresDisadvantages: Recurrence, Hematoma, and Skin infection can occur after surgical procedure. Massive bleeding due to injury to femoral veins, femoral artery during surgery, and mortality from pulmonary embolism and DVT can also occur, although rarely reported HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_9" \o "Lin, 2015 #15" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
dW0+MTU8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij45PC9z
dHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTU8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSIyOXAyOXB2ZXJ0eHIyZ2V0dHRneHZmZWdw
cDJzMnBycGZhcjAiIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTUyNjMwNTgxNyI+MTU8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5
cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1
dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkxpbiwgRi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlpoYW5nLCBTLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U3VuLCBZLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UmVuLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+TGl1LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRy
ZXNzPjEgRGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBWYXNjdWxhciBTdXJnZXJ5LCBDaGluYS1KYXBhbiBGcmllbmRz
aGlwIEhvc3BpdGFsIE5vLiAyLCBZaW5naHVhIHl1YW4gRWFzdCBSb2FkLCBCZWlqaW5nLCBDaGlu
YS48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgbWFuYWdlbWVudCBvZiB2YXJpY29z
ZSB2ZWluczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5JbnQgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+SW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBl
cmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SW50IFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5JbnRlcm5h
dGlvbmFsIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkludCBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+SW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBzdXJnZXJ5
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTg1LTk8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTAw
PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAxNS8wMS8xNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48
a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkNhdGhldGVyIEFibGF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1
bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qTGFzZXIgVGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Q
YWluLCBQb3N0b3BlcmF0aXZlL2V0aW9sb2d5L3ByZXZlbnRpb24gJmFtcDsgY29udHJvbDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZXR1cm4gdG8gV29yazwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qU2NsZXJvdGhl
cmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5UcmVhdG1lbnQgT3V0Y29tZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlucy8qdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVh
cj4yMDE1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SmFuPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0
ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDAyMC04ODY4PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI1NTk0NjYxPC9hY2Nlc3Np
b24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWgu
Z292L3BtYy9hcnRpY2xlcy9QTUM0MzAxMjg3L3BkZi9pMDAyMC04ODY4LTEwMC0xLTE4NS5wZGY8
L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+UE1DNDMwMTI4NzwvY3VzdG9tMj48
ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuOTczOC9pbnRzdXJnLWQtMTQtMDAwODQuMTwvZWxl
Y3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90
ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0Np
dGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTU8
L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+
PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIw
IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBl
IG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhv
cnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MaW4sIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5aaGFuZywgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPlN1biwgWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlbiwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkxpdSwg
UC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz4xIERlcGFy
dG1lbnQgb2YgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ2hpbmEtSmFwYW4gRnJpZW5kc2hpcCBIb3NwaXRh
bCBOby4gMiwgWWluZ2h1YSB5dWFuIEVhc3QgUm9hZCwgQmVpamluZywgQ2hpbmEuPC9hdXRoLWFk
ZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgb2YgdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM8L3Rp
dGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SW50IFN1cmc8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxl
PkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3VyZ2VyeTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxm
dWxsLXRpdGxlPkludCBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+SW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBzdXJn
ZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5JbnQg
U3VyZzwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwv
YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjE4NS05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjEwMDwvdm9sdW1lPjxu
dW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTUvMDEvMTc8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPipDYXRoZXRlciBBYmxhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kkxhc2VyIFRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFpbiwgUG9zdG9w
ZXJhdGl2ZS9ldGlvbG9neS9wcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UmV0dXJuIHRvIFdvcms8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2Ug
VmVpbnMvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxNTwveWVh
cj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAw
MjAtODg2ODwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yNTU5NDY2MTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJs
cz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wbWMvYXJ0
aWNsZXMvUE1DNDMwMTI4Ny9wZGYvaTAwMjAtODg2OC0xMDAtMS0xODUucGRmPC91cmw+PC9yZWxh
dGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20yPlBNQzQzMDEyODc8L2N1c3RvbTI+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMt
cmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjk3MzgvaW50c3VyZy1kLTE0LTAwMDg0LjE8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVz
b3VyY2UtbnVtPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2Ut
cHJvdmlkZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90
ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 9.CONTRA INDICATIONS Though varicose vein are treatable with the surgical methods there some are contraindications for surgery such as: Acute DVT(deep vein thrombosis)PregnancySuperficial veins as collaterals for occluded deep veins,Arterial insufficiency Postthrombotic syndromeVenous refluxing combined with arterial venous fistula. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>van den Boezem</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">34</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526624470">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>van den Boezem, P. B.</author><author>Klem, T. M.</author><author>le Cocq d'Armandville, E.</author><author>Wittens, C. H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Surgery, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands. boezem@</auth-address><titles><title>The management of superficial venous incompetence</title><secondary-title>Bmj</secondary-title><alt-title>BMJ (Clinical research ed.)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bmj</full-title><abbr-1>BMJ (Clinical research ed.)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bmj</full-title><abbr-1>BMJ (Clinical research ed.)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>d4489</pages><volume>343</volume><edition>2011/08/06</edition><keywords><keyword>Ablation Techniques/methods</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Leg/*blood supply</keyword><keyword>Pain/etiology</keyword><keyword>Pain Measurement</keyword><keyword>Quality of Life</keyword><keyword>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Recovery of Function</keyword><keyword>*Saphenous Vein</keyword><keyword>Sclerotherapy/methods</keyword><keyword>Secondary Prevention</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 3</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0959-8138</isbn><accession-num>21816743</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> THERMOABLATION:The ablation procedures are performed in the office, rather than in an operating room. Endovenous thermoablation belongs to the category of minimally invasive catheter-based procedures. PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEyPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEyPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 37 It includes both radiofrequency and laser ablation procedures. In these procedures, a catheter is inserted and positioned at 2 cm below the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction. Local anesthesia is used with perivenous tumescent technique to prevent neural damage and skin burn. Alternatively, venous sedation can be used. The thermal energy is delivered onto the diseased venous wall and induces inflammation response and subsequent fibrosis and closure of the vein.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 Both the laser and RF ablation procedures use thermal energy in the form of laser or radiofrequency energy to close the blood vessel from the inside, so that the refluxing or failing?vein is no longer functional. 37, 38 The closed vein eventually is absorbed by the body. The "removal" of the failing vein reduces patient symptoms by decreasing venous pressure in the leg.Advantages Faster recovery from Endovenous thermoablation, no need for hospital admission, no surgical incision, and early resumption of daily activity . ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>van den Bos</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>27</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">39</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526625745">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>van den Bos, R. R.</author><author>Neumann, M.</author><author>Nijsten, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</auth-address><titles><title>Laser fibre stabs the catheter: a serious complication of endovenous laser ablation</title><secondary-title>Phlebology</secondary-title><alt-title>Phlebology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Phlebology</full-title><abbr-1>Phlebology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Phlebology</full-title><abbr-1>Phlebology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>119-20</pages><volume>26</volume><number>3</number><edition>2010/11/06</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Catheters</keyword><keyword>Equipment Failure</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/*adverse effects</keyword><keyword>Pain/etiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-3555</isbn><accession-num>21051769</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> ABLATIONRadiofrequency ablation uses radiofrequency energy in 20-second bursts via a tiny catheter inserted into the vein. This energy targets the collagen in the vein wall. Targeting the vein wall causes the vein to shrink around the catheter as the vein is being treated. The vein, therefore, actually closes as the treatment is administered. After radiofrequency ablation, the vein is smaller and thicker, and it no longer carries blood through it. With time, the vein actually gets absorbed by the surrounding tissues and disappears.?This technique of endovenous RFA has been available since 1998. This procedure emits thermal energy from a bipolar catheter to the effected veins. RFA(Radiofrequency ablation) is an effective and safe treatment modality for incompetent veins, it is minimally invasive procedure. clinical trial evidence suggests RFA and EVLA are more effective assurgery in the treatment of great saphenous varicoseveins. there is no difference in the outcomes of post operative complications.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbG1laWRhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbG1laWRhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 40 Radiofrequency ablation had a lower overall complication rate (P = .02) and shorter post-intervention hospital stay (P = .001)than conventional surgery. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41 the success rate of Complete occlusion of the great saphenous vein in RFA after 1 year is recorded as 80% and remaining 20% shown recurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+NTI8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij4z
Njwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjUyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVy
Pjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2
ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjY3MjgwNjIiPjUyPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXMsIEMuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5N
YXJ0aW5zLCBBLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RnVrdWRhLCBKLiBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+UGFyZW50ZSwgSi4gQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk11bmlhLCBNLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+RmlvcmFuZWxsaSwgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlRlaXZlbGlzLCBNLiBQLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VmFyZWxsYSwgQS4gWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNhZmZhcm8sIFIuIEEu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LdXpuaWVjLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+V29sb3NrZXIsIE4u
PC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+SG9zcGl0YWwg
SXNyYWVsaXRhIEFsYmVydCBFaW5zdGVpbiwgRGl2aXNpb24gb2YgVmFzY3VsYXIgYW5kIEVuZG92
YXNjdWxhciBTdXJnZXJ5LCBTYW8gUGF1bG8vU1AsIEJyYXppbC4mI3hEO0hvc3BpdGFsIE11bmlj
aXBhbCBEci4gTW95c2VzIERldXRzY2ggLSBNJmFwb3M7Qm9pIE1pcmltLCBTYW8gUGF1bG8vU1As
IEJyYXppbC4mI3hEO0lybWFuZGFkZSBkYSBTYW50YSBDYXNhIGRlIE1pc2VyaWNvcmRpYSBkZSBT
YW8gUGF1bG8sIERpdmlzaW9uIG9mIFZhc2N1bGFyIGFuZCBFbmRvdmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwg
U2FvIFBhdWxvL1NQLCBCcmF6aWwuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UmFuZG9t
aXplZCB0cmlhbCBvZiByYWRpb2ZyZXF1ZW5jeSBhYmxhdGlvbiB2ZXJzdXMgY29udmVudGlvbmFs
IHN1cmdlcnkgZm9yIHN1cGVyZmljaWFsIHZlbm91cyBpbnN1ZmZpY2llbmN5OiBpZiB5b3UgZG9u
JmFwb3M7dCB0ZWxsLCB0aGV5IHdvbiZhcG9zO3Qga25vdzwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT5DbGluaWNzIChTYW8gUGF1bG8pPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5DbGluaWNz
IChTYW8gUGF1bG8sIEJyYXppbCk8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVs
bC10aXRsZT5DbGluaWNzIChTYW8gUGF1bG8pPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Q2xpbmljcyAo
U2FvIFBhdWxvLCBCcmF6aWwpPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5DbGluaWNzIChTYW8gUGF1bG8pPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Q2xpbmlj
cyAoU2FvIFBhdWxvLCBCcmF6aWwpPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NjUw
LTY1NjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT43MTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTE8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlv
bj4yMDE2LzEyLzE3PC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhdGhldGVyIEFibGF0aW9uL2Fk
dmVyc2UgZWZmZWN0cy8qbWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtb3JhbCBWZWluL3N1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxhc2VyIFRoZXJhcHkvKm1ldGhvZHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
TGVnLypibG9vZCBzdXBwbHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb3N0b3BlcmF0aXZlIENvbXBsaWNhdGlv
bnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVub3VzIFZlaW4vZGlhZ25vc3RpYyBpbWFnaW5nLypz
dXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRyZWF0bWVudCBPdXRjb21lPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPlVsdHJhc29ub2dyYXBoeSwgRG9wcGxlciwgRHVwbGV4PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZh
cmljb3NlIFZlaW5zL3N1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmVub3VzIEluc3VmZmljaWVu
Y3kvKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmVub3VzIFRocm9tYm9zaXMvKnN1cmdlcnk8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxNjwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk5vdiAxPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVz
PjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTgwNy01OTMyPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI3OTgyMTY2PC9h
Y2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwczovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5s
bS5uaWguZ292L3BtYy9hcnRpY2xlcy9QTUM1MTA4MTY0L3BkZi9jbG4tNzEtMTEtNjUwLnBkZjwv
dXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMj5QbWM1MTA4MTY0PC9jdXN0b20yPjxl
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC42MDYxL2NsaW5pY3MvMjAxNigxMSkwNjwvZWxlY3Ry
b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1k
YXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+
PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 36Four radiofrequency ablation (RFA) systems are currently commercially available.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb29keWVhcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb29keWVhcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 42 Generic practice methods (common to all RF systems) and device-specific techniques are described. The weight of current evidence relates to the use of Covidien Venefit (formerly VNUS ClosureFAST), which clearly demonstrates clinical advantages over open surgery at least to 2 years follow up. However, contemporary studies of the radiofrequency-induced thermal therapy device (RFiTT(R)), show that in experienced hands, clinical equivalence to the Venefit procedure can be achieved. The evidence base for EVRF(R) and VeinCLEAR devices is currently weak and absent, respectively. Despite widespread uptake of RFA and acceptance of its clinical advantages over open surgery there is a paucity of Class 1 A evidence. This results from incongruent reporting of clinical outcome measures within existing literature. Similarly, lack of long-term follow-up studies precludes comparison of the durability of short- and medium-term advantages of RFA with the longer term results of open surgery. There remains scope for a large prospective high-quality trial to assess the clinical, anatomical and cost-effectiveness outcomes for the four commercially available RFA devices, with a particular focus on long-term follow up.Advantages :low complication rate, reduced pain, high vein occlusion rates, and early return to work and normal activities. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Venermo</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>28</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">43</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526625902">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Venermo, M.</author><author>Saarinen, J.</author><author>Eskelinen, E.</author><author>V?h?aho, S.</author><author>Saarinen, E.</author><author>Railo, M.</author><author>Uurto, I.</author><author>Salenius, J.</author><author>Alb?ck, A.</author><author>the Finnish Venous Study, Collaborators</author><author>Suominen, V. P.</author><author>Vikatmaa, P.</author><author>Aho, P.</author><author>Lep?ntalo, M.</author><author>Halmesm?ki, K.</author><author>Laukontaus, S.</author><author>Weselius, E. M.</author><author>Vuorisalo, S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery, endovenous laser ablation and ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins</title><secondary-title>The British Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The British Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>1438-1444</pages><volume>103</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>08/26
10/16/received
01/08/revised
06/06/accepted</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Chichester, UK</pub-location><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><isbn>0007-1323
1365-2168</isbn><accession-num>PMC5095806</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> LASER ABLATIONThe laser filament uses a heating element which is quite variable. Laser devices have frequencies which range from 810 to 1470 nanometers (nm). All are designed to target the vein wall. However, this strong energy can cause a lot of collateral damage and can occasionally puncture the vein wall, causing leakage of blood out of the blood vessel and extensive bruising. When laser does work, it does not cause shrinkage of the blood vessel, but rather causes clot formation in the blood vessel, which then causes the vessel to occlude (block the flow of blood). The problem with this laser ablation is that it is often associated with a lot more lingering pain than radiofrequency ablation.Endovenous laser ablation is a method for treating varicose veins by using laser light so this is called endovenous laser ablation (EVLT). ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Navarro</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">44</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526702947">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Navarro, L.</author><author>Min, R. J.</author><author>Bone, C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Vein Treatment Center and Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Endovenous laser: a new minimally invasive method of treatment for varicose veins--preliminary observations using an 810 nm diode laser</title><secondary-title>Dermatol Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Dermatol Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Dermatol Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>117-22</pages><volume>27</volume><number>2</number><edition>2001/02/24</edition><keywords><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/surgery</keyword><keyword>Ultrasonography, Doppler</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/diagnostic imaging/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1076-0512 (Print)
1076-0512</isbn><accession-num>11207682</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> It is similar to RF treatment. The advantage of the laser is the presence of a red spot of light visible through the skin at the end of the fiber, allowing for the positioning of the tip, in addition to the ultrasound. Temperature and energy should be monitor continually which may harm other cells. It is determined empirically on the basis of the laser power and the speed at which the fiber is pulled. The values recommended for the 810 nm laser oscillate between 50 to 80 J/cm . ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Gloviczki</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>42</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">45</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526704327">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gloviczki, Peter</author><author>Comerota, Anthony J.</author><author>Dalsing, Michael C.</author><author>Eklof, Bo G.</author><author>Gillespie, David L.</author><author>Gloviczki, Monika L.</author><author>Lohr, Joann M.</author><author>McLafferty, Robert B.</author><author>Meissner, Mark H.</author><author>Murad, M. Hassan</author><author>Padberg, Frank T.</author><author>Pappas, Peter J.</author><author>Passman, Marc A.</author><author>Raffetto, Joseph D.</author><author>Vasquez, Michael A.</author><author>Wakefield, Thomas W.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum</title><secondary-title>Journal of Vascular Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Vasc Surg</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of vascular surgery</abbr-1></periodical><pages>2S-48S</pages><volume>53</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><publisher>Elsevier</publisher><isbn>0741-5214</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>(11)00327-2/pdf</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.079</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2018/05/18</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>45 when the power set at 14 watts of power, the tip of the optical fiber should move 1 cm in 5seconds. The laser light increase in temperature up to 800 degrees Celsius at the top of the fiber. As a result, the vein wall is directly exposed to laser light, results increase in blood temperature around the optical fiber and the blood boils. The high temperature transferred by blood damages the vein wall evenly within the short segment. As a result of both processes the endothelium becomes completely destroyed, the collagen in the vessel wall is denaturated, and the lumen gets coagulated.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1ll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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1ll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 EN.CITE.DATA 46 Laser wavelengths of 810, 940 and 980 nm, were introduced initially, are absorbed by deoxyhemoglobin, which results mostly in heating of the blood. Direct action of these wavelengths on the vessel wall is weaker. lower energy doses can be used to cause vein closure, which results in decreased levels of pain in the postoperative period and a lower risk of perforating the vessel wall, reducing postoperative haematomas.Both the above methods have a very high rate of success (closure of the vein). Both are superior to traditional methods of vein stripping from before. The main difference is that laser ablation is generally associated with more bruising, pain, and discomfort compared to radiofrequency.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38FOAM SCLEROTHERAPYIn 1942 Orbach described a method of creating a foam. In 1992 Juan Cabrera, a surgeon from Granada in Spain, enhanceed the effect of injection treatment by making a foam of very small bubbles, which he called ‘microfoam this is a solution which is injected through a cannula in the vein under ultrasound guidance this can be performed in the outpatient clinic, and a compression stocking should be used immediately after Foam Sclerotherapy. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Gloviczki</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>30</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">47</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526633459">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gloviczki, P.</author><author>Gloviczki, M. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 200 First Street SW, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. gloviczki.peter@mayo.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Guidelines for the management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Phlebology</secondary-title><alt-title>Phlebology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Phlebology</full-title><abbr-1>Phlebology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Phlebology</full-title><abbr-1>Phlebology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>2-9</pages><volume>27 Suppl 1</volume><edition>2012/02/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Catheter Ablation/methods/standards</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/methods/standards</keyword><keyword>Practice Guidelines as Topic</keyword><keyword>Sclerotherapy/methods/standards</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-3555</isbn><accession-num>22312060</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> Some of the recent studies found that success rates are very high from 82% to 100%,PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWxsaW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWxsaW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 48 and the recovery was faster in Foam Sclerotherapy than conventional surgical strippingPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWxsaW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWxsaW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 48. It takes less time to perform(nearly 1 hr) ,no medications is needed post treatment ,more efficacy than conventional surgical stripping, patients can join there work immediately after procedure and it shows very less complications. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526305817">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin, F.</author><author>Zhang, S.</author><author>Sun, Y.</author><author>Ren, S.</author><author>Liu, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>1 Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China.</auth-address><titles><title>The management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>International surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>185-9</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2015/01/17</edition><keywords><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Laser Therapy</keyword><keyword>Pain, Postoperative/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Return to Work</keyword><keyword>*Sclerotherapy</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0020-8868</isbn><accession-num>25594661</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> this is cost effective and more effective than the surgery.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJyb2xsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJyb2xsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 49 Rarely bruising skin pigmentation may occur. AMBULATORY PHLEBECTOMYNearly 2400 years ago, Hippocrates was the first person who performed phlebotomy to treat a varix. Gradually it undergone several modifications and now treating for varicose veins. Dr. Muller, a Swiss dermatologist, reinvented and refined the technique of ambulatory phlebectomy. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kabnick</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>32</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">19</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526635687">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kabnick, Lowell S.</author><author>Ombrellino, Michael</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ambulatory Phlebectomy</title><secondary-title>Seminars in Interventional Radiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Seminars in Interventional Radiology</full-title></periodical><pages>218-224</pages><volume>22</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><publisher>Thieme Medical Publishers</publisher><isbn>0739-9529
1098-8963</isbn><accession-num>PMC3036274</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> it is an outpatient procedure which can perform with 2-3 mm of insertion through the skin under local anesthesia with the help of a vein retractor or phlebectomy hook. It is inserted through an incision and the varicose vein is hooked, extracted, and subsequently fixed with a clamp the vein is finally pulled out .Compression bandages are usually used for 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure. Post procedure may rarely include paresthesia, bruising, hemorrhage, and hematoma. PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJyb2xsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJyb2xsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 49, 50MOST RELEVANT STUDIES:RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION Vs CONVENTIONAL SURGERY- HIGH LIGATION AND STRIPPING:Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> in their study on 60 patients compared the effectiveness of conventional surgery and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of varicose veins as regards to 1) duration of procedure, 2) postoperative pain, 3) complications, 4) duration of stay in hospital and 5) return to normal routine work. p-value was found to be significant for duration of surgery (0.00), duration of stay in hospital (0.00), average pain score (0.00), average intake of oral analgesics (0.00), ambulation period (0.00) and resumption of normal activities (0.00) in the RFA group Rasmussen LH et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 in their randomized trial compared four treatments for varicose great saphenous veins (GSVs). Five hundred consecutive patients (580 legs) with GSV reflux were randomized to endovenous laser ablation (980 and 1470 nm, bare fibre), radiofrequency ablation, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy or surgical stripping using tumescent local anaesthesia with light sedation. Miniphlebectomies were also performed. The patients were examined with duplex imaging before surgery, and after 3 days, 1 month and 1 year. At 1 year, seven (5.8 per cent), six (4.8 per cent), 20 (16.3 per cent) and four (4.8 per cent) of the GSVs were patent and refluxing in the laser, radiofrequency, foam and stripping groups respectively (P < 0.001). One patient developed a pulmonary embolus after foam sclerotherapy and one a deep vein thrombosis after surgical stripping. No other major complications were recorded. The mean(s.d.) postintervention pain scores (scale 0-10) were 2.58(2.41), 1.21(1.72), 1.60(2.04) and 2.25(2.23) respectively (P < 0.001). The median (range) time to return to normal function was 2 (0-25), 1 (0-30), 1 (0-30) and 4 (0-30) days respectively (P < 0.001). The time off work, corrected for weekends, was 3.6 (0-46), 2.9 (0-14), 2.9 (0-33) and 4.3 (0-42) days respectively (P < 0.001). Disease-specific quality-of-life and Short Form 36 (SF-36((R))) scores had improved in all groups by 1-year follow-up. In the SF-36((R)) domains bodily pain and physical functioning, the radiofrequency and foam groups performed better in the short term than the others. They concluded that all treatments were efficacious. The technical failure rate was highest after foam sclerotherapy, but both radiofrequency ablation and foam were associated with a faster recovery and less postoperative pain than endovenous laser ablation and stripping.Subramonia S et al HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_13" \o "Subramonia, 2010 #49" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh
cj48UmVjTnVtPjQ5PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlw
dCI+MTM8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj40OTwvcmVjLW51
bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9IjI5cDI5cHZlcnR4cjJnZXR0
dGd4dmZlZ3BwMnMycHJwZmFyMCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNTI2NzIwODA5Ij40OTwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U3VicmFtb25pYSwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkxlZXMsIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJl
c3M+R2VuZXJhbCBTdXJnZXJ5LCBLaW5nJmFwb3M7cyBNaWxsIEhvc3BpdGFsLCBNYW5zZmllbGQs
IFVLLiBhcm9iaXRfcmFtQGhvdG1haWwuY29tPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+
UmFkaW9mcmVxdWVuY3kgYWJsYXRpb24gdnMgY29udmVudGlvbmFsIHN1cmdlcnkgZm9yIHZhcmlj
b3NlIHZlaW5zIC0gYSBjb21wYXJpc29uIG9mIHRyZWF0bWVudCBjb3N0cyBpbiBhIHJhbmRvbWlz
ZWQgdHJpYWw8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBTdXJn
PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5FdXJvcGVhbiBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFy
IGFuZCBlbmRvdmFzY3VsYXIgc3VyZ2VyeSA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBF
dXJvcGVhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBWYXNjdWxhciBTdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+
PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRp
dGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+RXVyb3BlYW4gam91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBhbmQgZW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFy
IHN1cmdlcnkgOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gU29jaWV0eSBm
b3IgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+
PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+
RXVyb3BlYW4gam91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBhbmQgZW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnkgOiB0
aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgVmFzY3VsYXIg
U3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjEwNC0xMTwvcGFnZXM+PHZv
bHVtZT4zOTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDkvMTEvMDM8L2Vk
aXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFjdGl2aXRpZXMgb2YgRGFpbHkgTGl2aW5nPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhdGhldGVyIEFibGF0aW9uLypl
Y29ub21pY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29zdCBvZiBJbGxuZXNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkNvc3QtQmVuZWZpdCBBbmFseXNpczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5FZmZpY2llbmN5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZhbWlseSBQcmFjdGljZS9lY29ub21pY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbW9yYWwgVmVpbi8qc3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD4qSGVhbHRoIENhcmUgQ29zdHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SG9zcGl0YWwg
Q29zdHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxpZ2F0aW9u
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZWNv
dmVyeSBvZiBGdW5jdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TYXBoZW5vdXMgVmVpbi8qc3VyZ2Vy
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TaWNrIExlYXZlL2Vjb25vbWljczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5UaW1lIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKmVjb25vbWljcy9waHlzaW9wYXRob2xvZ3kvKnN1
cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2ljYWwgUHJvY2VkdXJlcy8qZWNv
bm9taWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTA8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1k
YXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xMDc4LTU4ODQ8
L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTk4NzkxNjY8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PC91cmxz
PjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDE2L2ouZWp2cy4yMDA5LjA5LjAxMjwvZWxl
Y3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90
ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0Np
dGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13(2010) conducted randomized control study on 88 patients 47 RFA (13men, 34 women), 41 CS (14 men, 27 women). The study is on cost effectiveness of conventional surgery and radiofrequency ablation and concluded that the cost of radiofrequency ablation is costly than conventional surgery. Hospital cost per patient for RFA was ?1276 (SD ?69.6) and for CS was ?559 (SD ?52.4 where as general practice cost is ?9.53 in RFA seems to be less than conventional surgery ?20.12. over all expenses seems to be little higher in RFA but it shows less complications than the conventional surgery in fast recovery and suspected infections postoperative pain, return to activities, quality of life and patient satisfaction . The total surgery duration was significantly longer for RFA than for CS (mean ,standard deviation [SD]) 83.6 (SD 14.5) vs 55.7 (SD 10.9) min, 95% CI 22.40, 33.41, p < .001, t-test .Lurie F et al HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_12" \o "Lurie, 2003 #50" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12(2003) conducted a prospective multicenter randomized comparison study on RFA and vein stripping high ligation method to measure the patient outcomes. Among the study population?general anesthesia used in 27% cases in the RFO group and 53% cases in the S&L group of patients. The average number of phlebectomies per limb seems to be significantly higher in patients who received general anesthetic (mean, 11.7; 95% CI, 8.5-14.9) compared with those who received local or regional anesthetic (mean, 7.2; 95% CI, 4.9-9.4). the sucess rate on the day of surgery 95% in RFA where as 100% on the other hand ,the failure rate of 5% of RFA is due to the technical issue. The Time to return normal activity was significantly less in the RFO group (mean, 1.15 days; 95% CI, 0.05-2.34) compared with the S&L group (mean, 3.89 days; 95% CI, 2.67-5.12;?P?= .02).? Around 80.5% of patients in the RFO group returned to routine activities within 1 day, compared with 46.9% of patients in the S&L group (P?< .01).Mendes CA et al PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 36(2016) conducted a randomized controlled trial on comparison of radiofrequency ablation versus conventional surgery in between november 2013 to may2015 .the clinical features were evolved till 12months prospectively. The average preference of RFA is 0.91 points higher than conventional surgery(SD: 0.31; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.30. in both the techniques, the aesthetic evaluation progressively improved over time (po0.05). post operative pain level progressively and significantly decreased from one week to one month and six months (po0.05). There were no minor or major postoperative complications. no cases were developed DVT during follow-up. Almost all the patients took less than one week to return to work and used compression stockings for the recommended length of time. But the success rate of Complete occlusion of the great saphenous vein in RFA after 1 year is recorded as 80% where as in conventional surgery it 100%.Helmy ElKaffas K et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41(2011) performed a randomized control clinical trial in total of 180 patients with saphenofemoral junction and great saphenous reflux these are randomized to either ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or standard surgical treatment. Allocated 90 in each group and Patients were followed up for 24 months. Radiofrequency ablation had a lower overall complication rate (P = .02) and shorter post-intervention hospital stay (P = .001)than conventional surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there no significant differences in recurrence rates after 24 months of follow-up (P = .45). Radiofrequency ablation was significantly more expensive (P = .003). The overall study concluded that Great saphenous vein occlusion was achieved efficiently in 94% of study group A using RFA with minimal complications and and faster recovery to workBurihan MC et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Burihan</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">51</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526733199">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Burihan, M. C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgery for great saphenous vein varices</title><secondary-title>Sao Paulo Med J</secondary-title><alt-title>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sao Paulo Med J</full-title><abbr-1>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sao Paulo Med J</full-title><abbr-1>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>69</pages><volume>132</volume><number>1</number><edition>2014/01/30</edition><keywords><keyword>Catheter Ablation/*methods</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>*Saphenous Vein</keyword><keyword>Sclerotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1516-3180</isbn><accession-num>24474085</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1590/1516-3180.20141321t2</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>51(2014)conduced a meta analysis of all the randomized control trails literature for comparing the treatment of varicose veins. Out of Thirteen reports from five studies with a combined total of 450 patients were included. Rates of recanalization were higher in EVLT than HL/S, within four months (5/149 versus 0/100; odds ratio (OR) 3.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 32.64) and late recanalization after four months (9/118 versus 1/80; OR 2.97; 95% CI 0.52 to 16.98).Technical failure rates are very less in EVLT over HL/S (1/149 versus 6/100; OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.75). Recurrence of RFA showed no difference when compared with surgery. Recanalization within four months was observed more frequently following RFA compared with HL/S ,(4/105 versus 0/88; OR 7.86, 95% CI 0.41 to 151.28); after four months no difference was observed. Technical failure was observed less frequently following RFA compared with HL/S (2/106 versus 7/96; OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.01 to 34.25). Lin F et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526305817">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin, F.</author><author>Zhang, S.</author><author>Sun, Y.</author><author>Ren, S.</author><author>Liu, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>1 Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China.</auth-address><titles><title>The management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>International surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>185-9</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2015/01/17</edition><keywords><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Laser Therapy</keyword><keyword>Pain, Postoperative/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Return to Work</keyword><keyword>*Sclerotherapy</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0020-8868</isbn><accession-num>25594661</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>(2015) conducted a meta analysis on management of varicose veins and said Foam sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation were associated with less pain and faster recovery than endovenous laser ablation and surgical stripping. Patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation are most likely to have a faster recovery time and earlier return to work in comparison with those undergoing conventional high ligation and stripping and found some other complications of re occurrences of Thromboembolic complication 0.40%, Thromboembolic complication0.40% Saphenous nerve damage after stripping (groin-ankle level) 40%, Saphenous nerve damage after stripping (groin-knee level) 8% , DVT in GSV 1%, DVT in LSV 1.3%-5.7%Balint R et al HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_20" \o "Balint, 2016 #6" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20(2016) performed a Meta-analysis and found that out of 862 unique publications, 17 of them were appropriate for meta-analysis. Overall, 1420 limbs were included in the trial, 939 for endovenous laser ablation, 353 for radiofrequency ablation and 128 for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. Overall, technical success rates were 84.8% for endovenous laser ablation, 88.7% for radiofrequency ablation and 32.8% for ultrasound guided foam sclerothera Lacking long-conducted large trials, the efficacy and reliability of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy to treat great saphenous vein-reflux is not affirmed.Marsden G et al(2015)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYXJzZGVuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYXJzZGVuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 52 did a cost effective study and found the possibility of reoccurrence per month of each procedure was recorded as Surgery 0.0083, Endothermal 0.0058 Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy 0.0091 and cost-effective compared with CS at a cost-effectiveness threshold of ?20,000 per QALY gained. ETA was found to be the most cost-effective strategy overall, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ?3,161 per QALY gained compared with UGFS. Surgery and CS were dominated by ETA.FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY Vs CONVENTIONAL SURGERY:Bountouroglou DG et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3VudG91cm9nbG91PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwv
WWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjY4PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNj
cmlwdCI+NTM8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj42ODwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9IjI5cDI5cHZlcnR4cjJn
ZXR0dGd4dmZlZ3BwMnMycHJwZmFyMCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNTI4MzU0NTE4Ij42ODwva2V5Pjwv
Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlw
ZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+Qm91bnRvdXJvZ2xvdSwgRC4gRy48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkF6emFtLCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2Fra29zLCBTLiBLLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UGF0aG1hcmFqYWgsIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Zb3VuZywgUC48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdlcm91bGFrb3MsIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0
b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Sm9zZWYgUGZsdWcgVmFzY3VsYXIgTGFib3JhdG9yeSBhbmQgdGhl
IFZhc2N1bGFyIFVuaXQsIEVhbGluZyBIb3NwaXRhbCwgRGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBWYXNjdWxhciBT
dXJnZXJ5LCBJbXBlcmlhbCBDb2xsZWdlLCBMb25kb24sIFVLLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRs
ZXM+PHRpdGxlPlVsdHJhc291bmQtZ3VpZGVkIGZvYW0gc2NsZXJvdGhlcmFweSBjb21iaW5lZCB3
aXRoIHNhcGhlbm8tZmVtb3JhbCBsaWdhdGlvbiBjb21wYXJlZCB0byBzdXJnaWNhbCB0cmVhdG1l
bnQgb2YgdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM6IGVhcmx5IHJlc3VsdHMgb2YgYSByYW5kb21pc2VkIGNvbnRy
b2xsZWQgdHJpYWw8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBT
dXJnPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5FdXJvcGVhbiBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1
bGFyIGFuZCBlbmRvdmFzY3VsYXIgc3VyZ2VyeSA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRo
ZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBWYXNjdWxhciBTdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRs
ZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxs
LXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+RXVyb3BlYW4gam91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBhbmQgZW5kb3Zhc2N1
bGFyIHN1cmdlcnkgOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gU29jaWV0
eSBmb3IgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RXVyIEogVmFzYyBFbmRvdmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJy
LTE+RXVyb3BlYW4gam91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBhbmQgZW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnkg
OiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgVmFzY3Vs
YXIgU3VyZ2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjkzLTEwMDwvcGFnZXM+
PHZvbHVtZT4zMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDUvMTAvMjA8
L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZWQ8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbW9yYWwgVmVpbi8q
ZGlhZ25vc3RpYyBpbWFnaW5nL3N1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Rm9sbG93LVVwIFN0
dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxpZ2F0aW9u
L21ldGhvZHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUg
QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qcm9zcGVjdGl2ZSBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPlF1YWxpdHkgb2YgTGlmZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TYXBoZW5vdXMgVmVpbi8qZGlh
Z25vc3RpYyBpbWFnaW5nL3N1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2NsZXJvdGhlcmFweS8q
bWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TdXJ2ZXlzIGFuZCBRdWVzdGlvbm5haXJlczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5UcmVhdG1lbnQgT3V0Y29tZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qVWx0cmFz
b25vZ3JhcGh5LCBEb3BwbGVyLCBDb2xvcjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlu
cy9kaWFnbm9zdGljIGltYWdpbmcvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFzY3VsYXIg
U3VyZ2ljYWwgUHJvY2VkdXJlcy8qbWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48
eWVhcj4yMDA2PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SmFuPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwv
ZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTA3OC01ODg0IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzEwNzgtNTg4NDwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNz
aW9uLW51bT4xNjIzMzk4MTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMt
cmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwMTYvai5lanZzLjIwMDUuMDguMDI0PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291
cmNlLW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXBy
b3ZpZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3VudG91cm9nbG91PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwv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 EN.CITE.DATA 53 did a prospective randomised controlled trial comparing saphenofemoral ligation, great saphenous stripping and multiple avulsions with saphenofemoral ligation and ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy to the saphenous vein. Primary end points were patient recovery period and quality of life and secondary end points frequency of complications on the two arms of the trial and the cost of the treatment. Sixty patients with primary varicose veins due to GSV incompetence and suitable for day case surgery were randomly allocated to undergo ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with sapheno-femoral ligation under local anaesthesia (n=30) or sapheno-femoral ligation, stripping and multiple avulsions under general anaesthesia (n=30). The study protocol included history, physical examination, assignment of CEAP class and assessment venous clinical severity score (VCSS), completion of the aberdeen vein questionnaire (AVQ) and colour duplex ultrasound. All treatments were completed as intended. Median time to return to normal activities was significantly reduced in the foam sclerotherapy group (2 days) compared to the surgical group (8 days) (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney). AVQ score was also significantly reduced at 3 months by 46% in the sclerotherapy group, and by 40% in the conventional surgery group (p<0.001, Wilcoxon). The time taken to complete treatment was shorter in the foam sclerotherapy plus SFJ ligation group: 45 vs. 85 min (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney). The overall cost of the procedure in the sclerotherapy group ( 672.97 pounds) was significantly less compared to conventional surgery ( 1120.64 pounds). At 3 weeks, there was no statistical difference in the complication rate between the two groups. At 3 months, median CEAP class dropped from four pre-operatively to one following treatment in both groups and the median VCSS score dropped from five to one in group one and from seven to three in group two (p<0.001, Wilcoxon test). In group one four patients (13%) had a recanalised vein which needed further sessions of foam sclerotherapy, resulting in a short-term closure rate of 87%. They concluded that ultrasound guided sclerotherapy combined with sapheno-femoral ligation was less expensive, involved a shorter treatment time and resulted in more rapid recovery compared to sapheno-femoral ligation, saphenous stripping and phlebectomies.ENDOVENOUS LASER ABLATION Vs ENDOVENOUS RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATIONBozoglan O et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bozoglan</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">54</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528180609">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bozoglan, Orhan</author><author>Mese, Bulent</author><author>Eroglu, Erdinc</author><author>Ekerbi?er, Hasan Cetin</author><author>Yasim, Alptekin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Comparison of Endovenous Laser and Radiofrequency Ablation in Treating Varices in the Same Patient</title><secondary-title>Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences</full-title></periodical><pages>13-16</pages><volume>8</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Winter
01/08</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center</publisher><isbn>2008-9783
2228-6721</isbn><accession-num>PMC5420359</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> compared endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in different legs in the same individual in patients with venous insufficiency. Sixty patients with bilateral saphenous vein insufficiency were included. EVLA or RFA was applied to one of the patient’s legs and RFA or EVLA to the other leg. EVLA and RFA complications were hyperemia at 20.7% and 31.0%, ecchymosis at 31.0% and 51.7% and edema at 27.6% and 65.5%, respectively. The rate of recanalization was 6.8% in the RFA group. No recanalization was observed in EVLA group. The level of patients satisfied with EVLA was 51.7%, compared to 31.0% for RFA, while 17.2% of patients were satisfied with both procedures. Times to return to daily activity were 0.9 days in the EVLA group and 1.3 days in the RFA group. They concluded that EVLA procedure may be superior to RFA in certain respects.ENDOVENOUS LASER ABLATION VS CONVENTIONAL SURGERY:Lynch N P et al HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_10" \o "Lynch, 2015 #16" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10(2014) conducted a meta analysis on the evidence of randomized control studies to compare traditional method of surgery and endovenous laser therapy. by review of 1289 limbs, and found endovenous laser therapy has a lower risk of ultrasound-detected recurrence at 12 months following treatment compared to open surgery and associated with less sensory complications, pigmentation and infection.Paravastu SC et al PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXJhdmFzdHU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXJhdmFzdHU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 55(2016) conducted a study on 311 participants. Among them186 received ELV and 126 received surgery the possibility of re occurrence was measured after six weeks and found that reoccurrence is less frequently in the EVLA group than in the surgery group (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22; I2 = 51%; 289 participants, 3 studies, moderate-quality evidence).said that the UGFS versus conventional surgery comparison, the quality of evidence is assessed to be low; consequently, the effectiveness of UGFS compared with conventional surgery in the treatment of SSV varicose is uncertain. Complications like?nerve?damage or infections are less common than in conventional?surgeryVan Groenendael L et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gR3JvZW5lbmRhZWw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gR3JvZW5lbmRhZWw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5
PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+NTE8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVy
c2NyaXB0Ij41Njwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjUxPC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhy
MmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjY3MjY2MjgiPjUxPC9rZXk+
PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10
eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj52YW4gR3JvZW5lbmRhZWwsIEwuPC9h
dXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVyIFZsaWV0LCBKLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Rmxpbmtl
bmZsb2dlbCwgTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJvb3ZlcnMsIEUuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj52YW4gU3RlcmtlbmJ1cmcsIFMuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SZWlqbmVuLCBNLiBNLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQg
b2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgRGl2aXNpb24gb2YgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQWx5c2lzIFpvcmdncm9l
cCwgTG9jYXRpb24gUmlqbnN0YXRlLCBBcm5oZW0sIFRoZSBOZXRoZXJsYW5kcy48L2F1dGgtYWRk
cmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UcmVhdG1lbnQgb2YgcmVjdXJyZW50IHZhcmljb3NlIHZlaW5z
IG9mIHRoZSBncmVhdCBzYXBoZW5vdXMgdmVpbiBieSBjb252ZW50aW9uYWwgc3VyZ2VyeSBhbmQg
ZW5kb3Zlbm91cyBsYXNlciBhYmxhdGlvbjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIFZhc2Mg
U3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJn
ZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1
cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1cmdlcnk8L2FiYnIt
MT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogVmFzYyBTdXJnPC9m
dWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9h
bHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTEwNi0xMzwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT41MDwvdm9sdW1lPjxu
dW1iZXI+NTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDkvMTEvMDM8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5h
bGdlc2ljcy90aGVyYXBldXRpYyB1c2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVhc2liaWxpdHkgU3R1
ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipMYXNlciBUaGVyYXB5L2FkdmVyc2UgZWZmZWN0czwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5MZW5ndGggb2YgU3RheTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBhaW4gTWVhc3VyZW1lbnQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFpbiwgUG9zdG9wZXJhdGl2ZS9kcnVnIHRoZXJhcHkvZXRpb2xvZ3k8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFyZXN0aGVzaWEvZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
UGF0aWVudCBTYXRpc2ZhY3Rpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVjdXJyZW5jZTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZXRyb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVu
b3VzIFZlaW4vZGlhZ25vc3RpYyBpbWFnaW5nLypzdXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNp
Y2sgTGVhdmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VyZ2ljYWwgV291bmQgSW5mZWN0aW9uL2V0aW9s
b2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlN1cnZleXMgYW5kIFF1ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPlRpbWUgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5UcmVhdG1lbnQgT3V0Y29t
ZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5VbHRyYXNvbm9ncmFwaHksIERvcHBsZXIsIER1cGxleDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlucy9kaWFnbm9zdGljIGltYWdpbmcvKnN1cmdlcnk8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlZhc2N1bGFyIFN1cmdpY2FsIFByb2NlZHVyZXMvYWR2ZXJzZSBl
ZmZlY3RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDk8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1k
YXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5Ob3Y8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wNzQxLTUyMTQ8
L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTk4Nzg3ODg8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PC91cmxz
PjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDE2L2ouanZzLjIwMDkuMDYuMDU3PC9lbGVj
dHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3Rl
LWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0
ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 56 assessed feasibility of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in recurrent varicose veins of the GSV and to compare this technique with conventional surgical reintervention. Case files of all patients treated for GSV varicosities were evaluated and recurrences selected. Demographics, duplex scan findings, CEAP classification, perioperative data, and follow-up examinations were all registered. A questionnaire focusing on patient satisfaction was administered. Sixty-seven limbs were treated with EVLA and 149 were surgically treated. General and regional anesthesia were used more in the surgery group (P < .001). Most complications were minor and self-limiting. Wound infections (8% vs 0%; P < .05) and parasthesia (27% vs 13%; P < .05) were more abundant in the surgery group, whereas the EVLA-treated patients reported more delayed tightness (17% vs 31%; P < .05). Surgically-treated patients suffered less postoperative pain (P < .05) but reported a higher use of analgesics (P < .05). Hospital stay in the surgery group was longer (P < .05) and they reported a longer delay before resuming work (7 vs 2 days; P < .0001). Patient satisfaction was equally high in both groups. At 25 weeks of follow-up, re-recurrences occurred in 29% of the surgically-treated patients and in 19% of the EVLA-treated patients (P = .511). They concluded that EVLA is feasible in patients with recurrent varicose veins of the GSV. Complication rates are lower and socioeconomic outcome is better compared to surgical reintervention.Karen F et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYXVjazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYXVjazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 57(2014) conducted a meta-analysis of randomised control studies all studies of comparative observational studies from 1990 to December 2013 and demonstrated increased healing rate (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.13; I2 [ 10%) and lower risk of recurrence (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34-0.85; I2 [ 27%) with open surgical procedures compared with compression ,ulcer healing, L0.41 (95% CI, L0.89 to 0.07). ,when compared with endovenous laser with ulcer healing (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.21-3.27).ENDOTHERMAL ABLATION Vs FOAM SCLEROTHERAPYDavies H O et al HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_58" \o "Davies, 2016 #12" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXZpZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXZpZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 58(2016) conducted a meta analysis study on wide range of novel non-surgical treatments for varicose veins. In July 2013, the UK National Institute for Health on comparision of endothermal ablation than ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy and told that all the endovenous methods are more successful and more efficient. although clinical outcomes are almost similar there is low risk to patients in endovenous methods clinical success and patient-reported outcomes measures were similar. Morbidity and complication rates were very low and not significantly different between endothermal ablation and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy was consistently less expensive that of endothermal ablationMATERIALS & METHODSStudy site: This study was conducted in the Department of general surgery, raileay hospital PeramburStudy population: All the eligible patients diagnosed with varicose veins, posted for surgical management were considered as study populationStudy design: The current study was a randomized controlled trial involving two interventionsSample size: Sample size was assessed assuming treatment success rate as the primary outcome parameter. As per the study by .. et al. The following formula was used for sample size calculation.Sample size:Sample size was calculated assuming the mean time taken for return to normal activity in group 1 as 12.2 days and in group 2 as 19.8 days with a common standard deviation of 8 as per the study by Subramonia, S. and T. Lees et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13. The other parameters considered for sample size calculation were 90% power of study and 5% alpha error. The following formula was used for sample size calculation. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kirkwood</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">59</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="9p5sa2vx29rspdeedauvxwdka5rpvv00wedx" timestamp="1479532782">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kirkwood, BR</author><author>Sterne, JAC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Calculation of required sample size</title><secondary-title>Essentials and Medical Statistics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Essentials and Medical Statistics</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1988</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>59 N=(u+v)2(σ12+σ02)(μ1-μ0)2N= Sample size?1 – ?0= Difference between the means ( 12.2 and 19.9)σ1, σ0= Standard deviations (8 and 8)u= one-sided percentage point of the normal distribution corresponding to 100 % – the power If the power is = 90%, u = 1.28v= Percentage point of the normal distribution corresponding to the (two-sided) significance level e.g. if significance level = 5%, v = 1.96As per the above mentioned calculation, the required number of subjects to be included in the study in each of the intervention groups was 24. To account for loss to follow up of about 10% and non-participation arte of 10%, it was decided to sample 30 subjects in each group, so the the final analysis can include not less than 24 subjects.Sampling method: All the eligible subjects were recruited into the study consecutively by convenient sampling till the sample size is reached.Study duration: The data collection for the study was done between October 2016 to October 2017 for a period of 1 year.Inclusion Criteria:Age between 18 and 60 years ??Clinical, etiological, anatomical, pathophysiological (CEAP): ?clinical grades 2 to 5 (C2-5), primary (Ep), superficial (As), ?and reflux only (Pr) ??Primary bilateral GSV insufficiency requiring surgery and ?confirmed by duplex scan (insufficiency with reverse venous flow was regarded significant if persisting more than?0.5 seconds in a standing position) ??Suitability for radiofrequency ablation confirmed by duplex scan (see exclusion criteria) ??Patients able to give informed consent ?Exclusion criteria: ?Varicose veins without GSV insufficiency on duplex scan ??Previous varicose vein surgery ??Associated small saphenous vein reflux, duplication of the ?GSV at the SFJ, deep venous insufficiency, or previous deep ?vein thrombosis on duplex scan ??GSV diameter o3 mm or 412 mm in the supine position ??Thrombus in the GSV ??Patients with a pacemaker or internal defibrillator ??Concomitant peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial pressure ?index of o0.9) ??Patients on oral anticoagulants ??Patients with high blood pressure not controlled by medication ??Patients with known thrombophilia, cancer or lupus ??Pregnancy ?Ethical considerations: Study was approved by institutional human ethics committee. Informed written consent was obtained from all the study participants and only those participants willing to sign the informed consent were included in the study. The risks and benefits involved in the study and voluntary nature of participation were explained to the participants before obtaining consent. Confidentiality of the study participants was maintained. Data collection tools: All the relevant parameters were documented in a structured study proforma. Methodology: Please describe in one paragraph, how each patient was evaluated after obtaining the informed consent formHow tradiational surgery was performedendovenous radiofrequency ablation.Were perfomed and the how different outcome parameters were assessedStatistical Methods:OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTSRESULTS:DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION:Varicose veins affecting the lower limb is a major public health problem and often impairs the quality of life (QOL). High pressure on legs when standing , leads to itching ,with painful sensation ,edema, cramps ,discoloration.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FdmFuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1, 2 Reports of prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency vary from < 1% to 40% in females and from < 1% to 17% in males. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Beebe-Dimmer</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">4</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1528097245">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Beebe-Dimmer, J. L.</author><author>Pfeifer, J. R.</author><author>Engle, J. S.</author><author>Schottenfeld, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Division of Venous Disease University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. jbeebe@med.umich.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Ann Epidemiol</secondary-title><alt-title>Annals of epidemiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ann Epidemiol</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of epidemiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Ann Epidemiol</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of epidemiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>175-84</pages><volume>15</volume><number>3</number><edition>2005/02/23</edition><keywords><keyword>Chronic Disease/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Europe/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Prevalence</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>Sex Distribution</keyword><keyword>United States/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword><keyword>Venous Insufficiency/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1047-2797 (Print)
1047-2797</isbn><accession-num>15723761</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.015</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>4 Subjects with varicose veins have a reduced quality of life compared with the general population, and this discrepancy can be significantly improved at 6 weeks by operating on themPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TbWl0aDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 6, 7. A Traditional method of Trendelenberg Surgery (surgical treatment) is still followed with some modern developments and modifications which involves vein stripping which removes the affected veins. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> Radiofrequency ablation is one of the modern technique for the treatment of varicose veins which uses thermal energy to remove varicose veins which is associated with less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and less risk of infections compared with conventional surgery and also lower chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 Hence, we did a randomized controlled trial on 50 eligible subjects diagnosed with varicose veins, posted for surgical management in the Department of general surgery, Railway hospital, Perambur for a period of 1 year between October 2016 to October 2017 to compare Trendelenberg surgery with Radiofrequency ablation in terms of short term outcome and factors associated with outcome. Our study population totally included 40 males and 10 females. The objectives and settings of our study were similar to that of studies done by Mendes CA et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 36, Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>, Helmy ElKaffas K et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41, Lurie F et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12, Rasmussen LH et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy
PjxSZWNOdW0+Njk8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij4zODwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjY5PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0
Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjgzNTQ1MzgiPjY5PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW4sIEwuIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5MYXdhZXR6LCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmpvZXJuLCBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+VmVubml0cywgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJsZW1pbmdzLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+RWtsb2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJl
c3M+RGFuaXNoIFZlaW4gQ2VudHJlcywgTmFlc3R2ZWQsIERlbm1hcmsuIGxockB2YXJpeC5kazwv
YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlJhbmRvbWl6ZWQgY2xpbmljYWwgdHJpYWwgY29t
cGFyaW5nIGVuZG92ZW5vdXMgbGFzZXIgYWJsYXRpb24sIHJhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5IGFibGF0aW9u
LCBmb2FtIHNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkgYW5kIHN1cmdpY2FsIHN0cmlwcGluZyBmb3IgZ3JlYXQgc2Fw
aGVub3VzIHZhcmljb3NlIHZlaW5zPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkJyIEogU3VyZzwv
c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VGhlIEJyaXRpc2ggam91cm5hbCBvZiBzdXJnZXJ5
PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPlRoZSBCcml0
aXNoIEpvdXJuYWwgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdl
cz4xMDc5LTg3PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjk4PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj44PC9udW1iZXI+PGVk
aXRpb24+MjAxMS8wNy8wNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BbmFseXNpcyBvZiBWYXJpYW5jZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYXRoZXRlciBBYmxhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3MvKm1ldGhvZHM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29zdHMgYW5kIENvc3QgQW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
RW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFyIFByb2NlZHVyZXMvZWNvbm9taWNzLyptZXRob2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGFz
ZXIgVGhlcmFweS9lY29ub21pY3MvKm1ldGhvZHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb3N0b3BlcmF0aXZl
IENvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnMvZWNvbm9taWNzL2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNhcGhl
bm91cyBWZWluPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkvZWNvbm9taWNzLyptZXRo
b2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNldmVyaXR5IG9mIElsbG5lc3MgSW5kZXg8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VWx0cmFzb25vZ3Jh
cGh5LCBJbnRlcnZlbnRpb25hbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlucy9lY29u
b21pY3MvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9r
ZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkF1ZzwvZGF0
ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMDctMTMyMzwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51
bT4yMTcyNTk1NzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwMDIvYmpzLjc1NTU8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxyZW1vdGUt
ZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdl
PmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 in comparing these two procedures of management. In our study, out of 50 subjects, after randomization, 25 subjects underwent Trendelenberg surgery (50%) and the other 25 subjects underwent Radiofrequency ablation (50%). Similar to our study, Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> included 60 subjects in their study, randomly assigned to two treatment groups. In our study, among the Trendelenberg surgery group, 12 (48%) underwent Right Lower limb surgery while 13 (52%) underwent the procedure in Left LL. Among the Radiofrequency ablation 13 (52%) underwent procedure in the right LL, 3 (12%) underwent procedures bilaterally while the remaining 9 (36%) in the Left LL. Post op pain score, Post op drop in haemoglobin and Quality of life were considered as primary outcome variables in our study with Procedure type as explanatory variable. In our study, both the study groups were comparable with respect to basic sociodemographic variables. There was no difference between the groups with respect to Age, Gender distribution, Haemoglobin levels before surgery similar to as reported by Lurie F et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12. Similarly the study groups were comparable with respect to their basic sociodemographic variables as reported by Mendes CA et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZW5kZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 36, Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>, Helmy ElKaffas K et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41. Radiofrequency ablation is one of the modern technique for the treatment of varicose veins which uses thermal energy to remove varicose veins which is associated with less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and less risk of infections compared with conventional surgery and also lower chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xNjwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjEw
LCAxMTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0
Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaCwgTi4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkNsYXJrZSwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZ1bHRvbiwgRy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhv
cnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Qb3N0IEdyYWR1YXRlIFJlc2VhcmNoIEZh
Y3VsdHksIFJveWFsIENvbGxlZ2Ugb2YgU3VyZ2VvbnMgb2YgSXJlbGFuZCwgRHVibGluLCBJcmVs
YW5kIERlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3Jr
LCBJcmVsYW5kIG5vZWxseW5jaEByY3NpLmllLiYjeEQ7UG9zdCBHcmFkdWF0ZSBSZXNlYXJjaCBG
YWN1bHR5LCBSb3lhbCBDb2xsZWdlIG9mIFN1cmdlb25zIG9mIElyZWxhbmQsIER1YmxpbiwgSXJl
bGFuZC4mI3hEO0RlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFs
LCBDb3JrLCBJcmVsYW5kLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlN1cmdpY2FsIG1h
bmFnZW1lbnQgb2YgZ3JlYXQgc2FwaGVub3VzIHZlaW4gdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM6IEEgbWV0YS1h
bmFseXNpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VmFzY3VsYXI8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVs
bC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+Mjg1LTk2
PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAx
NC8wNy8xNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZl
bW9yYWwgVmVpbi8qc3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TGFzZXIgVGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5RdWFsaXR5IG9mIExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVub3VzIFZl
aW4vKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VydmV5cyBhbmQgUXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+ZW5kb3Zlbm91cyBsYXNlciB0aGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPm1ldGEtYW5hbHlz
aXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD52ZWluczwva2V5
d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+
SnVuPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTcwOC01MzgxPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nl
c3Npb24tbnVtPjI1MDI2ODkyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVy
bD5odHRwOi8vam91cm5hbHMuc2FnZXB1Yi5jb20vZG9pL2Ficy8xMC4xMTc3LzE3MDg1MzgxMTQ1
NDI2MzM/dXJsX3Zlcj1aMzkuODgtMjAwMyZhbXA7cmZyX2lkPW9yaTpyaWQ6Y3Jvc3NyZWYub3Jn
JmFtcDtyZnJfZGF0PWNyX3B1YiUzZHB1Ym1lZDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48
ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE3Ny8xNzA4NTM4MTE0NTQyNjMzPC9lbGVjdHJv
bmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRh
dGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48
Q2l0ZT48WWVhcj4yMDA4PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MjM8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjIzPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlw
MjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjY0NTcxMjci
PjIzPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkJvb2sgU2VjdGlvbiI+NTwv
cmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5WYXJp
Y29zZSB2ZWluczogU3VyZ2ljYWwgYW5kIG5vbi1zdXJnaWNhbCB0cmVhdG1lbnQgb3B0aW9uczwv
dGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDg8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHVibGlzaGVy
PklRV2lHIChJbnN0aXR1dGUgZm9yIFF1YWxpdHkgYW5kIEVmZmljaWVuY3kgaW4gSGVhbHRoIENh
cmUpPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxN
PC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 In our study, subjects in the Trendelenberg group [ 95(IQR 94 to 96) ] had an inferior quality of life compared to the Radiofrequency ablation group [ 96(IQR 96 to 96) ]. This difference was statistically significant (P value-0.001). Similar to our study , Lurie F et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12 in their study also observed that statistically significant differences in favor of the Radiofrequency obliteration group compared to ligation and stripping for global score and pain score during follow-up. The magnitude of the difference, however in their study, progressively decreased between 1 week and 4 months. But Paravastu SC et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXJhdmFzdHU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXJhdmFzdHU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 55 in their study observed that there was no difference between treatments in QoL with modern techniques such as endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) compared to conventional surgery. In our study, SF 36 was used to assess the quality of life. The QOL instrument shows the amount of advantage associated by means of measuring discomfort and cosmetic aspects related to the procedures. The early return to normal activity followed by a much more rapid return to work, within the first week after RFO, are consistent and realPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MdXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT41MDwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjEy
PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NTA8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+
PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSIyOXAyOXB2ZXJ0eHIyZ2V0dHRneHZm
ZWdwcDJzMnBycGZhcjAiIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTUyNjcyMzQ0OSI+NTA8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24t
a2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkx1cmllLCBGLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q3JldG9u
LCBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWtsb2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LYWJuaWNrLCBM
LiBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2lzdG5lciwgUi4gTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBpY2hv
dCwgTy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNjaHVsbGVyLVBldHJvdmljLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+U2Vzc2EsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJl
c3M+U3RyYXViIEZvdW5kYXRpb24sIFN0cmF1YiBDbGluaWMgYW5kIEhvc3BpdGFsLCAxMTAwIFdh
cmQgQXZlbnVlLCBTdWl0ZSAxMDQ1LCBIb25vbHVsdSwgSEkgOTY4MTQsIFVTQS4gdGVkbHVyaWVA
eWFob28uY29tPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgcmFuZG9t
aXplZCBzdHVkeSBvZiBlbmRvdmVub3VzIHJhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5IG9ibGl0ZXJhdGlvbiAoY2xv
c3VyZSBwcm9jZWR1cmUpIHZlcnN1cyBsaWdhdGlvbiBhbmQgc3RyaXBwaW5nIGluIGEgc2VsZWN0
ZWQgcGF0aWVudCBwb3B1bGF0aW9uIChFVk9MVmVTIFN0dWR5KTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT5KIFZhc2MgU3VyZzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2
YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0
bGU+SiBWYXNjIFN1cmc8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHZhc2N1bGFyIHN1
cmdlcnk8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkog
VmFzYyBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB2YXNjdWxhciBzdXJnZXJ5
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MjA3LTE0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjM4
PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4yPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwMy8wOC8wMjwvZWRpdGlvbj48
a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2F0aGV0ZXIgQWJsYXRp
b24vKmFkdmVyc2UgZWZmZWN0cy8qbWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UG9zdG9wZXJhdGl2ZSBDb21wbGlj
YXRpb25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+UXVhbGl0eSBvZiBMaWZlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlY292ZXJ5IG9mIEZ1bmN0
aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNhcGhlbm91cyBWZWluLypzdXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlRyZWF0bWVudCBPdXRjb21lPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZhcmljb3NlIFZlaW5z
LypzdXJnZXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZhc2N1bGFyIFN1cmdpY2FsIFByb2NlZHVyZXMv
KmFkdmVyc2UgZWZmZWN0cy8qbWV0aG9kcy9yZWhhYmlsaXRhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdv
cmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDAzPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+QXVnPC9kYXRlPjwv
cHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDc0MS01MjE0IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA3NDEtNTIxNDwv
aXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMjg5MTA5OTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+
PHJlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj5OTE08L3JlbW90ZS1kYXRhYmFzZS1wcm92aWRlcj48
bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12. These attributes are not only pleasing to the patient, but they also bear important considerations for overall cost of the procedure that may offset the higher specific costs for the Closure catheter and for duplex scanning in the operating room. Cost savings reported in the literature can be due to lower risk for infection in the RF ablation groupPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13. In our study, the median duration of surgery in Trendelenberg group was 55 minutes while it was 38 minutes in Radiofrequency ablation group. This difference of 17 minutes between the groups was statistically significant (P value-<0.001). Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> also observed a significant difference in the duration of surgery (p = 0.00). But Subramonia S et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13 in their study reported that ablation took longer to perform than surgery (mean 76.8 vs 47.0 min, p< 0.001). But their study was performed in 2010 and lot of technological advancements have been made since then, and the duration of surgery could also be affected by several factors related to the subject and surgeon. Similar to our study, Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>, Helmy ElKaffas K et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41 also reported a lower duration of hospital stay in RF ablation group compared to Trendelenberg surgery group which was statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.001). There was a median difference of 2 days for return to normal activities at the end of first post-operative week in Trendelenberg surgery group compared to Radiofrequency ablation in our study which was statistically significant. (P value-<0.001). Similarly Subramonia S et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdWJyYW1vbmlhPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13 in their study observed that RF ablation enabled patients to return to work 1 week earlier than after surgery (mean 12.2 vs 19.8 days, p=0.006). Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> also observed a statistically significant difference between the groups similar to our study with respect to resumption of normal activities. Rasmussen LH et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 in their study also observed a statistically significant difference in the median time to return to normal function between the groups with 1 day in RF group compared to 4 days in surgical group(P < 0.001). The difference between study group with respect to post op pain scores was statistically significant in our study (P value-<0.001). It was 2 in Trendelenberg surgery group compared to 1 in Radiofrequency ablation. Singh SK et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> also observed statistically significant difference in average pain scores (0.00), average intake of oral analgesics (0.00) between the groups similar to our study. Similar to our study, Rasmussen LH et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy
PjxSZWNOdW0+Njk8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij4zODwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjY5PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0
Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjgzNTQ1MzgiPjY5PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW4sIEwuIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5MYXdhZXR6LCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmpvZXJuLCBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+VmVubml0cywgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJsZW1pbmdzLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+RWtsb2YsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJl
c3M+RGFuaXNoIFZlaW4gQ2VudHJlcywgTmFlc3R2ZWQsIERlbm1hcmsuIGxockB2YXJpeC5kazwv
YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlJhbmRvbWl6ZWQgY2xpbmljYWwgdHJpYWwgY29t
cGFyaW5nIGVuZG92ZW5vdXMgbGFzZXIgYWJsYXRpb24sIHJhZGlvZnJlcXVlbmN5IGFibGF0aW9u
LCBmb2FtIHNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkgYW5kIHN1cmdpY2FsIHN0cmlwcGluZyBmb3IgZ3JlYXQgc2Fw
aGVub3VzIHZhcmljb3NlIHZlaW5zPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkJyIEogU3VyZzwv
c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VGhlIEJyaXRpc2ggam91cm5hbCBvZiBzdXJnZXJ5
PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPlRoZSBCcml0
aXNoIEpvdXJuYWwgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdl
cz4xMDc5LTg3PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjk4PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj44PC9udW1iZXI+PGVk
aXRpb24+MjAxMS8wNy8wNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BbmFseXNpcyBvZiBWYXJpYW5jZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYXRoZXRlciBBYmxhdGlvbi9lY29ub21pY3MvKm1ldGhvZHM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29zdHMgYW5kIENvc3QgQW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
RW5kb3Zhc2N1bGFyIFByb2NlZHVyZXMvZWNvbm9taWNzLyptZXRob2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGFz
ZXIgVGhlcmFweS9lY29ub21pY3MvKm1ldGhvZHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb3N0b3BlcmF0aXZl
IENvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnMvZWNvbm9taWNzL2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNhcGhl
bm91cyBWZWluPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNjbGVyb3RoZXJhcHkvZWNvbm9taWNzLyptZXRo
b2RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNldmVyaXR5IG9mIElsbG5lc3MgSW5kZXg8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VWx0cmFzb25vZ3Jh
cGh5LCBJbnRlcnZlbnRpb25hbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WYXJpY29zZSBWZWlucy9lY29u
b21pY3MvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9r
ZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkF1ZzwvZGF0
ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMDctMTMyMzwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51
bT4yMTcyNTk1NzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwMDIvYmpzLjc1NTU8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxyZW1vdGUt
ZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdl
PmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 in their study observed lower postintervention pain scores of 1.21 in RF group compared to 2.25 in Surgery group (P < 0.001). In our study Subject in Trendelenberg surgery group lost 2 work days higher compared to Radiofrequency ablation group which was statistically significant (P value-<0.001). In our study, in the Trendelenberg group, during the procedure, Hb decreased from 12.8 to 11.8 g/dL, while in the RF group, there was no drop in haemoglobin. There was statistically no difference in levels of haemoglobin between the groups before the procedure and also after the procedure. With regards to complications, among the Trendelenberg surgery group 3 (12%) people had Cellulitis, 6 (24%) people had Edema while no complications was reported in the RF ablation group. Rasmussen LH et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYXNtdXNzZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38 in their study reported a major complication of deep vein thrombosis in a subject after surgical stripping. No other major complications were recorded in their study. A Traditional method of Trendelenberg Surgery is still followed with some modern developments and modifications which involves vein stripping which removes the affected veins. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Singh</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">2</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526447594">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Singh, Sunil Kumar</author><author>Chaudhary, Poras</author><author>Khandelwal, Sachin</author><author>Poddar, Devadatta</author><author>Biswal, Upendra C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery</title><secondary-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Hellenic Journal of Surgery</full-title></periodical><pages>347-354</pages><volume>86</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>2014/11/01</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1868-8845</isbn><urls><related-urls><url> Since this method includes lot of complications such as postoperative pain, hematomas, wound infections and sensory distributions due to removal of skin nerves ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526305817">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lin, F.</author><author>Zhang, S.</author><author>Sun, Y.</author><author>Ren, S.</author><author>Liu, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>1 Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital No. 2, Yinghua yuan East Road, Beijing, China.</auth-address><titles><title>The management of varicose veins</title><secondary-title>Int Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>International surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int Surg</full-title><abbr-1>International surgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>185-9</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2015/01/17</edition><keywords><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Laser Therapy</keyword><keyword>Pain, Postoperative/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Return to Work</keyword><keyword>*Sclerotherapy</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0020-8868</isbn><accession-num>25594661</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, the modern techniques came up. In the modern methods of surgical procedures, there are fewer complications, compared to the traditional methods but clinical output wise there is not much difference. Now a days patients are falling towards modern methods though it is costly , because of less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
dW0+MTU8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij45LCAx
MDwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVy
Pjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2
ZmVncHAyczJwcnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MaW4sIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5aaGFuZywg
Uy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN1biwgWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlbiwgUy48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkxpdSwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgt
YWRkcmVzcz4xIERlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgVmFzY3VsYXIgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ2hpbmEtSmFwYW4gRnJp
ZW5kc2hpcCBIb3NwaXRhbCBOby4gMiwgWWluZ2h1YSB5dWFuIEVhc3QgUm9hZCwgQmVpamluZywg
Q2hpbmEuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgb2YgdmFy
aWNvc2UgdmVpbnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SW50IFN1cmc8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3VyZ2VyeTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkludCBTdXJnPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+SW50
ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBzdXJnZXJ5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5JbnQgU3VyZzwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgc3Vy
Z2VyeTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjE4NS05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1l
PjEwMDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTUvMDEvMTc8L2VkaXRp
b24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDYXRoZXRlciBBYmxhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kkxhc2VyIFRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UGFpbiwgUG9zdG9wZXJhdGl2ZS9ldGlvbG9neS9wcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2w8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmV0dXJuIHRvIFdvcms8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNjbGVy
b3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VHJlYXRtZW50IE91dGNvbWU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxNTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48
L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMjAtODg2ODwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yNTU5NDY2MTwvYWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0u
bmloLmdvdi9wbWMvYXJ0aWNsZXMvUE1DNDMwMTI4Ny9wZGYvaTAwMjAtODg2OC0xMDAtMS0xODUu
cGRmPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20yPlBNQzQzMDEyODc8L2N1c3Rv
bTI+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjk3MzgvaW50c3VyZy1kLTE0LTAwMDg0LjE8
L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9y
ZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+
PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+THluY2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
dW0+MTY8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iMjlwMjlwdmVydHhyMmdldHR0Z3h2ZmVncHAyczJw
cnBmYXIwIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE1MjYzMDU4MTciPjE2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJl
Zi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaCwgTi4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNsYXJrZSwgTS48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZ1bHRvbiwgRy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmli
dXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Qb3N0IEdyYWR1YXRlIFJlc2VhcmNoIEZhY3VsdHksIFJveWFs
IENvbGxlZ2Ugb2YgU3VyZ2VvbnMgb2YgSXJlbGFuZCwgRHVibGluLCBJcmVsYW5kIERlcGFydG1l
bnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3JrLCBJcmVsYW5kIG5v
ZWxseW5jaEByY3NpLmllLiYjeEQ7UG9zdCBHcmFkdWF0ZSBSZXNlYXJjaCBGYWN1bHR5LCBSb3lh
bCBDb2xsZWdlIG9mIFN1cmdlb25zIG9mIElyZWxhbmQsIER1YmxpbiwgSXJlbGFuZC4mI3hEO0Rl
cGFydG1lbnQgb2YgU3VyZ2VyeSwgQ29yayBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3BpdGFsLCBDb3JrLCBJcmVs
YW5kLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlN1cmdpY2FsIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgb2Yg
Z3JlYXQgc2FwaGVub3VzIHZlaW4gdmFyaWNvc2UgdmVpbnM6IEEgbWV0YS1hbmFseXNpczwvdGl0
bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+
VmFzY3VsYXI8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNj
dWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZhc2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxh
bHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5WYXNjdWxhcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZh
c2N1bGFyPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+Mjg1LTk2PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAxNC8wNy8xNzwvZWRp
dGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVs
dDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbW9yYWwgVmVpbi8q
c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGFzZXIg
VGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5R
dWFsaXR5IG9mIExpZmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2FwaGVub3VzIFZlaW4vKnN1cmdlcnk8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VydmV5cyBhbmQgUXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2UgVmVpbnMvKnN1cmdlcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1
bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VmFyaWNvc2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+ZW5kb3Zlbm91
cyBsYXNlciB0aGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPm1ldGEtYW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+c3VyZ2VyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD52ZWluczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdv
cmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SnVuPC9kYXRlPjwv
cHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTcwOC01MzgxPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI1
MDI2ODkyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vam91
cm5hbHMuc2FnZXB1Yi5jb20vZG9pL2Ficy8xMC4xMTc3LzE3MDg1MzgxMTQ1NDI2MzM/dXJsX3Zl
cj1aMzkuODgtMjAwMyZhbXA7cmZyX2lkPW9yaTpyaWQ6Y3Jvc3NyZWYub3JnJmFtcDtyZnJfZGF0
PWNyX3B1YiUzZHB1Ym1lZDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1y
ZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE3Ny8xNzA4NTM4MTE0NTQyNjMzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT48cmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3ZpZGVyPk5MTTwvcmVtb3RlLWRhdGFiYXNlLXByb3Zp
ZGVyPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and lower risk of infections and also chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 Duplex ultrasound has become the reference standard in assessing the morphology and haemodynamics of the lower limb veins. It is a fundamental component of the investigation of the lower limb venous system after treatment for varicose veins. Varicose vein surgery is characterized by high recurrence rate. The SFJ is a common site of recurrence following surgeryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZXJyaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZXJyaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 60. At the end of first month after the procedure, on post op duplex assessment, in our study, among the Trendelenberg surgery group 48% had Right LL Small Vessel Networks (SVN) at SFJ Site with Non Visualization of GSV while 52% had on the left. Among the RF ablation group 52% had it on the right with 36% on the left and 12% bilaterally. Burihan MC et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Burihan</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">51</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526733199">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Burihan, M. C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgery for great saphenous vein varices</title><secondary-title>Sao Paulo Med J</secondary-title><alt-title>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sao Paulo Med J</full-title><abbr-1>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sao Paulo Med J</full-title><abbr-1>Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>69</pages><volume>132</volume><number>1</number><edition>2014/01/30</edition><keywords><keyword>Catheter Ablation/*methods</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laser Therapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>*Saphenous Vein</keyword><keyword>Sclerotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*therapy</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1516-3180</isbn><accession-num>24474085</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1590/1516-3180.20141321t2</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>51 in their study had observed that recurrence following RFA showed no difference when compared with surgery and recanalization within four months was observed more frequently following RFA compared with HL/S, although not statistically significant. Helmy ElKaffas K et al ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Helmy ElKaffas</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="29p29pvertxr2getttgxvfegpp2s2prpfar0" timestamp="1526731118">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Helmy ElKaffas, K.</author><author>ElKashef, O.</author><author>ElBaz, W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiodiagnosis, Cairo University, Egypt. kkaffas@</auth-address><titles><title>Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial</title><secondary-title>Angiology</secondary-title><alt-title>Angiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Angiology</full-title><abbr-1>Angiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>49-54</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/08/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Catheter Ablation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Saphenous Vein/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Single-Blind Method</keyword><keyword>Varicose Veins/*surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-3197</isbn><accession-num>20724299</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1177/0003319710380680</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>41 in their study also observed no significant differences in recurrence rates at 24 months follow-up. Balint R et alPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxpbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20 in their review article had observed that both endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation were efficient in great saphenous vein occlusion on the long term. Our results demonstrate that radiofrequency ablation is a patient-friendly technique that effectively eliminates significant complications compared to conventional surgery. Unlike surgical-based techniques, radiofrequency ablation involves no incision and also requires minimal recovery time. Radiofrequency ablation is one of the modern technique for the treatment of varicose veins which uses thermal energy to remove varicose veins which is associated with less pain and faster recoveryPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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 EN.CITE.DATA 9, 10, and less risk of infections compared with conventional surgery and also lower chances of reoccurrence.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MeW5jaDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 10, 11 CONCLUSIONS:Varicose veins affecting the lower limb is a major public health problem and often impairs the quality of life (QOL).In our study, out of 50 subjects, after randomization, 25 underwent Trendelenberg surgery (50%) and the other 25 subjects underwent Radiofrequency ablation (50%).Among the Trendelenberg surgery group, 12 (48%) underwent Right Lower limb surgery while 13 (52%) underwent the procedure in Left LL. Among the Radiofrequency ablation group, 13 (52%) underwent procedure in the right LL, 3 (12%) underwent procedures bilaterally while the remaining 9 (36%) in the Left LL.There was no difference between the groups with respect to Age, Gender distribution, Haemoglobin levels before surgerySubjects in the Trendelenberg group [ 95(IQR 94 to 96) ] had an inferior quality of life compared to the Radiofrequency ablation group [ 96(IQR 96 to 96) ]. This difference was statistically significant (P value-0.001). The median duration of surgery in Trendelenberg group was 55 minutes while it was 38 minutes in Radiofrequency ablation group. This difference of 17 minutes between the groups was statistically significant (P value-<0.001).The difference between study group with respect to post op pain scores was statistically significant in our study (P value-<0.001). In our study, in the Trendelenberg group, during the procedure, Hb decreased from 12.8 to 11.8 g/dL, while in the RF group, there was no drop in haemoglobin. There was statistically no difference in levels of haemoglobin between the groups before the procedure and also after the procedure. With regards to complications, among the Trendelenberg surgery group 3 (12%) people had Cellulitis, 6 (24%) people had Edema while no complications was reported in the RF ablation group.At the end of first month after the procedure, on post op duplex assessment, in our study, among the Trendelenberg surgery group 48% had Right LL Small Vessel Networks (SVN) at SFJ Site with Non Visualization of GSV while 52% had on the left. Among the RF ablation group 52% had it on the right with 36% on the left and 12% bilaterally.STRENGTHS:The study has attempted to assess the effectiveness of RF ablation for management of Varicose veins of lower limb compared to Conventional Trendelenberg surgery. These study findings will have strong implications for Surgical practice in resource poor settings like India, where there is a need for immediate return to work, shorter hospital stay. Recurrence is also low thereby reducing the total cost.LIMITATIONS:The assessment of outcomes such as the pain scores are subjective. As a result, the possibility of reporting bias cannot be completely ruled out. The direction and magnitude of this bias is also difficult to estimate.RECOMMENDATIONS:Considering the ease of procedure and decreased complications, with faster return to work and reduced hospital stay, RF ablation should be the treatment of choice whenever it is available. Further large scale multi centre studies in various settings across the country comparing it with various other modern techniques such as Foam sclerotherapy and Endovenous laser ablation should be undertaken in the near future to determine the choice of management. BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES: ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Evans CJ, Fowkes FG, Ruckley CV, Lee AJ. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999;53(3):149-53.2.Singh SK, Chaudhary P, Khandelwal S, Poddar D, Biswal UC. Treatment of varicose veins of lower limb: A prospective randomized comparison of radiofrequency ablation and conventional surgery. Hellenic Journal of Surgery. 2014;86(6):347-54.3.Chwala M, Szczeklik W, Szczeklik M, Aleksiejew-Kleszczynski T, Jagielska-Chwala M. Varicose veins of lower extremities, hemodynamics and treatment methods. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015;24(1):5-14.4.Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15(3):175-84.5.Carpentier PH, Maricq HR, Biro C, Poncot-Makinen CO, Franco A. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical patterns of chronic venous disorders of lower limbs: a population-based study in France. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(4):650-9.6.Smith JJ, Garratt AM, Guest M, Greenhalgh RM, Davies AH. Evaluating and improving health-related quality of life in patients with varicose veins. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30(4):710-9.7.Aber A, Poku E, Phillips P, Essat M, Buckley Woods H, Palfreyman S, et al. Systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures in patients with varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2017;104(11):1424-32.8.Gohel MS, Davies AH. Pharmacological agents in the treatment of venous disease: an update of the available evidence. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009;7(3):303-8.9.Lin F, Zhang S, Sun Y, Ren S, Liu P. The management of varicose veins. Int Surg. 2015;100(1):185-9.10.Lynch NP, Clarke M, Fulton GJ. Surgical management of great saphenous vein varicose veins: A meta-analysis. Vascular. 2015;23(3):285-96.11.Varicose veins: Surgical and non-surgical treatment options. IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care); 2008.12.Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, Kabnick LS, Kistner RL, Pichot O, et al. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg. 2003;38(2):207-14.13.Subramonia S, Lees T. Radiofrequency ablation vs conventional surgery for varicose veins - a comparison of treatment costs in a randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;39(1):104-11.14.Merchant RF, Pichot O. Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment for superficial venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(3):502-9; discussion 9.15.Merchant RF, DePalma RG, Kabnick LS. Endovascular obliteration of saphenous reflux: a multicenter study. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(6):1190-6.16.Joseph N, B A, Faizan Thouseef M, Devi MU, Abna A, Juneja I. A multicenter review of epidemiology and management of varicose veins for national guidance. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016;8:21-7.17.Schoonover JP, King JT, Gray C, Campbell K, Sherman C. 3 alternatives to standard varicose vein treatment. J Fam Pract. 2009;58(10):522-6.18.Jawien A, Grzela T, Ochwat A. Prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in Poland: Multicentre cross-sectional study in 40,095 patients2003. 110-22 p.19.Kabnick LS, Ombrellino M. Ambulatory Phlebectomy. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 2005;22(3):218-24.20.Balint R, Farics A, Parti K, Vizsy L, Batorfi J, Menyhei G, et al. Which endovenous ablation method does offer a better long-term technical success in the treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein? Review. Vascular. 2016;24(6):649-57.21.Subramonia S, Lees TA. The Treatment of Varicose Veins. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2007;89(2):96-100.22.Kroeger K, Ose C, Rudofsky G, Roesener J, Hirche H. Risk factors for varicose veins. Int Angiol. 2004;23(1):29-34.23.Allegra C, Antignani PL, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Coleridge-Smith P, Cornu-Thenard A, et al. The "C" of CEAP: suggested definitions and refinements: an International Union of Phlebology conference of experts. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37(1):129-31.24.Eklof B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Gloviczki P, Kistner RL, et al. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(6):1248-52.25.Porter JM, Moneta GL. Reporting standards in venous disease: an update. International Consensus Committee on Chronic Venous Disease. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21(4):635-45.26.Rutherford RB, Padberg FT, Jr., Comerota AJ, Kistner RL, Meissner MH, Moneta GL. Venous severity scoring: An adjunct to venous outcome assessment. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31(6):1307-12.27.Caggiati A, Bergan JJ, Gloviczki P, Eklof B, Allegra C, Partsch H. Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limb: extensions, refinements, and clinical application. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41(4):719-24.28.Eklof B, Perrin M, Delis KT, Rutherford RB, Gloviczki P. Updated terminology of chronic venous disorders: the VEIN-TERM transatlantic interdisciplinary consensus document. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(2):498-501.29.van Rij AM, Jones GT, Hill BG, Amer M, Thomson IA, Pettigrew RA, et al. Mechanical inhibition of angiogenesis at the saphenofemoral junction in the surgical treatment of varicose veins: early results of a blinded randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2008;118(1):66-74.30.Campbell B. Varicose veins and their management. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2006;333(7562):287-92.31.Cooper DG, Hillman-Cooper CS, Barker SG, Hollingsworth SJ. Primary varicose veins: the sapheno-femoral junction, distribution of varicosities and patterns of incompetence. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003;25(1):53-9.32.Lee D-K, Ahn K-S, Kang CH, Cho SB. Ultrasonography of the lower extremity veins: anatomy and basic approach. Ultrasonography. 2017;36(2):120-30.33.Mozes G, Gloviczki P, Menawat SS, Fisher DR, Carmichael SW, Kadar A. Surgical anatomy for endoscopic subfascial division of perforating veins. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24(5):800-8.34.van den Boezem PB, Klem TM, le Cocq d'Armandville E, Wittens CH. The management of superficial venous incompetence. Bmj. 2011;343:d4489.35.Luebke T, Brunkwall J. Meta-analysis of transilluminated powered phlebectomy for superficial varicosities. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). 2009.36.Mendes CA, Martins AA, Fukuda JM, Parente JB, Munia MA, Fioranelli A, et al. Randomized trial of radiofrequency ablation versus conventional surgery for superficial venous insufficiency: if you don't tell, they won't know. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2016;71(11):650-6.37.Ren S, Liu P, Wang W, Yang Y. Retained Foreign Body After Laser Ablation. International Surgery. 2012;97(4):293-5.38.Rasmussen LH, Lawaetz M, Bjoern L, Vennits B, Blemings A, Eklof B. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2011;98(8):1079-87.39.van den Bos RR, Neumann M, Nijsten T. Laser fibre stabs the catheter: a serious complication of endovenous laser ablation. Phlebology. 2011;26(3):119-20.40.Almeida JI, Raines JK. Radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20(4):547-52.41.Helmy ElKaffas K, ElKashef O, ElBaz W. Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial. Angiology. 2011;62(1):49-54.42.Goodyear SJ, Nyamekye IK. Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: Best practice techniques and evidence. Phlebology. 2015;30(2 Suppl):9-17.43.Venermo M, Saarinen J, Eskelinen E, V?h?aho S, Saarinen E, Railo M, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery, endovenous laser ablation and ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. The British Journal of Surgery. 2016;103(11):1438-44.44.Navarro L, Min RJ, Bone C. Endovenous laser: a new minimally invasive method of treatment for varicose veins--preliminary observations using an 810 nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(2):117-22.45.Gloviczki P, Comerota AJ, Dalsing MC, Eklof BG, Gillespie DL, Gloviczki ML, et al. The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2011;53(5):2S-48S.46.van den Bos RR, Kockaert MA, Neumann HA, Nijsten T. Technical review of endovenous laser therapy for varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(1):88-95.47.Gloviczki P, Gloviczki ML. Guidelines for the management of varicose veins. Phlebology. 2012;27 Suppl 1:2-9.48.Tellings SS, Ceulen RP, Sommer A. Surgery and endovenous techniques for the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: a review of the literature. Phlebology. 2011;26(5):179-84.49.Carroll C, Hummel S, Leaviss J, Ren S, Stevens JW, Cantrell A, et al. Systematic review, network meta-analysis and exploratory cost-effectiveness model of randomized trials of minimally invasive techniques versus surgery for varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2014;101(9):1040-52.50.Harlander-Locke M, Jimenez JC, Lawrence PF, Derubertis BG, Rigberg DA, Gelabert HA. Endovenous ablation with concomitant phlebectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment for symptomatic patients with axial reflux and large incompetent tributaries. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(1):166-72.51.Burihan MC. Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgery for great saphenous vein varices. Sao Paulo Med J. 2014;132(1):69.52.Marsden G, Perry M, Bradbury A, Hickey N, Kelley K, Trender H, et al. A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Surgery, Endothermal Ablation, Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy and Compression Stockings for Symptomatic Varicose Veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;50(6):794-801.53.Bountouroglou DG, Azzam M, Kakkos SK, Pathmarajah M, Young P, Geroulakos G. Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy combined with sapheno-femoral ligation compared to surgical treatment of varicose veins: early results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;31(1):93-100.54.Bozoglan O, Mese B, Eroglu E, Ekerbi?er HC, Yasim A. Comparison of Endovenous Laser and Radiofrequency Ablation in Treating Varices in the Same Patient. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2017;8(1):13-6.55.Paravastu SC, Horne M, Dodd PD. Endovenous ablation therapy (laser or radiofrequency) or foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgical repair for short saphenous varicose veins. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:Cd010878.56.van Groenendael L, van der Vliet JA, Flinkenflogel L, Roovers EA, van Sterkenburg SM, Reijnen MM. Treatment of recurrent varicose veins of the great saphenous vein by conventional surgery and endovenous laser ablation. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50(5):1106-13.57.Mauck KF, Asi N, Undavalli C, Elraiyah TA, Nabhan M, Altayar O, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical interventions versus conservative therapy for venous ulcers. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(2 Suppl):60S-70S.e1-2.58.Davies HO, Popplewell M, Darvall K, Bate G, Bradbury AW. A review of randomised controlled trials comparing ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy with endothermal ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Phlebology. 2016;31(4):234-40.59.Kirkwood B, Sterne J. Calculation of required sample size. Essentials and Medical Statistics. 1988.60.Perrin MR, Labropoulos N, Leon LR, Jr. Presentation of the patient with recurrent varices after surgery (REVAS). J Vasc Surg. 2006;43(2):327-34; discussion 34.ANNEXURES ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- getroman com reviews
- acurafinancialservices.com account management
- acurafinancialservices.com account ma
- getroman.com tv
- http cashier.95516.com bing
- http cashier.95516.com bingprivacy notice.pdf
- connected mcgraw hill com lausd
- education.com games play
- rushmorelm.com one time payment
- autotrader.com used cars
- b com 2nd year syllabus
- gmail.com sign in