MEMORY
MEMORY
• Memory is the capacity to acquire, retain and recall knowledge and skills.
Humans have 3 levels of memory and 3 different types of memory.
Types of Memory
1. Episodic Memory
• Ability to remember events from the past
2. Semantic Memory
• Knowledge of how the world works
3. Procedural Memory
• How to accomplish things
Levels of Memory
1. Sensory Memory
• Receives information from the environment through each of the senses: sight, hearing, smell taste and touch.
• Enables you to hold information long enough to record what is necessary from the environment
• Allows you to select what you think should be retained from all the sensory information your are receiving.
2. Short-Term Memory
• The retention of information for short periods of time (in your conscious mind)
• Holds information up to 15 to 20 seconds.
• If you pay attention to the information it may be stored in long term memory, if not it may discarded.
• Can store up to seven separate, unorganized items. EX: phone numbers.
• The most common way to store information by sound or as a mental picture.
3. Long-Term Memory
• The retention of information for long periods of time (in your conscious & unconscious mind)
• Items that are important and have meaning are stored in LTM
• We can retain as much info as we want for as long as we want, but we may not always recall everything
• LTM memories are easier to access if they are recalled regularly, organized and relate to other information.
Levels of Memory
Sensory Memory
← Based on 5 senses
← Only recorded for a few seconds – once you’ve recorded the necessary information, the sensory memory fades
□ Examples:
← Taste of sandwich in your mouth
← Sight of a squirrel crossing the road
← Feel of chair against your back
Short-term memory
← What’s going on in your conscious mind right now
← Holds information for 15-20 seconds
← Most people can remember about 7 separate, unorganized items in short term memory
← Can work with more if you organize it into groups
□ Example: someone tells you their phone number and you punch it into your cell phone
Long-term Memory
□ Which is easier to remember, the name of a friend, or the name of the waiter at the last restaurant you dined at?
← If it’s important to you, you’ll remember it
□ Long-term memory is unlimited, but we not always be able to recall the information
□ Tricks to improving your long term memory?
← Ascribe personal meaning
← Mnemonic device
← Recall items regularly
← Organization
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