A . s Tan Spot http://sickcitrus.tamu.edu PLPA-Cit013-01

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PLPA-Cit013-01

WheCatodisneagserseso Argentino de HD. Sochrutltizc, Ru. ltura. Se

bencimidazol y aceite en mandarina Nova. Summary

CRiytbruask BMl.aAc.k, CSpaontteros B. I. Soliz J., Be

ent?ficas y T?cnicas y Reuni?n de para control de Black spot con bencim Citrus Black Spot is a fungal disease that causes early fruit drop, reduces yield and makes the fruit unfit for

a. FCA - UNNE. 6 y 7 de Agosto de 2008. fresh market. Spores produced on folRiageeaurenthei?mnain idnoeculuCmosomurceu, anndictheamcoivoemnenet osf siCckipelanntsto?rfica

Extensi?n.Corrientes ? Argentina. FCA foliage the means of dispersion.

The disease occurs in subtropical regions worldwide. In the US, Citrus Black Spot is only present in South

Florida, where it was detected in 201R0. esumen Sanidad Veg! etal _14.

n/Res2008/SanVegetal/SanVegetal_14.pdf Symptoms

of the rind (black spots, Fig. 1 & 2) make the fruits

Black spot affects ciFtrursuftoolisagedaendNfruoitvs.aThceorenaredifeuconrafeiltensfoctereftsroecsghovrmearadrakoleatsr.gEedapreloyrtivinoirntueloefnnttshseipdofrtausidmt. aOdytheerblack

several fruit symptoms that may overlap. Typical

symptoms include speckled blotch or false melanose

symptoms consist of hard spots that begin as small where the fruit is covered by tiny spots in absence

orange or red lesions with black margins and

of any other symptom. Severe disease causes

enlarge to become necrotic lesions. These blemishes extensive premature fruit drop.

T?picas maNncahraasndjuaraVs aenlemnacniadarina Nova

Figure 1: Typical black spots on Valencia orange, top left, and Ellendale mandarin, top right. Details of the lesions with

Fig. 1. Hard spots with black pycnidia pycnidia, in Nova mandarin (bottom, lefLt &ersigihot)naned isn odraengem(boattonmc, hcenatesr).dPhuotroas: sMycriaonnRybpakic. nidios en el cen

Figure 4. Pycnidia (left) and its conidia (right). Photos:

Figure 2: Hard spots on mature and green mandarin fruits.

Myrian Rybak.

ova Photos:TM?pyriicaansRymbaakn. chas duras en mandarina Nova Management

Causal agent

Black spot is caused by Guignardia citricarpa

? RpreimmoarvyPalinohofcdyuelauldmlol.easvetsicintgarovecs itotrreidcucae rthpe a (im

(asexual stage Phyllosticta citricarpa). Spores of the ? Application of fungicides. Programs with three

sexual stage, ascospores, develop on dead leaves

applications of Copper plus oil offer good

(Fig. 3). Conidia-containing Pycnidia (asexual stage, protection. First application at 2-3 cm fruit

Fig. 4) develop in the center of fruit lesions, and can diameter, second one month later (at 3-4 cm fruit

be seen as small black dots (Fig. 1). The disease is

diameter) and a third in another month (at 4-5 cm

widespread to most humid subtropical regions of the fruit diameter). In Argentina, a post infection

n picwnoidrilods. en el ceLnetrsoiodneelstedjeidomnaenchr?atsicdou(r2a0sxc)on picnidapiopsliceantioenl cweinthtroBedneolmteyjli,dCoanrebecnr?dtaizcion (o2r0x)

Thiophanate methyl, together with a second

application at 4-5 cm fruit has resulted in good

disease control. In Florida, protective treatments

G. mangiferae

uMsianngcoezitehbe,rCCaorbpGepne.dr,aSmztirmaobnoirgluTirfiheniorfapuhneagnicaitdeems,ethyl

are recommended.

References

? Dewdney M.et al. 2012. Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide:

Citrus Black Spot ( )

Figure 3. Sexual stage fruiting body (left) and asci with

? Dewdney M.et al. 2012. Citrus Black Spot (

G. caistcroicspaorreps a(right). Photos: Myrian Rybak.

InocuGluumignsaorduiracceitarincadrpcaonedn iCtiHoAns

G.

cGitr.iccai?trrppKipcoa2ta7ze4r,)pJ.. aM.

2000.

Black

spot.

Page

23-25.

In:

G. citricarp

Compendium of

Citrus Disease. APS Press.

? Rybak, M. A. et al. 2009. Momento de Pulverizaci?n y Productos

ios dAifsecroesnpcoiraelseasCreCrechcaeirmrrriieyednaftgrooamdr eydGeOauaditgmlenaeavaredlsiaaignetaonramiredios difepCraoernangercleCsiaoolAnetrrsgoelCndteihnMoedarnreycHhaaorNgticeaugrlrtauyeranO(MFaRatn-mSd4aer)i.anPalaNag.Og1Va8A1r.. XXXII

currents. Conidia (Fig. 4) from fruit lesions are

? Rybak M.A. et al. 2008. Momento de aplicaci?n para control de

disseminated by rain. Conidia and ascospores (Fig.

Black spot con bencimidazol y aceite en mandarina Nova. XIXo Reuni?n de Comunicaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas y Reuni?n de

3) are responsible for the local spread of the disease. Extensi?n.Corrientes Argentina. FCA - UNNE. http://

Long distance dispersion occurs via infected nursery

agr.unne.edu.ar/Extension/Res2008/SanVegetal/ SanVegetal_14.pdf

stock. Under favorable conditions spores germinate ? USDA Citrus Health Response Program, Black Spot http://

and infect young tissues. Although infection takes place in young tissues, lesions will not develop

aphis.plant_health/plant_pest_info/citrus/ black_spot.shtml

completely until fruits mature (Fig. 1 & 2).

Prepared by Dr. Diana Schultz1, Dr. Myrian Rybak2 y Dr. Ronald D. French3

1 Plant Pathologist, Fort Myers, Florida, 2 Plant Pathologist, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog?a Agropecuria (INTA), Estaci?n Experimental Agropecuaria, Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina, 3Assistant Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist (Amarillo, TX)

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