M
Proposed Syllabus
For
B.Tech. Bio -Technology Course
Of
M.D University
(Board of studies in Technology)
(2006)
Note: The scheme of Examination and the content of syllabi for 1st and 2nd semester of B.Tech Biotechnology will be same as of B.Tech Group-I (El/EIC/ECE) Branches.
M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION
2ND YEAR B. TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER III
EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2006-07
|S.No |Course No. |Subject |Teaching Schedule |Examination Schedule |Duration |
| | | | | |of exam |
| | | |L T P/D Total |Th. Sess P/VV Total | |
|1. |BT –201 |Cell Biology |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|2. |BT – 203 |Micro biology |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|3. |BT – 205 |Bio chemistry |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|4. |BT – 207 |Genetics |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|5. |BT- 209 |Organic Chemistry |3 1 4 |100 50 - 150 | |
|6. |BT – 211 |Mol. Biol. |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|7. |BT – 213 |Cell Biology & Genetics Lab |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
|8 |BT– 215 |Microbiology Lab. |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
|9. |BT – 217 |Biochem. & Mol Biol. lab |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
|10. |BT – 219 |Organic Chemistry lab |- - 2 2 |- 25 25 50 |3 |
| | |Total |18 6 11 35 |600 445 205 1250 | |
Note 1. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.
3rd SEMESTER( Bio– Tech. )
CELL BIOLOGY
BT –201
L T Theory: 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional: 50 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 Hrs.
UNIT I
1. Cell: An introduction and classification of organisms by cell structure,cytosol, compartmentation of eukaryotic cells, cell fractionation.
2. Cell membrane and Permeability: Chemical components of biological membranes , organization and fluidity of membrane components, the membrane as a dynamic entity of cell, signalling ,cell recognition and membrane transport.
UNIT II
3. Membrane Vacuolar System Cytoskeleton and cell motility: Structure and function of microtubules,Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments .
Endoplasmic reticulum: Structure, function including role in protein segregation.
Golgi complex: Structure, biogenesis and functions including role in protein secretion
Lysosomes , vacuoles and microbodies : Structure and functions.
4. Ribosomes : Structure and function including role in protein synthesis.
5. Mitochondria : Structure , genomes , biogenesis .
6. Chloroplasts : Structure , genomes, biogenesis.
UNIT III
7. Nucleus : Structure , cell cycle (Interphase & M phases ), regulation of cell cycle.
8. Extracellular matrix : composition ,molecules that mediate cell adhesion, membrane receptors for extra cellular matrix, macromolecules ,regulation of receptor expression and function.
9. Muscle contraction:Different muscle type in the body, structural protein of muscles, energetics and regulation of muscle contraction .
10.Neurons and Neurotransmission : Resting potential, Action potential , Synaptic transmission neurotransmitters and receptors ,the generation of action potential by sensory stimuli and mechanism of nerve-impulses
11. Cancer : Carcinogenesis , agents promoting carcinogenesis, characteristics of cancer cells,molecular basis of cancer.
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Molecular Biology of cell, 3rd edition by Albert et al, Garland Publishing ,Inc.
2. Cell Biology – Smith and Wood by Chapman and Hall
3. Cell Biology: Organelle structure and function by D.E .Sadava, Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
4. Cell and Molecular Biology , 8th ed. EDP. De Robertis and EMF DeRoberties, Lippincot
Williams & Wilkins Pvt Ltd , ( international student edition).
5. Molecular cell Biology –Harvey Lodish and D .Baltimore W.H Freeman & Co. 4th ed.2000.
Note for Paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Two from unit 1 & three each from unit II & III. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
MICRO BIOLOGY
BT- 203
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 Hrs.
UNIT I
Fundamentals of Microbiology: Scope and relevance of microbiology, Evolution of microbiology and its history.
Classification of Microorganisms : – Microbial Taxonomy, Criteria used including molecular approaches, Microbial phylogeny and Current classification of bacteria.
.
Microbial Diversity- Distribution & Characterization : Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Morphology and cell structure of major groups of microorganisms.e.g. bacteria, Fungi, algae, protozoa. Unique features of viruses.
UNIT II
Cultivation & Maintenance of Microorganism – Nutritional categories of microorganisms. Methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.
Microbial Growth and Metabolism - Growth curve, generation time. Synchronous batch and Continuous culture. Measurement of growth and factors affecting growth . Metabolic pathways –amphicatabolic and biosynthetic.
Bacterial reproduction – Transformation , Transduction & conjugation. Endospores, sporulation.
UNIT III
Control of Microorganism: Physical & chemical agents.
Water microbiology – Bacterial pollutants of water, the coliform group . Sewage composition and its disposal.
Food microbiology – Important Microorganism in food microbiology – molds, yeasts & bacteria. Major food born infections and intoxications, preservation of various types of foods.
TEXT / REFFERENCES BOOKS
1. Microbiology: Prescott et al., 2003, 5th edition, Mc Graw Hill, USA.
2. Microbiology: Pelczar et al, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Food Microbiology: Adams & Moss, 1996, C B S Publishers, New Delhi.
Note for paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
BIOCHEMISTRY
BT- 205
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Introduction to Biochemistry: A historical prospective.
2. Amino acids & Proteins – Structure & Function. Structure and properties of Amino acids, sources of amino acid pool. General reactions of amino acids: Transamination, Oxidative and non- oxidative deamination & decarboxylation. Peptide bond, types of protein and their classification, acid base properties and Titration of proteins, Forces stabilizing protein structure and shape.
Different Level of structural organization of proteins, Purification of proteins and criteria of their purity. Denaturation and renaturation of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins.
3. Carbohydrates – Structure and function : Structure and properties of Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Ring structure and mutarotation . Homo & hetero polysaccharides, Mucopolysaccharides , Sialic Acids, bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, Glycoprotein’s, and their biological Functions. Blood group substances.
4. Lipids–Structure and functions: Classification, structures, nomenclature and Properties of fatty acids, essential fatty acids, Glycosides and their classes, Hydrolysis of fats, specification value,rancidity of fats, iodine no. and acid Value. Phospholipids structure and properties of different types of phospholipids, Sphingomyelins, glycolipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides, Prostaglandis Cholesterol – its structure and biological properties, utilization of cholesterol.
5. Nucleic acids - Structure and functions: Physical & chemical properties of Nucleic acids.Structure and properties of urine & pyramidine basis Nucleosides & Nucleotides. Biologically important nucleotides, biological function of DNA & RNA species double helical model of DNA structure and forces responsible for it A, B, & Z –DNA, denaturation and annealing of DNA.
UNIT II
6. Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification of Enzymes. Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, Cofactors, coenzyme, prosthetic groups, metalloenzymes, monomeric & Oligomeric enzymes, activation energy and transition state, enzyme activity, Specific activity, common features of active sites, enzyme specificity : types & Theories (look & key induced fit & three point attachment) ribozymes, abzymes Biocatalysts from extreme thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria. Role of cofactors in enzyme catalysis : NAD + / NADP +, FMN / FAD, Coenzymes A, thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, lipoic acid, biocytin Vitamin B12 coenzymes tetrahydrofolate and metal ions;
7. Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis : reactions, energetics and regulation. Fate of pyruvate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Pentose phosphate Pathway and its significance. Gluconeogenesis pathway and its regulation . Biosynthesis of lactose, sucrose and starch. Glycogenolysis and glycogenesis. Control of Glycogen metabolism. Maintenance of blood glucose levels. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and its regulation .TCA cycle: reactions, regulation and Amphibolic nature, glyoxalate cycle. Photosynthesis.
UNIT III
8. Lipid Metabolism: Degradation of triacylglycerols by lipases, fatty acid activation, transport of fatty acyl CoA into mitochondria, beta - oxidation of Saturated fatty acids, oxidation of unsaturated and odd carbon fatty acids, Regulation of fatty acids oxidation, alpha & omega oxidation of fatty acids, peroxisomal beta - oxidation & formation & utilization of ketone bodies.Acetyl CoA carboxylase, transport of acetyl CoA from : mitochondrial matrix to cytosol, Biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids, elongation and desaturation of fatty acids, Biosynthesis of Tri acylglycerols, regulation of fatty acids metabolism.
9. Protein Metabolism : Essential & non essential amino acids, Degradation & Biosynthesis of amino acid, urea cycle : reactions, regulation and and its linkage with the citric acid cycle. Nitrogen cycle, Regulation of amino acid bio synthesis.
10. Nucleic Acid Metabolism : Denovo-biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine Nucleotides.Regulation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. salvage pathways of purines and pyrimidines . Formation of deoxyribonucleotides. Catabolism of purines and pyrimidines.
11. Integration of Metabolism : Mitochondrial electron transport chain, mechanism Of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, hypotheses of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation .
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry, 4th edition, by L. Stryer (1995). W.H.Freeman & Com...N.Y.
2. Biochemistry, 4th edition, by G .Zubay (1998). Wm.C. Brown Publishers.
3. Biochemistry, 2nd edition by Laurence A. Moran, K.G.Scrimgeour , H.R.Hortan, R.S.Ochs and J.David Rawn (1994), Neil Patterson Publishers Prentice Hall.
4. Lehninger : Principle of Biochemistry, third edition, by David L.Nelson and M.M.Cox (2000) Maxmillan / Worth publishers.
5. Biochemistry, 2ND Edition, by R.H.Garret & C.M. Grisham (1999). Saunders College publishing, N.Y.sons NY
6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet & Judith G Vote (1999), John Wiley & Sons NY.
7. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25th edition by R.K.Murray, P.A.Hayes, D.K. Granner, P.A.Mayes & V.W. Rodwell (2000).Prentice Hall International.
Note for paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each Unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
GENETICS
BT- 207
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Principles of Heredity and Variation : Mendel and his experiments, Mono hybrid crosses, Incomplete dominance and codominance, Dihybrid crosses, Rediscovery of Mendelism, Multiple alleles, Epistasis, ( Probability in prediction and analysis of Genetic data) .
2. Genes and Chromosomes : General feature of chromosomes , Cellular division, Sexual reproduction , The chromosome theory of inheritance , sex –linked , sex - limited and sex influenced inheritance ,Variation in chromosome number & structure.
3. The Molecular Organization of Chromosomes :Genome size and evolutionary complexity, the supercoiling of DNA , The structure of the bacterial chromosome , the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, Polytene chromosome .
UNIT II
4. Gene Linkage & Chromosome Mapping : Linkage and recombination of genes in a chromosome ,Crossing over & Genetic mapping , Gene mapping from three – point test crosses, mapping by tetrad analysis , Recombination within genes, Complementation.
.
5. Extranuclear Inheritance : Organelle heredity , The evolutionary origin of organelles , the cytoplasmic transmission of symbionts, maternal effect in snail shell coiling .
6.Gene Mutation and DNA Repair: Characteristics of mutations, Classification of mutation, Spontaneous mutation, induced mutation, detection of mutation, site -direct mutagenesis, Application of induced mutations, Mechanism of DNA repair.
UNIT III
7.Population Genetics and Evolution : Allele frequencies & genotype frequencies, Random mating & Hardy – Weinberg principal, Inbreeding, Genetics & Evolution. Mutation & migration, Natural selection, Random genetics drift.
8. Quantitative Genetics: Quantitative inheritance, Cause of variation, Analysis of quantitative traits.
9. Somatic Cell Genetics & Immunogenetics : Somatic cell hybrids and gene Mapping. The production of hybrid cells, The immune responses, Blood-group System, Antibodies & antibody variability, Histocomptibility Antigens.
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Hartl, D.L.Genetics. Jones & Bart let Publishers, Boston.
2. Russell, P.J. 1998. Genetics. 5th edition .Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. California.
3. Brokker.,R.J.1999.Genetics : Analysis and Principles. AW. Longman,Inc, California
4. Miglani, G.S.2000. Basic Genetics. Narosa Publishing House , New Delhi.
Note for paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each Unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
BT -209
L T
3 1
Theory : 100 Marks
Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Types of Organic Reaction : Substitution, Addition, Elimination, Rearrangement Reactions: Wanger – Meerwin rearrangement, Cope rearrangement, Hyper conjugation : concept & consequences.
2. IUPAC Nomenclature: Systematic IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes alkynes Cycloalkanes, aromatics bicyclic and polyfunctional organic compounds, bond line notation.
UNIT II
3. Hydrogen Bonding : Nature type, stability and its importance in organic compound nods, P۸D۸ bonding , ylids ( S&P) ,wittig reaction , biological methylating reagents. Tautomerism–concept, Ring chain tautomerism.,Ring chain isomerism, properties , reactions of keto enoltautomers , Epoxides: properties & nucleophillic ring opening of epoxides and crown ethers.
4. Stereo Chemistry : Classification of stereomers , diastereomers , separation of enantiomers,absolute configuration ( R & S) , projection formulae stereochemistry of compounds cantainingtwo asymmetric C-atoms stereochemistry of byphenyls, zeometrical isomerism - concept ,E & Znomenclature.
5. Carbonyl Compounds : Nature & structure of carbonyl group ,Relative reactivities of carbonyl compounds , hydration & addition of alcohol to aldehydes and ketone , Addition of ammonia & ammonia rivatives to aldehydes & ketones , wolf – kishner reduction & its mechanism, aldol condensation, claisen , condensation reformatsky reaction & perkin reaction.
6. Acid Derivatives: Acid catalysed & base catalysed hydrolysis of esters & acid amides amono- lyses & alcohol lysis of esters.
UNIT III
7. Polymers : Classification of polymers functionality , chain growth and step growth polymers, co-ordination polymerization, epoxy resins, urea formaldehyde resins, Natural rubber & its vulcanizations, elastomers.
8. Reducing Agents : There applications in Organic Chemistry with special emphasis on LiAlH4, NaBH4, Pt / Ni / H2, METAL / NH3,Solution,Diimide,Hydroboration Tri –n- butyl tin hydride.
9. Peptide Bond Synthesis : Protection of N-terminal & C- terminal of amino acids, formation of peptide bonds , solid phase peptide synthesis.
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS.
1. Organic Chemistry by I. L. FINAR
2. Modern Organic Chemistry by D.R.Boyed.
3. Organic chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice.
4. Principle of organic synthesis by Richard Norman & James M Coxon.
5. Reaction Mechanism by O.P. Aggarwal.
Note for Paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
BT-211
L T Theory :100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Genes : Structure of DNA , DNA as the genetic material , Supercoiling and periodicity of DNA , Mutations in DNA , Nature of multiple alleles , CIS – acting and Trans-acting Molecules, Euchromatin & hetrochromatin, Nucleosomes, DNA amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction .
2. From Genes To Genomes : Gene mapping , Exons & introns Repetitive & nonrepetitive DNA ,C-value paradox .
3. DNA Replication : Origin of DNA replication, the bacterial genome as single circular replicon, connecting bacterial replication to cell cycle, Eukaryotic chromosome, DNA polymerases Mechanism of DNA replication and its regulation , Excision repair and SOS response.
4. Protein Synthesis : Structure of t-RNA, Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis, Genetic code,Wobble,s hypothesis, initiation, elongation and termination of protein Synthesis Regulation of translation in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.Post translational modifications of proteins.
5. Protein Localization : Molecular chaperones.
UNIT II
6. Gene expression in Prokaryotes :
a) Transcription : t RNA as adapter , turn over of messenger RNA, 5, end Capping & 3, polyadenylation of m RNA , RNA polymerase ,Role of sigma factor,Promoter recognition, initiation ,elongation & termination of transcription.
b) The Operon : Positive & negative control of transcription , Represser – inducer complex , Catabolite repression Attenuation .
7. Gene Expression in Eukaryotes :
a) Initiation of Transcription : Eukaryotic RNA polymerases , down stream & up stream promoters, foot printing Exp., Factors of Transcription , enhancers interaction of upstream factors with basal apparatus .Transcription in mitochondria & chloroplast
b) Regulation of Transcription : DNA binding domains, zinc finger motif , helixloop helix, leucine zipers , Homeodomains Demethylation .
UNIT III
8. Nuclear Splicing : Lariat formation, Sn RNA s , cis splicing and trans splicing reaction, processed pseudogenes , catalytic RNA.
9. Transposons , Ritroviruses and retroposons , life cycle of phages.
10. Cell Cycle and Growth Regulation : Different stages of cell cycle, Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanisms, Apoptosis .
11. Signal Transduction : Second messenger , Concept of G- proteins , Regulation of genome activity during development.
TEXT / REFFERENCE BOOKS .
1. Genes VII , Benjamin Lewin , Oxford University Press.
2. Genomes ,T.A.Brown , John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd .
3. Molecular biology of Cell , Bruce Alberts, James D.Watson ,Garland Publising , 4th Edition..
4. MolecularCell Biology,H.Lodish and Baltimore,W.H.Freeman &Co.4th edition 2000.
5. Cell & Molecular Biology. E.D.P. Robertis ,8th ed.
6. Essential of Molecular Biology: Malacinski, ,Freifelder Jones, Bartlet Publisher 3RD ed.
7. Cell & Molecular biology, Concepts & experiments Gerald Karp , John Wiley & Sons.
8. The cell – a molecular approach ,Cooper , A.S.M.Press.
Note for Paper setter:
Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LAB
BT- 213
L T P Practical V/V 50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional: 50 Marks
Total : 100 Marks
Time : 3 HRS.
1. Microscopy: Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, Fixation, Cryofixation , Microtomy,Histology of various organ systems ( Nervous , Digestion , Reproductive , Respiratory and Circulatory system).Mitochondrial staining and enzyme localization (Histochemistry & Immuno-histochemistry).
2. Cell division in onion root tip / insect gonads.
3. Isoenzymes patterns (LDH etc) (starch gel electrophoresis).
4. Isolation of DNA and study of its denaturation spectrophotometrically and viscometrically.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Principles and techniques of Practical Biochemistry : K. Wilson & J. Walker ( 1994),
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
.
2. Introductory Practicle Biochemistry by S.K Shawnee & Randhir Singh (2000), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
3. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer (1988), McGraw –Hill,Book Company, U.K.
NOTE. :
A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
MICRO BIOLOGY LAB
BT- 215
L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 100 Marks
Time : 3 HRS.
1. Microscopy: Use of microscopes, microscopic examination of microorganisms.
2. Micrometry: Microscopic measurement of microorganisms.
3. Staining methods.
4. Preparation of culture media.
5. Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from different sources.
6. Pure culture techniques – Streak plate, Pour plate, Spread plate
7. Measurements of growth and study of effect of various factors on growth of Microorganisms temp. , pH, salt concentration, U.V. & R.H.
8. Biochemical tests useful in bacterial taxonomy.
9. Water microbiology – BOD, multiple tube fermentation tests.
10. Milk Microbiology –SPC, testing the quality of milk.
TEXT / REFERENCES BOOKS
1. Experiment in Microbiology, Plant pathology,Tissue Culture & Mushroom production
technology: Aneja K.R, .2001, 3RD Edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Microbiology –A Lab manual, Cappuccino J. & Sheeman N, 2000, 4th Edition, Addison
Wesley California .
NOTE. :
A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by
college according to facilities available here.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB
BT 217
L T P Practical V/V :50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 100 Marks
Time : 3 HRS.
1. Isolation of genomic DNA fron eukaryotic cells.
2. Isolation of RNA from eukaryotic cells.
3. Isolation of proteins from eukaryotic cells
4. Isolation of genomic DNA from prokaryotic cells.
5. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from prokaryotic cell.
6. Restriction mapping of plasmid DNA: This exp. Involves single & double digestion of the Plasmid with restriction enzyme.
7. Gel Electrophoretic separation of DNA & Molecular wt. determination
8. Gel electrophoractic separation of RNA.
9. Gel electrophoratic separation of protein.
10 Transblot analysis of DNA.
11. Gel extraction of DNA.
12. P.C.R. amplification of DNA : Visualisation by gel electrophoresis.
NOTE. : A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.
3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
BT- 219
L T P Practical V/V : 25 Marks
- - 2 Sessional : 25 Marks
Total : 50 Marks
Time : 3 HRS.
1. Derivitizations of polysugars such as agarose with Cyanogens bromide for binding with protein.
2. Derivitization of polystyrene to generate carboxyl groups.
3. Derivitization of polystyrene to generate Amino groups.
4. Derivitization of polystrene to generate aldehyde groups.
5. Derivitization of polysugars to generate aldehyde group & establish covalent linkage of protein through amino & carboxyl groups.
6. Sialinization of solid phases such as polyester, glass polystyrene to provide amino groups.
7. Covalent linkage of Proteins to solid phase through carbodiiamide reaction.
8. Estimation of reactive groups such as amino, aldehyde and carboxyl group on solid phase.
NOTE. :
A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may
be modified by college according to facilities available here.
M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION
2ND YEAR B. TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER IV
EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2006-07
|S.No |Course No. |Subject |Teaching Schedule |Examination Schedule |Duration of exam |
| | | | | | |
| | | |L T P/D Total |Th. Sess P/VV Total | |
|1. |BT –202 |Recombinant DNA |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|2. |BT – 204 |Immunology |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|3. |BT – 206 |Bio-analytical Techniques |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
|4. |BT – 208 |Industrial Microbiology & Enz|3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
| | |Tech. | | | |
|5. |BT – 210 |Thermodynamics of |3 1 - 4 |100 50 - 150 |3 |
| | |Bioprocesses | | | |
|6. |BT-212 |Diagnostic Tech. |3 1 4 |100 50 150 | |
|7. |BT – 214 |Recombinant |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
| | |DNA lab | | | |
|8 |BT– 216 |Immunology & Diagnostic Tech |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
| | |lab | | | |
|9. |BT – 218 |Industrial Microbiology lab |- - 3 3 |- 50 50 100 |3 |
|10. |BT – 220 |Bio analytical technique lab |- - 2 2 |- 25 25 50 |2 |
| | |Total |18 6 11 35 |600 445 205 1250 | |
Note 1. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
Recombinant DNA Technology
BT – 202
L T P Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 - Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Duration of Exam: 3 Hours
UNIT I
Genetic Engineering: Introduction, scope, milestones and guidelines.
Tools of Recombinant DNA: Restriction endonucleases, modification enzymes and markers, hybridization.
DNA amplification: Polmerase chain reaction, alternative techniques, applications and nucleotide sequencing of DNA.
UNIT II
Gene cloning: Construction of Gene libraries, cloning vectors, gene probes, screening applications, analysis of gene expression, site directed Mutagenesis, microarrays and DNA chips.
Gene Expression: Vector and host engineering, expression in bacteria, yeasts, mammalian cells and plants.
UNIT III
Gene Regulation: DNA transfection, blotting techniques, processing of recombiant proteins, transposon and tragging.
Gene Therapy: Stratergies of gene delivery, gene replacement, gene augmentation, gene correction, gene editing and gene regulation, gene silencing.
Text / Reference Books
1. Recombinant DNA. By James D Watson and Michael Gilman. 2nd Edition, (2001). W. H Freeman and Company NY.
2. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles Application of Recombinant DNA by Bernard R Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition. ASM press Washington DC.
3. Genetic Engineering by Kavita B Alhuwalia, New Age International (P) Ltd.
4. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering by Desmond S.T. Nicholl, Cambridge University Press.
5. Genetic Engineering: An introduction to Gene analysis and exploitation in eukaryotes by Kingsman and Kingsman.
6. DNA cloning: A Practical Approach by Glover and Hames
Note: Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
IMMUNOLOGY
BT- 204
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Basic Immunology : Types of immunity: innate and acquired: cells and organs of immune system B-Lymphocytes and T- Lymphocytes, Primary and secondary lymphoid organs, humoral and cell mediated immune response.
2. Immune System : Antigens, immunoglobulins : structure and function, antigenic determinants : Isotype, allotype & idiotype; Monoclonal Ab , Hybridoma techonology Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes, Generation of Ab. Diversity, class switching , and Ab. Engg.
UNIT II
3. Generation of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses : Major histocompatibility complex , Peptide binding by class I and class II molecules , Ag. Processing presentation, T-Cell receptor ,T-cell maturation , activation & differtiation , Positive & negative selection, signalling pathways.
4. Immunological Techniques : ELISA , Radio immunoassay , immuno-precipitin reactions.
UNIT III
5. Immune Effector Responses : Cytokines properties , The complement system, Role of T- helper cells in cytokine production , cell mediated effector responses .
6. Immune system in Health & Disease : Hypersensitive reaction, auto immunity, and immune response to infectious disease, tumor immunity, tissue and organ transplant , vaccines & peptide vaccines.
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kuby,s Immunology 4th edition ) R.A. Goldsby ,T. J. Kindt, B.A. Osborne, W.H.Freeman & company, New.York.
2. Essential Immunology ( 10th edition ), Ivon Roitt, Peter Delves, Blackswell, Scientific Publications. Oxford.
3. Fundanental of immunology . Paul W.E.( Eds) Raven press ,New York.
4. Immunology by Presscot .
Note for paper setter : Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
BIO ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
BT 206
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
UNIT I
1. Microscopy : Light , electron ( scanning & transmission ), phase contrast , flurosence microscopy, freeze – fracture techniques , specific staning of organelles or marker enzymes.
2. Ultracentrifugation : Sedimentation of macromolecules, centrifugation techniques and their applications , differential centrifugation , zonal, density gradient and ultracentrifugation techniques.
UNIT II
3 Electrophoresis : Paper and Gel electrophoresis Immuno electrophoresis, enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,Isoelectric focusing, two- dimentisional electrophoresis,capillary Electrophoresis.
4. Chromatography : Paper , TLC , Adsorption, partition, ion-exchange , reverse phase , gel filtration, affinity ,gas chromatography ,High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ( HPLC)
UNIT III
5. Spectrophotometry : Basic concepts and brief description of application of U.V./ Visible, IR, NMR, ESR , Fluorescence , Raman , Mass spectroscopy ,X-ray diffraction ( diffraction by Fibrous proteins, globular proteins and molecular crystals), CD and ORD.
6. Radioisotope Techniques ..Nature of radioactivity ,properties of α , β and γ rays, measurement of radioactivity, use of radioisotopes in research, in vivo and in vitro leveling techniques,double labelling , instruments for monitoring radioactivity , quenching , internal standard channel ratio, external standard ratio, emulsion counting radioactive decay, auto radiography,radioimmunoassay.
TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Biological Spectroscopy: Campbell and Durek.
2. Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition by D.Friefelder, W.H.Freeman and company
U.S.A.
3. Introduction to instrumental analysis : Robert. D. Braun (1987). McGraw Hill International Edition, Chemistry Series.
4. Analytical Chemistry for technicians : John kenkel (1994), Lewis Publishers.Boca Raton
5. Principles and techniques of Practical Biochemistry: K.Wilson and J.Walker (1994), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
.6. BophysicalChemistry: Principle and Techniques,2nd eddition by A.Upadhyay, K.Upadhyay and N.Nath.(1998).Himalya Publication House.Delhi.
7. Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition by K.E.Vanholde (1985), Prentice Hall Inc.,New Jersey.
Note for paper setter :
Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
BT – 208
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total :150Marks
Time :3 hrs.
UNIT I
Introduction , Objectives & Scope.
Principle, range & component of fermentation processes . Types of fermentation, Purification of fermentation products.
Sources, isolation, Screening, Preservation & maintenance of industrially important microbes: Improvement of industrially important microorganisms, selection of mutants, use of r DNA technology.
UNIT II
Process technology for the production of various products : Primary metabolites ( ethanol, acetone , butanol , citric acid , vinegar dextran ), production of alcoholic beverages ( wine & beer ).Microbial production of industrial enzymes – cellulose, amylase, protease. Production of secondary metabolites – Antibiotics,( e.g. Pencillin , Streptomysin and tetracycline), production of vaccines important bio pesticides ( B.T. Toxin , kasugamycin . Beauverin , Devine & Collego) & microbial protein ( Quorn), Biofuels and biofertilisers .
UNIT III
Enzymes : Nomenclature & Classification of enzyme . Mechanism of enzyme action , acid base catalysis, covalent catalysis proximity and orientation effects, Mechanism of action of selected enzyme, chymotrypsin, lysozyme and ribonuclease , purification of enzymes . Immobilized enzymes . Stability of enzymes: enzyme stabilization by selection & genetic Engg. Protein Engg.Application of enzyme in industry, analytical purposes and medical therapy . site directed mutagenesis .
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS.
1. Industrial Microbiology : L.E.Casida Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1989.
2. Industrial Microbiology : Prescott & Dunn . CBS. Publishers ,1987.
3. BioTechnology : A hand book of Industrial Microbiology : W.Crueger & A. Crueger.
4. Enzymes : Bio Chemistry , Bio Technology & clinical chemistry by T. Palmer, R.Wood publishers.
5. Process Engg. In Bio Technology by Jackson, Prantice Hall.
Note for paper setter :
Eight question will be set in the question paper. Two from unit 1 & three each from unit II & III. Candidates will be required to attempt five question, selecting at least one from each unit.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech (Bio – Tech )
THERMODYNAMICS OF BIO PROCESS
BT 210
L T Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
1. First and second law of Thermodynamics ,activity coefficients and phase equilibrium, Biological systems as open , non-equilibrium systems, failure of classical ( closed equilibrium).
2. Thermodynamics in describing Biological processes , Thermodynamics concept for irreversible Biological processes , concept of flux & force .
3. Concept of entropy production , constitutive equations, Onsager reciprocal relations , Prigogine,s principle , concept of coupling in Biological Processes .
4. Thermodynamics of coupled Biochemical reaction , cells as non equilibrium, Thermo of passive and active transport , Prigogine – Curie law , Thermoanalysis of oxidative phosphorylation , stability of non equilibrium stationery states , ordering in time and space far from equilibrium, glyolytic oscillations , Biological clocks , routes to chaos.
TEXT / REFFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Kinetics & Thermodynamics in Biochemistry : Bray & White .
2. Biophysical Chemistry Vol. I : Edsall & Wyman .
3. Non equilibrium Thermodynamics in Biophysics : Katchalasky & Curran .
4. Physical Biochemistry : Van Holde .
4th SEMESTER B.Tech (Bio – Tech )
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
BT 212
L T P Theory : 100 Marks
3 1 - Sessional : 50 Marks
Total :150 Marks
Duration of Exam: 3 Hours
Unit-I
Introduction: Comparison of the methods to diagnose bacterial & parasitic infections.
Immunological Diagnostic Procedures:
Basic considerations: Antigen-antibody reactions. Signal amplification systems. Isolation and characterization of antibodies. Immuno assay systems. Assay development, evaluation and validation. Reagent formulation and their shelf life evaluation.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) system: Applications in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases.
Membrane based Rapid Immuno assays.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Formation and selection of Hybrid cells. Screening for specific antibodies producing Hybrid cell lines.
Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies: Detection of Polypeptide hormones, Tumor Markers and Cytokines. Diagnosis of infectious diseases and Drug monitoring. Detection of Miscellaneous targets e.g. Thyroxin, Vit B12, Ferritin
Degradation products, Tau Protein etc.
Unit-II
DNA Diagnostic Systems:
Nucleic acid hybridization assay systems: Basic considerations. Production of various types of hybridization probes. Diagnosis of Plasmodium faliciparum, Mycobactrium tuberclosis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Sickle cell by DNA hybridization.
Non-radioactive Hybridization procedures: Use of Chromogenic or chemiluminesent substrates and specific enzymes for detecting signal amplification.
DNA Finger Printing and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as Diagnostic tools.
Unit-III
Molecular diagnosis of Genetic Diseases: Significance In Prenatal diagnosis, diagnosis before onset of symptoms and identification of carriers of hereditary disorders.
PCR / OLA Procedures: Diagnosis of inheriditary diseases caused by mutations not affecting restriction endonuclease sites.
Genotyping with Fluorescence labeled PCR primers.
Detection of mutations at different sites within one gene.
Text / Reference Books
1. Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology by Lissa Anne Shimeld.
2. Diagnostic Microbiology by Balley and Scott
3. Recombinant DNA. By James D Watson and Michael Gilman 2nd Edition, (2001) W. H Freeman and Company NY.
4. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles Application of Recombinant DNA by Bernard R Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition ASM press Washington DC.
5. Methodology of immunochemical and immuno-logical research by Kwapinski-Willey inter science.
6. A handbook of practical immunology by G.P Talwar. Vikas Publishing house Pvt Ltd.
Note: Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LAB
BT – 214
L T P Practical : 50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 100 Marks
Duration Time: 3 Hours
1. Isolation of plasmid DNA
2 Isolation of genomic DNA.
3 Construction of RE map of plasmid DNA.
4 Restriction endonuclease digestion of Vector M13 mp11 RF DNA
5 Dephosphorylation of RE enzyme digestion vector M13 mp11 RF DNA
6 Construction of Recombinant DNA
7. Transformation of E. coli cells with r DNA
8. Verification of cloned DNA
9. Induction of expression
10. Verification of protein expression
Reference:
Molecular Cloning – a laboratory manual 3rd Edition Vol. 1-3 (2001) J. Sambrook and D.W. Russell, Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, New York
Note: A college must offer 70% of the above listed experiments. The remaining 30% experiments may be modified by college according to facilities available.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
IMMUNOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC LAB
BT – 216
L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 100 Marks
Time : 3 hrs.
1. Routine technique in handling laboratory animals :Feeding , cleaning & bleeding procedures for Mice & Rabbit .
2. Surgical Removal of lymphatic organs from mice .
3. Preparation and administration of Antigens following immunization protocols.
4. To bleed rabbits for the generation of Antigens.
5. Isolation of immunoglobulins .
6. Isolation & purification of lymphocytes from mouse .
7. To establish mitotic stimulation with lectins such as PHA and cancavalin A.
8. To perform the technique of ELISA
9. Perform the characterization of Immunoglobulin class by ELISA
10. To learn the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA as diagnostic tool.
11 To detect the site directed Mutagenesis within one gene.
12. To perform hybridization assay systems
13. Immunoblots
14. Point of Care-Membrane Based assays
-Dipstick based assays
-Immunofilteration
-Lateral flow assays
15. DNA primer probe selection – Use commercially available probes to amplify gene fragment in clinical samples.
16. To calculate LC 50 / LD 50 for a Toxicant .
17. To analysis and graphically represent Statistical Data.
Reference:
Antibodies: A laboratory manual (1988) Ed Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harber laboratory Press.
Note: A college must offer 70% of the above listed experiments. The remaining 30% experiments may be modified by college according to facilities available.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB
BT- 218
L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks
- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks
Time : 3Hrs.
1. Sterilization Techniques ( Media , Air , Water ).
2. Construction of various fermenters (Bioreacters ).
3. Identification of industrially important microorganism e.g.molds ,yeasts & bacteria.
4 Production of various products in the lab.- Alcohol, wine , cellulase, protease & bread.
.
5. Isolation of antibiotic producing microorganism from the soil.
6. Penicillin production & testing of antimicrobial activity.
7. Isolation of streptomysin – resistant mutants by replica plating method .
8. Isolation of U.V. Induced auxotrophic mutants.
9. Testing of microbial enzyme activity in the lab.
10. Determination of cell growth .
TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS.
1. Fermentations & Biochemical Hand Book , ( 1983) Principles , Process design and
equipments. H.C.Vogel, Noyes.
2. Exp. In Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Biotechnology: Aneja K.R.,2003 4th edition New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Microbiology lab. Manual : Cappuccino J.& Sheeman N.,2004, 4th Edition & Addison Wesley,California.
4. Manual of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology : 2nd Edition, 1999, by Denain Daeivs J.E.,ASM Press.
NOTE. :
A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.
4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)
BIO ANALYTICAL TECH LAB
BT – 220
L T P Practical V/V : 25 Marks
- - 2 Sessional : 25 Marks
Total : 50 Marks
Time : 2 hrs.
1. Verification of Beer Lambert Law.
2. Seperation of amino acids / sugars by paper chromatography.
3. Extraction of lipids from tissues and there separations using TLC.
4. Partial purification of an enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation, Ion exchange & gel filtration chromatography of proteins.
5. Determination of molecular weight of an enzyme by gel filtration.
6. Seperation of proteins by SDS-PAGE .
7. Disc Gel electrophoretic separation of isoenzymes .
8. ELISA
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Principles & techniques of Practical Biochemistry : K.Wilson & J.Walker (1994), Cambridge niversity Press, Cambridge.
2. Introductory Practical Biochemistry by S.K.Sawhney & Randhir Singh(2000) Narosa Publising House New.Delhi.
3. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T.Plummer (1988),McGraw Hill, Book Comany. U.K.
NOTE. :
A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.
M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION
3RD YEAR B.TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER VTH
EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2007-08
| | |Teaching Schedule |Marks of |Examination |Total |Duration |
|Course No. |Course Title | | |Scheme |Marks |Of |
| | |L T P Total |Sessional | | |Exam |
| | | | |Theory Pract. | | |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-301 |Bioreactor analysis & Design |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| |Bioprocess Engineering | | | | | |
|BT-303 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| |Downstream Processing | | | | | |
|BT-305 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| |Microbial Biotech. | | | | | |
|BT-307 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| |Enzyme Biotech. | | | | | |
|BT-309 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| |Biostatistics & applications | | | | | |
|BT-311 |of computer in Biotech |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| |Fermentation & Downstream | | | | | |
| |Proc. Lab. | | | | | |
|BT-313 | | | | | | |
| |Microbial Biotech. |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
|BT-315 | | | | | | |
| |Enzyme Biotech. |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-317 |Biostat & Application of |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
| |Computer Lab. | | | | | |
|BT-319 | |- |- |2 |2 |25 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-302 |Plant Biotechnology |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-304 |Animal |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| |Biotechnology | | | | | |
|BT-306 |Environmental Biotechnology |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| |Food Biotechnology | | | | | |
|BT-308 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| |Bioethics & Biosafety | | | | | |
|BT-310 | |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| |Intellectual Property Right in Biotech.| | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-312 |Plant Biotech. Lab |3 |1 |- |4 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-314 |Food Biotechnology Lab |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
| |Environmental Biotechnology Lab | | | | | |
|BT-316 | | | | | | |
| |Animal Biotech. |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
| |Lab. | | | | | |
|BT-318 | | | | | | |
| | |- |- |3 |3 |50 |
| | | | | | | |
|BT-320 | | | | | | |
| | |- |- |2 |2 |25 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| |
|BT-401 |
| |
| |
|BT-403 |
| |
| |
|BT-405 |
| |
|BT-407 |
| |
|BT-409 |
| |
|BT-411 |
| |
| |
|BT-413 |
| |
| |
|BT-415 |
| |
|BT-417 |
| |
|BT- 419 |
1. BT-402 Industrial 8 hours per day 250 300 550
Project Training for 7 months
Procedure for Annual Exam and continuous Assessment of
A) Annual Exams Marks
1. Project Evaluation 50 Marks
2. Project Seminar 50 Marks
3. Project Viva 150 marks
B) Continuous Assessment Marks
1. Assessment by Institute faculty 100 Marks
2. Assessment by Industrial Guide 150Marks
3. Conduct Marks 50 marks
Total 550 Marks
Practical training Report, Seminar and Viva Voce
Note: After completion of B.Tech seventh semester, the students will under go for one semester practical training in any recognized industry/ institution. This training will be held in eighth semester in continuation with winter vacation succeeding the seventh semester. The actual duration of training will depend on the nature and the size of the project allotted to the student. However, the total duration of training should not be less than four and half months. After completion of training, each student will submit the consolidated report dully approved by the training authority. A board of examiners consisting of one internal and one external will conduct the viva voce examination and evaluation of the report.
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