Html tags and attributes with examples pdf

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Html tags and attributes with examples pdf

We have seen few HTML tags and their usage like heading tags , , paragraph tag and other tags. We used them so far in their simplest form, but most of the HTML tags can also have attributes, which are extra bits of information. An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an HTML element and is placed inside the element's opening tag. All attributes are made up of two parts - a name and a value The name is the property you want to set. For example, the paragraph element in the example carries an attribute whose name is align, which you can use to indicate the alignment of paragraph on the page. The value is what you want the value of the property to be set and always put within quotations. The below example shows three possible values of align attribute: left, center and right. Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation. Example Align Attribute Example This is left aligned This is center aligned This is right aligned This will display the following result - Core Attributes The four core attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML elements (although not all) are - The Id Attribute The id attribute of an HTML tag can be used to uniquely identify any element within an HTML page. There are two primary reasons that you might want to use an id attribute on an element - If an element carries an id attribute as a unique identifier, it is possible to identify just that element and its content. If you have two elements of the same name within a Web page (or style sheet), you can use the id attribute to distinguish between elements that have the same name. We will discuss style sheet in separate tutorial. For now, let's use the id attribute to distinguish between two paragraph elements as shown below. Example This para explains what is HTML This para explains what is Cascading Style Sheet The title Attribute The title attribute gives a suggested title for the element. They syntax for the title attribute is similar as explained for id attribute - The behavior of this attribute will depend upon the element that carries it, although it is often displayed as a tooltip when cursor comes over the element or while the element is loading. Example The title Attribute Example Titled Heading Tag Example This will produce the following result - Now try to bring your cursor over "Titled Heading Tag Example" and you will see that whatever title you used in your code is coming out as a tooltip of the cursor. The class Attribute The class attribute is used to associate an element with a style sheet, and specifies the class of element. You will learn more about the use of the class attribute when you will learn Cascading Style Sheet (CSS). So for now you can avoid it. The value of the attribute may also be a space-separated list of class names. For example - class = "className1 className2 className3" The style Attribute The style attribute allows you to specify Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) rules within the element. The style Attribute Some text... This will produce the following result - At this point of time, we are not learning CSS, so just let's proceed without bothering much about CSS. Here, you need to understand what are HTML attributes and how they can be used while formatting content. Internationalization Attributes There are three internationalization attributes, which are available for most (although not all) XHTML elements. The dir Attribute The dir attribute allows you to indicate to the browser about the direction in which the text should flow. The dir attribute can take one of two values, as you can see in the table that follows - Value Meaning ltr Left to right (the default value) rtl Right to left (for languages such as Hebrew or Arabic that are read right to left) Example Display Directions This is how IE 5 renders right-to-left directed text. This will produce the following result - When dir attribute is used within the tag, it determines how text will be presented within the entire document. When used within another tag, it controls the text's direction for just the content of that tag. The lang Attribute The lang attribute allows you to indicate the main language used in a document, but this attribute was kept in HTML only for backwards compatibility with earlier versions of HTML. This attribute has been replaced by the xml:lang attribute in new XHTML documents. The values of the lang attribute are ISO-639 standard two-character language codes. Check HTML Language Codes: ISO 639 for a complete list of language codes. Example English Language Page This page is using English Language This will produce the following result - The xml:lang Attribute The xml:lang attribute is the XHTML replacement for the lang attribute. The value of the xml:lang attribute should be an ISO-639 country code as mentioned in previous section. Generic Attributes Here's a table of some other attributes that are readily usable with many of the HTML tags. Attribute Options Function align right, left, center Horizontally aligns tags valign top, middle, bottom Vertically aligns tags within an HTML element. bgcolor numeric, hexidecimal, RGB values Places a background color behind an element background URL Places a background image behind an element id User Defined Names an element for use with Cascading Style Sheets. class User Defined Classifies an element for use with Cascading Style Sheets. width Numeric Value Specifies the width of tables, images, or table cells. height Numeric Value Specifies the height of tables, images, or table cells. title User Defined "Pop-up" title of the elements. We will see related examples as we will proceed to study other HTML tags. For a complete list of HTML Tags and related attributes please check reference to HTML Tags List. HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements. All HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about elements Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value" The href Attribute The tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to: Visit W3Schools Try it Yourself ? You will learn more about links in our HTML Links chapter. The src Attribute The tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path to the image to be displayed: Try it Yourself ? There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute: 1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website. Example: src=" . Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images; it can suddenly be removed or changed. 2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg". Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change domain. The width and height Attributes The tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specifies the width and height of the image (in pixels): Try it Yourself ? The alt Attribute The required alt attribute for the tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader. Try it Yourself ? See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist: Try it Yourself ? You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter. The style Attribute The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more. This is a red paragraph. Try it Yourself ? You will learn more about styles in our HTML Styles chapter. The lang Attribute You should always include the lang attribute inside the tag, to declare the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers. The following example specifies English as the language: ... Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define the country. The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country: ... You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference. The title Attribute The title attribute defines some extra information about an element. The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the element: This is a paragraph. Try it Yourself ? We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase Attributes The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names. The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or lowercase like title or TITLE. However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML, and demands lowercase attributes for stricter document types like XHTML. At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names. We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute Values The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values. However, W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document types like XHTML.

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