Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community Community ... - IFRC

Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community

Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Study

ARUP International Development ? September 2011

Saving lives, changing minds.

? International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, 2012

Copies of all or part of this study may be made for noncommercial use, providing the source is acknowledged The IFRC would appreciate receiving details of its use. Requests for commercial reproduction should be directed to the IFRC at secretariat@.

The opinions and recommendations expressed in this study do not necessarily represent the official policy of the IFRC or of individual National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. The designations and maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities. All photos used in this study are copyright of the IFRC unless otherwise indicated. Cover photo: Japanese Red Cross.

P.O. Box 372 CH-1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 4222 Telefax: +41 22 733 0395 E-mail: secretariat@ Web site:

Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community 1224200 E 05/2012

Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Study Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community

Contents

Page

Acknowledgments

i

Executive Summary

ii

1

Introduction

2

2

Research Methodology

4

2.1

Literature Review

5

2.2

Fieldwork

6

3

Findings: Literature Review

10

3.1

Overview

10

3.2

Factors contributing to safe and resilient communities

12

3.3

A `long list' of Characteristics

14

4

Findings: Fieldwork

17

4.1

External Resources and Relationships

17

4.2

Shocks and Stresses

20

4.3

Factors contributing to safe and resilient communities

23

4.4

Reliance on others

28

4.5

Changes to factors contributing to safe and resilient

communities

28

5

Analysis

38

5.1

What are the characteristics of a safe and resilient

community?

38

5.2

What is the impact of CBDRR programmes?

49

6

Conclusion and Recommendations

58

6.1

Characteristics of a safe and resilient community

58

6.2

Impact of CBDRR programmes

58

6.3

Recommendations

59

7

References

61

Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Study Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community

Tables Table 1: Key documents included in literature review ........................................... 5 Table 2: CBDRR programmes in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and the Maldives. ................................................................................................................. 6 Table 3: Communities included in the fieldwork.................................................... 7 Table 4: Summary of fieldwork findings: How have the factors that make your community safe and resilient changed over time? ................................................ 30 Table 5: Literature review and fieldwork factors associated with human assets. . 39 Table 6: Literature review and fieldwork factors associated with social assets. .. 41 Table 7: Literature review and fieldwork factors associated with access to external resources................................................................................................................ 43 Table 8: Literature review and fieldwork factors relating to physical assets........ 45 Table 9: Literature review and fieldwork factors relating to access to economic assets ..................................................................................................................... 47 Table 10: Literature review and fieldwork factors relating to environmental assets ............................................................................................................................... 48 Figures Figure 1 Diagrammatic representation of interrelationship between outputs ....... iii Figure 2 The six characteristics of a safe and resilient community. .................... iv Figure 3: Simplified representation of research methodology ................................ 4 Figure 4 Concepts arising from literature review ................................................ 11 Figure 5 CBDRR programmes contribute to a safe and resilient community ..... 12 Figure 6 Conceptual framework for Community Resilience. ............................... 13 Figure 7: Diversity of Communities ..................................................................... 17 Figure 8 Government Structures from a national to sub-community level.......... 18 Figure 9 Community group tasked with disaster management. ........................... 19 Figure 10 Top 3 shocks and stresses identified across the four countries (13 communities in Indonesia, 9 in Sri Lanka, 4 in the Maldives and Thailand) ....... 21 Figure 11 Distillation and grouping of factors ..................................................... 23 Figure 12 Example of Exercise 2: `What makes your community safe and resilient?'............................................................................................................... 24 Figure 13 Responsibility for factors contributing to community safety and resilience. .............................................................................................................. 28 Figure 14 Number of factors identified in the communities for each characteristic ............................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 15: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 51 Figure 16: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 52 Figure 17: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 53 Figure 18: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 54 Figure 19: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 55 Figure 20: Graphic representation of change in strength. ..................................... 56 Figure 21 The six characteristics of a safe and resilient community. ................. 60

Appendices

Appendix A Process Documentation

Appendix B Supporting Documentation

Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Study Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community

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