PHR Exam Prep: Professional in Human Resources

PHR

Third Edition

Cathy Winterfield

PHR Exam Prep, Third Edition

Copyright ? 2016 by Pearson Certification

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ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5612-1

ISBN-10: 0-7897-5612-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 2015939395

Printed in the United States on America

First Printing: August 2015

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Contents at a Glance

Introduction

Chapter 1 Business Management and Strategy (BM & S)

Chapter 2 Workforce Planning and Employment

xvii

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57

Chapter 3 Human Resource Development

159

Chapter 4 Compensation and Benefits

223

Chapter 5 Employee and Labor Relations

291

Chapter 6 Risk Management

361

Practice Exam

407

Answers to Practice Exam

443

Glossary

471

Appendix A OSHA Forms for Recording Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

529

Appendix B OSHA Fact Sheet

541

Index

543

Table of Contents

Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Chapter 1:

Business Management and Strategy (BM & S).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The Evolving Role of HR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A Brief Historical Scan of HR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

HR As It Was, and HR As It Is (or Can Be).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

The HR Impact Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

The Dimensions of HR: The Three Legs of a Stool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). . . . . . . . 6

Environmental Scanning: An External Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The HR Professional as Internal Consultant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Organizational Structure and HR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

The ¡°Roots¡± of Organizational Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

The Functional Organizational Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Divisional Organizational Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Matrix Organizational Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other Organizational Design Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Organizational Life Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maslow¡¯s Hierarchy of Needs, 1954. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B.F. Skinner, Operant Conditioning, 1957.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frederick Herzberg, Motivation-Hygiene Theory, 1959.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Douglas McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y, 1960. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

David McClelland, Acquired Needs Theory, 1961. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

J. Stacy Adams, Equity Theory, 1963. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Victor Vroom¡ªExpectancy Theory, 1964. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HR¡¯s Role in Change Management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonmathematical Forecasting Techniques.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mathematical Forecasting Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Legislative Framework, Considerations, and Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How a Bill Becomes a Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Be Heard¡ªReach Out to Your Elected Officials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stay Informed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Strategic Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Strategic Planning: A Four-Phase Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Strategic Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leadership Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trait Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Behavioral Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Situational Leadership Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contingency Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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