IMater



Which of the following is the MOST effective way to avoid allowing an angry patient or family member to interfere with your patient care duties?Realize that the anger is not because of youIgnore the behavior and continue your dutiesBe stern with the patient or family memberCease all care until everyone calms downWhich of the following represents the LEAST healthy and well- balanced diet?Lean meats, fish, fat-free milk and yogurtWhole-grain cereal, vegetables and low fat milk6 ounces of pasta and 2.5 cups of a variety of vegetables1 cup of fruit, 3 ounces of salt and 1 cup of fat free milkThe MOST effective way to prevent exposure to infectious diseases is to:Follow standard precautions on all callsPlace a mask on all patients you treatEnsure that your immunizations are currentWash your hands thoroughly after each callAs an EMR, your MOST important consideration is:Accessing your patientEnsuring your own safetyProviding competent patient careAssisting paramedics at the sceneYou are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first?Survey the scene for potential safety hazardsAccess the patient and initiate the appropriate care Wait in your vehicle until law enforcement arrivesDetermine exactly how many patients are involvedIf you have any doubts about the safety of a scene, you should:Proceed to the scene with extreme cautionWait at a safe distance and request law enforcementCarefully assess the scene and report to law enforcementRefuse to respond from your station until the police arriveYou are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a shooting. Law enforcement personnel have secured the scene. The patient, who is critically injured and requires immediate care, is found in his living room. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene. You should:Provide the appropriate care while disturbing the scene as little as possibleMove all furniture and other objects out of the way to make adequate roomTake a mental picture of the scene and wait for the paramedic unit to arriveNot provide any patient care until authorized by a law enforcement officer During an incident that may involve electrical hazards, you should:recall that electricity is usually visiblehave law enforcement turn off the power sourcewear a helmet with a chin strap and a face shieldput on rubber gloves and turn the power source offWhich of the following concepts is the first and MOST important when providing patient care?Render proper treatmentMaintain your composureAbove all else do no harmProvide your care in good faithAn emergency medical responder has a legal duty to act:Even when outside of his or her response jurisdictionIf he or she encounters an emergency scene while on dutyOnly if he/she is not paid by a fire department or rescue squadWhile employed by an agency as an EMRTo comply with the standard of care, the EMR must:Treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstancesProvide prompt and competent care that is consistent with what is deemed appropriate by the paramedic in charge and that is clearly defined in the EMS system protocolsProvide the same prompt and competent care that an individual with a higher level of training would have provided under the same or similar circumstancesTreat the patient in a manner that is consistent with what is expected of the general public and that meets or exceeds the EMRs established scope of practiceThe scope of care under which the EMR functions is specified by the:National Registry of Emergency Medical TechniciansState Department of Public SafetyNational Association of Emergency Medical TechnicianEMS system medical directorWhich of the following statements regarding a patient’s consent to treatment is correct?Once a patient gives you consent, he or she cannot revoke itA patient must transported if he/she consents to treatmentPatients can give consent to treat only to an EMT or paramedicPatients may refuse treatment at anytime, even if treatment has begunAn advance directive is MOST accurately defined as a?Legal document that allows EMS providers to provide all necessary treatmentNotarized document that specifies who may and may not provide emergency care Legal document that indicates the care to be provided if the patient is incapacitatedDocument in which the patients family determines what care the patient is to receiveA DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to:Give oxygen to a patient with severe hypoxemiaBegin resuscitation unless the patient is in shockRender treatment to patients with a terminal illnessAttempt resuscitation in the event of a cardiac arrestIf you are presented with an advance directive that does not appear to be valid, you should:Initiate care that is appropriate for the patients conditionLook for a bracelet to determine whether the patient has a living willContact the patients attorney for guidance before providing careBegin care only after receiving approval from a licensed physicianWhen dispatched to an emergency call, you should:Not respond until you are sure of the locationCall the dispatcher by phone to confirm directionsGet in your response vehicle and proceed immediatelySend a “received call” message to the dispatcher via textYou are obtaining the vital signs of a 50 yr old man who is complaining of severe chest pain when he asks you if he is going to die. You should tell him that:His condition is probably not critical and that he will not dieYou don’t know, but you are providing the best care you canHe is having a heart attack and there is a chance that he could dieThe responding EMS unit will probably be able to answer his questionWhich of the following components is NOT required to prove negligence?Duty to actBreech of dutyResulting injuriesPatient refusal of careMaintenance of required certifications or registrations is the responsibility of the:Individual providerEmploying agencyState board of health EMS medical directorA paramedic unit requests that you respond to a call involving an injury to an elderly woman. Upon your arrival, you assess the patient and have reason to believe that she has been abused. A relative of the patient is present at the scene. You should:Ask the relative if the patient has been abused by the familyNotify law enforcement and have the family member arrestedAvoid divulging your suspicions unless you are asked about themReport your suspicions to the paramedics and document carefullyYou arrive at the scene of a patient who, according to neighbors is acting strange. Law enforcement personnel and a responding ambulance are en route but have not yet arrived. The patient, a middle aged man, is sitting in a chair on his front porch. He appears sick and has slurred speech. As you get out of your response vehicle, the man shouts, “I have a gun and will shoot anyone who comes near me!” You should:Retreat to a safe place and wait for law enforcement personnel to secure the sceneQuickly proceed to the patient and assess him for any life threatening conditionsTell the patient that you are there to help him and that he does not really want to shoot anyoneSlowly approach the patient and constantly reassure him that you are there to provide assistanceWhich of the following prefixes is used when referring to the heart?Cardio-Hyper-Hypo-Vaso-When referring to the blood, the prefix______is used.Hema-Angio-Cardio-Arterio-A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is:DistalMedialSuperiorProximalThe respiratory System functions by:Transporting oxygenated blood through out the bodyEliminating damaged blood cells from the bodyBringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxideEnsuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the bodys cellsThe structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the:epiglottisesophagusoropharynxnasopharynxAir is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm:Relaxes and moves upward in the chestContracts and moves downward in the chestRelaxes and moves downward in the chest Contracts and moves upward in the chestThe circulatory system is responsible for:Pumping blood through the bodyEnriching the blood with oxygenProducing oxygen carrying blood cellsProducing carbon dioxide in the bodyThe left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it: Receives a lot of blood from the aortaMust pump blood throughout the entire bodyReceives a large amount of blood from the bodyMust pump adequate amounts of blood to the lungsThe spine contains _______ vertebrae.26303336 The sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:Coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic and cervicalCervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyxThoracic, cervical, sacrum, lumbar and coccyxCervical, thoracic, sacrum, coccyx and lumbarThe main purpose of the respiratory system is to:Ensure the body receives a constant supply of carbon dioxideDeliver oxygenated blood to all of the tissues and organs in the bodyProvide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cellsConvert oxygen to carbon dioxide during the process of metabolismThe dome shaped muscle between the chest and abdomen is called the:DiaphragmIntercostal musclePectoralis muscleHypoglossal muscleThe purpose of the jaw thrust maneuver is to:Open the airway of an unconscious uninjured patientKeep the airway clear of foreign bodies or secretionsOpen a patients airway without manipulating the neckMaintain the airway of a conscious patient who was injuredIn which of the following situations should you perform the jaw thrust maneuver?29 yr old patient found semiconscious on her couch40 yr old unresponsive patient who fell from a ladder49 yr old conscious patient who was in a vehicle crash55 yr old semiconscious patient with low blood sugarThe purpose of the recovery position is to:Prevent secretions from entering the tracheaEnsure that the patient is breathing adequatelyFacilitate placement of an oral airway adjunct Protect an injured patients neck from further injuryYou should NOT insert a nasal airway in a patient:Who is semiconscious Who had a major strokeWith a possible head injuryYounger than 20 yearsGenerally speaking, the MOST common foreign object that causes an airway obstruction is:The tongueA blood clot Food or candyA small toyPatients who have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning may have false pulse oximetry readings because:Carbon monoxide poisoning causes low perfusionTheir red blood cells are not saturated with oxygenCarbon dioxide increases the oxygen content of bloodHigh levels of carbon dioxide are produced by carbon monoxideWhich of the following is NOT a component of the circulatory system?LungsHeartBloodBlood vessels The function of the right atrium is to:Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungsReceive blood from the veins of the bodyPump oxygenated blood through out the bodyReceive blood that is returning from the lungsThe left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it:Requires the least amount of oxygenMust force blood to all parts of the bodyReceives oxygenated blood from the lungsDoes not stretch as much as the other chambersBlood clotting is the responsibility of:Plasma PlateletsRed Blood CellsWhite blood cellsPlasma constitutes _____ of a patient’s total blood volume.20%45%55%70%In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate for the EMR to discontinue CPR?A registered nurse orders the EMR to stopPatient care is transferred to a bystanderThe EMR begins to experience mild fatigueSpontaneous ventilation and circulation returnWhen checking for a pulse in an adult patient, you should:Locate the brachial artery and feel for pulsationsBegin CPR if the pulse rate is less than 60 beats/minuteCheck for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 secondsFeel for the pulse on the inside of the upper part of the armYou are attempting to open the airway of an unresponsive injured man with the jaw-thrust maneuver but are unable to adequately open the airway. You should:Make repeated attempts to open the airway with the jaw-thrust Carefully perform the head tilt chin lift maneuver to open the airwayTurn the patient on his side and sweep his mouth out with your fingerAbandon attempts at opening the airway and begin chest compressionsIf an uninjured patient is unresponsive but breathing adequately, you should:Keep the patient supine with the head tilted slightly backPlace the patient on his or her back and apply a blanketProtect the patient’s spine by stabilizing his or her headPlace the patient in the recovery position and call EMSThe patient assessment sequence consists of all the following components, EXCEPT:Scene size upPrimary assessmentSecondary assessmentFamily medical historyWith assessment based care, treatment rendered to the patient is based on:Scene size up findingsThe patients symptomsPast medical history findingsThe patients current medicationsWhen you arrive at an emergency scene you should: Park your vehicle so that it helps secure the scene and minimize traffic blockageAssume that additional resources will be needed and summon them a soon as possibleImmediately exit your vehicle and quickly determine if additional resources are neededBegin directing traffic until law enforcement personnel arrive and assume the functionAs you approach an emergency scene, your priority should be to:Determine the number of critically injured patientsNotify the dispatcher of your scene size up findingsScan the area to determine the extent of his incidentQuickly gain access to the patient and begin treatmentUpon arriving at the scene of an incident and determining that there are multiple patients, you should:Begin immediate triage and care for all the patientsRequest additional resources before treating any patientsTriage all patients first and then call for additional resourcesCall for help if at least to two of the patients are critically injuredDuring the primary assessment, you should: Determine whether additional resources are neededDetermine whether the scene is safe for you to enterPerform a comprehensive examination of the patientIdentify and correct all life threatening conditionsWhen opening the airway of an unconscious injured patient, you should: Use the head tilt chin lift maneuverUse the jaw thrust maneuverGrasp the patients tongue and lower jaw and liftInsert an oral airway before manually moving the headWhich of the following is NOT a question that you would normally ask when obtaining a SAMPLE history?When did you last eat or drink anything?Are you taking any prescribed medications? What symptoms are you presently experiencing?Do any of your relatives have any medical problemsThe purpose of the secondary assessment is to:Rapidly identify and immediately correct any conditions that pose an imminent threat to the patients lifeDiagnose the patients condition and inform the incoming EMS unit of your physical examination findingsAssess for non-life threatening conditions after immediate life threats have been identified and corrected during the primary assessmentObtain the patients vital signs to determine whether his or her condition is deteriorating or improving over a specific period of timeCompared to a symptom, a sign is something that:The patient reports to youIs not directly observableYou can observe in a patientUsually takes time to developWhen a light is shone into a patient’s pupil, the pupil should:DilateEnlargeConstrictRemain the same sizeInhalation of vomitus or other secretions into the lungs is called:AspirationRespiration VentilationRegurgitationA patient who is wearing a Medic Alert bracelet or NecklaceHas expressed his or her legal right not to be resuscitatedHas consented to the release of information to medical personnel Usually has a serious condition that cannot be treated in the fieldCannot legally be treated without the consent of a family memberDuring the assessment of an unresponsive young female who overdosed on an unknown type of drug, you note that her pupils are bilaterally constricted. Which of the following types of drugs should you suspect?NarcoticMarijuanaBarbiturateAmphetamineIt is usually best to collect a medical history on a patient who is experiencing a medical problem:Before you perform your primary assessmentOnly after advanced life support has been providedBefore you perform a secondary patient assessmentAfter other emergency medical service personnel have arrived at the sceneWhen caring for a patient with a medical problem it is important to: Provide frequent reassurance to the patientPromise the patient that everything will be okayObtain your information form the patients familyTake the patients blood pressure every 3 minutesThe MOST common cause of seizures in infants and young children is: EpilepsyA sudden high feverA severe head injuryDrug or alcohol poisoningThe heart receives its oxygen supply from the:Coronary arteriesPulmonary veinsPulmonary arteriesCoronary capillariesA major sign or symptom of CHF is:Chest painCold, pale skinA rapid pulse rateBreathing difficultyEmphysema is caused by:Damage to the alveoli in the lungsA bacterial infection within the lungsInflammation of the airways in the lungsNarrowing of small airways of the lungsMost strokes are caused by a:Head injury that causes the brain to swellBlood clot that lodges in an artery in the brainRuptured artery that causes bleeding in the brainSeizure in which the brain deprived of oxygenInsulin shock occurs when the:Diabetic patient eats an excessive amount of sugarLevel of sugar in the blood is elevated significantlyBody does not produce an adequate supply of insulinBody has enough insulin but not enough glucoseA person experiencing _____ may appear to be drunk.A seizureDiabetic comaInsulin shockHigh blood sugar levelsCommon signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include:Fruity breath odorRapid deteriorationPale, moist, cool skinDizziness or headacheWhich of the following is NOT a route by which a poison can enter the body?DilutionIngestionInjectionInhalationWhich of the following routes occurs when a person is stung by an insect or bitten by a snake?InjectionIngestionInhalationAbsorptionAbsorption occurs when a poison enters the body through:The mouth and is absorbed by the digestive systemIntact skin and spreads through the circulatory systemThe mouth or nose and is absorbed by the respiratory systemAn opening in the skin and spreads through the circulatory systemMuch of the emergency care you provide to a patient who is poisoned is based on the:Route by which the poison entered the bodyReason why the poisoning incident occurredSpecific type of poison involved in the incidentSigns and symptoms the patient is experiencingWhen treating a person who has ingested a poison, you should first:Notify the poison control centerIdentify the poison the person ingestedInducing the vomiting with syrup of ipecacArrange for prompt transport to a hospitalActivated charcoal works by:Binding to the poisonCausing the patient to vomitReversing the effects of poisonFacilitating digestion of the poisonThe usual adult dose of activated charcoal is:5 to 12.5 g25 to 50 g12.5 to 25 g25 to 100 gYou are the first medically trained person to arrive at a residence for a 40yr old woman who has a severe headache and nausea. As you are assessing the patient, her husband tells you that he and his son have the same symptoms. You should:Remove everyone from the residence at onceSuspect that the family is suffering from the fluPerform a thorough physical exam on all patientsRequest additional resources to care for the patientsAnaphylactic shock is characterized by:Itching, a rapid pulse, high blood pressure and anxietyHives, a rapid pulse, low blood pressure and unconsciousnessRapid facial swelling followed immediately by cardiac arrestRed streaks to the face, a weak pulse, and extreme hypersensitivity A patients reaction to an injected drug is MOSTLY dependent on:His or her age and body weightThe type and quantity of the drugThe reason he or she injected the drugThe state of his or her underlying healthBehavior that is characterized by defective or lost contact with reality is called:Psychotic behaviorSituational behaviorPsychological behaviorSchizophrenic behaviorWhile assisting paramedics in the attempted resuscitation of a 60 yr old woman in cardiac arrest, the senior paramedic determines that the patient is dead after exhausting all efforts. When you attempt to comfort the patients husband, he becomes verbally abusive and tells you that you should have been able to save his wife’s life. You should:Reassure the husband that his wife’s death is not your faultInclude the husband’s comments in your patient care reportAsk the senior paramedic if he or she did everything possibleRealize that the man’s behavior is not a personal attack on youIf you suspect that a person has been abused, your initial responsibility is to:Report the situation to law enforcementMaintain safety for yourself and the patientImmediately update the responding emergency medical service unitObjectively document your assessment findingsOne of the main cause of suicide in older people is:Drug abuseSchizophreniaTerminal diseaseDomestic problemsYou are assisting paramedics who are attempting to resuscitate an elderly man in cardiac arrest. The patient’s wife, who is emotionally distraught, is standing alone in the corner of the room observing. One of the paramedics asks you to provide emotional support to the wife. What should you say to her? “it is not healthy for you to watch this”“Do you want us to stop performing CPR?”“There is a good chance that he will survive”“We are doing everything that we possibly can”.Which of the following people would be LEAST likely to experience a heat-related illness?A 55 yr old woman who has diabetesA 78 yr old man who has heart diseaseA 6 mo old infant who was born prematurelyA 30 yr old man who is slightly overweightCommon signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following EXCEPT:Flushed, dry skinLightheadednessProfuse sweatingNausea and dizzinessYou are assessing a conscious and alert 20 yr old man who complains of dizziness, lightheadedness and nausea that began after working for several hours in the sun. The ambient temperature is 100 degrees Farenheit. After moving the patient to a cooler environment and assessing him, you should:Give him 1 to 2 Liters of cool water for rehydrationMonitor his ABCs and arrange for transport to the hospitalRapidly cool him by applying ice packs to his groin regionTell him to go home and get rest before returning to workSusceptibility to frostbite is highest in patients weakened by all of the following EXCEPT:Old ageHungerExhaustionActive shiveringThe skin of a patient with deep frostbite is MOST commonly:Soft to the touchWhite and waxyFlushed driveAbsent of blistersThe initial stage of drowning usually involves:Panic A seizureExhaustionLaryngospasmShock is MOST accurately defined as:Massive internal bleedingCardiovascular system collapseExcess carbon dioxide removalFailure of the respiratory system The pulse is a pressure wave generated through the body’s arteries when the _________ contracts.AortaLeft atriumRight AtriumLeft Ventricle General treatment for shock includes:Elevating the patients head 6” to 12” (15.2 to 30.4 cm)Giving the patient small sips of warm waterMaintaining body temperature with blanketsDefinitively treating the cause of the shockWhen assisting patient who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with his or her medication auto injector, you should:Push the injector firmly against the thigh and hold it for several secondsConfirm that the drug Is not expired, but do not administer it until paramedics arriveInstruct the patient to self inject the medication into the muscles of his or her upper armPush the injector firmly into the abdominal muscles and hold it in place for at least 60 secondsThe amount of damage caused by a gunshot wound is MOST dependent on the:Part of the body injured and the reason why the patient was shotCaliber of the gun used and the part of the body that was affectedDegree of ricochet that occurred when the bullet entered the bodyType of gun used and the distance between the gun and the victimCompared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound:Closes quickly Is usually largerBleeds less severelyIs often much smallerThermal burns are caused by:FireHeatElectricityLightningAreas of the skeletal system include all of the following EXCEPT the:DiaphragmSpinal columnShoulder girdleLower extremitiesThe spine consists of a series of separate bones called:DiscsGirdlesCartilageVertebraeEach shoulder girdle supports an arm and consists of the:Clavicle and scapulaScapula and collarboneHumerus and collarboneShoulder blade and clavicleEach upper extremity consists of the:Arm and shoulder bladeForearm and collarboneShoulder blade and radiusHumerus, radius and ulnaThe 12 sets of ribs: Attach directly to the sternumProtect the heart, lungs, liver and spleenAttach to the lumbar part of the spineAre not attached to any part of the spineThe strongest bone in the entire body is the:FemurFibulaPatellaUpper jawboneRed blood cells are manufactured primarily within the spaces inside the bone called the:PlasmaMarrowPlateletsPeriosteumMuscles are attached to bones by:JointsTendonsCartilageLigamentsWhich type of muscle is attached to bones and can be contracted and relaxed by a person at will?SmoothVoluntaryAutomaticInvoluntaryMost musculoskeletal injuries involve:Cardiac muscleSmooth muscleSkeletal muscleInvoluntary muscleWhich of the following scenarios MOST accurately describes trauma caused by direct force?A football player sustains a knee injury after his leg is severely twistedA pedestrian sustains a broken leg after being struck on the leg by a carA woman falls on her shoulder and sustains a fracture of the collarboneA man sustains a hip dislocation after his knees smash into the dashboardWhich of the following is NOT an essential step in examining a patient with a limb injury?Realigning the broken bone endsPerforming a focused exam of the injured limbPerforming a general assessment of the patientEvaluating the sensation in the injured limbLimb injuries are generally not life threatening unless:Circulation to the limb is absentBones protrude through the skinExcessive bleeding is presentThe patient is very young or elderlyBefore focusing your attention on any injured limb, you must:Stabilize the patients airway, breathing and circulationTake at least one set of vital signsCheck all limbs for possible injuryAlways wear full facial protectionAn important aspect of splinting is to:Carefully straighten an injured joint before applying a splintAlways realign a deformed extremity prior to applying a splintCheck distal circulation and sensation before and after splintingImmobilize the major joint that is immediately below the injuryGeneral principles of splinting include all of the following EXCEPT:Noting and recording circulation and sensationRemove clothing to inspect for open woundsCovering open wounds after applying the splintImmobilizing the joint above and below the injuryYou should splint an injured elbow in the position in which it is found because:This will make it easier for the physician to read the x-rayAny movement of the elbow causes the patient severe painSevere muscle spasms will prevent movement of the elbowMoving the elbow can cause nerve or blood vessel damageThe MOST definite sign of a pelvic fracture is:Numbness and tingling in both of the feet Tenderness when you compress the pelvic bonesInternal bleedingA shortened and externally rotated lower extremityThe _______ splint is specifically designed to splint fractures of the femur.Wire Board TractionInflatableWhen splinting an injured leg, one person applies the splint while the other person:Supports the leg with both handsClosely monitors distal circulationMaintain slight elevation of the legPerforms a head to toe examinationThe purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to: Provide oxygen to the brainCushion the brain from direct blowsDetect toxins in the blood streamAllow the brain to move in the skullBattle’s sign is the MOST accurately defined as: Severe bruising to both eyelidsSwelling behind one or both earsBruising behind one or both earsSwelling and bruising around the eyesIf you see CSF draining from the ear of a patient with a head injury, you should:Pack with sterile gauze Not attempt to stop drainageImmediately contact a physicianNotify responding emergency medical services (EMS) personnelSevering of the spinal cord high in the neck:Paralyzes the diaphragm and results in deathCauses the patients breathing to become laboredRenders the patient unconscious within 5 minutesPuts pressure on the nerves that control breathingYou should not move a patient with a possible spinal injury unless:You are requested to do so by law enforcementHe or she must be placed in the recovery positionHis or her condition necessitates rescue breathingYou and the patient are in an unsafe environmentYou should remove part or all of a motorcycle or football helmet if: The patient will need to be placed onto a long backboardThe helmet interferes with your ability to maintain the airwayResponding EMTs are more than 15 minutes from the sceneThe helmet fits snugly in place but the patient is I severe painA football player was injured during a rough tackle. He complains of severe neck pain but is conscious and alert and breathing without difficulty. His helmet, which fits snugly is still on. You should:Carefully remove the helmet by gently sliding it from his head as your partner supports his head and neckLeave the helmet on, manually stabilize his head, and monitor his airway until responding paramedics arriveManually stabilize his head, monitor his breathing, and request that the responding paramedics remove the helmetCut the face mask away from the helmet, administer 100% oxygen if it is available, and wait for the paramedics arriveA flail chest occurs when:Two or more ribs are broken in more than one place and the injured part bulges outward when the patient inhalesThree or more ribs are broken in at least two places and the injured part bulges outwards when the patient exhalesAt least four ribs are broken in more than three places and the injured part moves inward when the patient exhalesFour or more ribs are broken in more than three places and the injured part bulges outward when the patient inhalesCrowning is MOST accurately defined as the:Beginning of the first stage of the labor processAppearance of the placenta as it begins to deliverAmount of force with which the uterus contractsAppearance of the infant’s head during a contractionThe developing infant is also called the:EggFetusEmbryoZygoteThe third stage of labor involves:Delivery of the infantCrowning of the infantDelivery of the placentaThe onset of contractionsContractions are timed from the:End of one to the end of nextBeginning of one to the beginning of the nextEnd of one to the beginning of the nextBeginning of one to the end of the nextAs the infants head emerges from the vagina, you should:Tell the mother to take a series of slow, deep breathsApply moderate pressure to the top of the infants headPull slightly on the head to prevent explosive deliverySupport the head and advise the mother to stop pushingAfter the umbilical cord stops pulsating, you should:Tie it with gauze between the mother and newbornTie it with sterile material and cut it into two placesKeep the newborn higher than the level of the vaginaAccurately document the time the infant was bornIf the newborn does not begin to breathe on its own following delivery, you should first:Tilt its head down and to the side to facilitate mucus drainageBegin mouth to mask breathing by providing two gentle puffsVigorously dry the infant with warm towels for at least 30 secCheck the brachial pulse to see if it is greater than 100/beats/minThe delivery of an incomplete or underdeveloped fetus is MOST appropriately called a:Stillborn deliveryToxic miscarriagePostterm deliverySpontaneous abortionThe major risk associated with a prolapsed umbilical cord is:Severe drying of the umbilical cordDecreased blood flow to the motherCord compression during a contractionMassive bleeding and shock in the infantDuring breech birth:The umbilical cord has a knot tied in itThe infants head is not the presenting partThe labor process speeds up significantlyA limb is protruding from the vaginal openingA pregnant patient should be positioned on her left side because:This will slow down labor and prolong deliveryIt is usually the most comfortable position for herThe heart will be compressed if she is on her backThis will allow venous blood to return to the heartWhen communicating with a sick child, you should:Stand over the child and speak in a calm, relaxed voiceKneel down at the child’s level and establish eye contactEncourage the child to move freely to minimize anxietyReassure the child that any procedures will not be painfulIn relation to the rest of a child’s body, the:Airway is proportionalHead is relatively smallerTongue is relatively largerUpper airway is more rigidWhat are the components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?Work of breathing, appearance, and skin conditionSkin circulation, respiratory rate and blood pressurePulse rate, blood pressure and pupil reaction to lightAppearance, work of breathing and skin circulationA patchy skin discoloration is called:PallorMottlingCyanosisFlushingA healthy newborn’s resting respiratory rate should not exceed:30 breaths/min40 breaths/min50 breaths/min60/breaths/minFor the purpose of CPR, a child is defined as:Younger than 8 years of ageBetween 1 and 8 years of ageYounger than 5 years of age1 year of age to the onset of pubertyBack Slaps and chest thrusts are performed on: Conscious infants with a severe airway obstructionUnconscious children with a mild airway obstructionConscious children with a severe airway obstructionUnconscious infants with a mild airway obstructionA high pitched upper airway sound heard during inspiration is called:StridorRhonchiSnoringWheezingA classic sign of croup is:DroolingHigh fever An absent cough A barking coughIf you suspect that a child has epiglottitis, it is MOST important to:Administer oxygen with a face maskAvoid examining the child’s throatLook in the mouth fro an obstructionSeparate the child from his or her parentsAll children involved in a submersion incident should be evaluated by a physician because:Many cases of submersion injury are associated with chikd abuseFractures of the cervical spine are especially common in childrenRespiratory problems can develop several hours after submersionSubmersion in water causes permanent heart problems in childrenWhen treating a child with suspected heatstroke, it is important to:Obtain his or her body temperatureLower the body temperature slowlyCool the child until he or she shiversNot to allow the child to become chilledSeizures caused by high fever in children:Are often life threateningUsually last about 20 secondsUsually occur in about 30% of all childrenDo not result in loss of consciousnessWhich of the following causes of abdominal pain is MOST common in children?Appendicitis Aortic aneurysmGallbladder disease Infection of the pancreas Which of the following is generally NOT present in a child who has ingested a poison?Chest pain Chemical BurnsAbdominal pain Decreased respirationsThe leading cause of death in children is:Toxic ingestionGunshot wounds TraumaSubmersion incidentsChildren with serious head injuries commonly experience:Seizures HypothermiaSevere blood lossLow blood pressureIf you believe that you are dealing with a case of child abuse, your priority is to:Have the abuser arrestedCarefully question of the childEnsure the safety of the child Notify child protective servicesWhen moving a patient, who typically gives the command to begin the move?The rescuer at the patient’s headThe strongest rescuer at the scene The most senior responder at the sceneThe paramedic in charge of patient careIf you suspect that a patient has suffered a head or spine injury, you should:Move the patient quickly so that his or her spine can be immobilizedAllow the patient to move slowly as you stabilize his or her headCarefully move the patient in a sitting position to avoid further injuryKeep the patients head and spine immobilize to avoid movementThe blanket drag would be MOST appropriate to use to move a patient if he or she is:Wearing clothing that is easily torn In cardiac arrest and requires CPRWearing a sturdy shirt but no pantsUnderweight & semi-consciousnessWhen performing the two person seat carry technique, the rescuers you should:Be standing side by side when they lift the patientMaintain stabilization of the patients head as they moveKeep their backs as straight as possible and lift with their legsNot attempt to lift the patient if he or she weighs more than 120lbsWhen performing the pack strap carry technique, optimal weight distribution occurs when the:Rescuer bends forward to lift the patient Rescuer is an upright standing positionPatients armpits over the rescuers shouldersPatient weighs less than 150 poundsAny time patient has suffered a traumatic injury, should:Suspect injury to the head, neck or spineMove the patient with a folding stretcherRoutinely apply a short backboard deviceImmobilize him or her with a scoop stretcherWhen placing a patient onto a long backboard in a confined space, you should do so using the:Log roll Straddle liftDirect carryBlanket dragYour main priority when responding to any emergency scene is to:Use your lights and sirensUse a police escortGet there safely and quicklyRequest a paramedic ambulanceThe best route to take when responding to an emergency call should depend on:The weather forecast for that dayTraffic patterns and the time of dayThe number of other units respondingThe severity of the patients conditionUpon arrival at an emergency scene, your FIRST priority is to:Put up a reflective safety vestKeep your emergency lights onPark your vehicle in a safe locationDetermine the exact number of patientsMinimal protective equipment that the EMR should use during extrication includes:A helmet with a face shield and glovesSafety goggles and sterile rubber glovesThick glasses, a bunker coat and glovesA bunker coat, a helmet with a face shield, and glovesAs an EMR, your two primary extrication goals include:Stabilizing the vehicle and quickly accessing all of the patientsStabilizing the patient in the vehicle and calling the fire departmentDetermining the degree of vehicular damage and protecting yourselfObtaining safe access to the patients and ensuring patient stabilizationYou are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a car crash. There is one patient, who is still in his badly damaged car. The patient appears to be unconscious and is bleeding heavily from the mouth. After ensuring that the scene is safe, your priority should be to:Immediately remove the patient from his carPromptly but safely gain access to the patientOpen the patient’s airway and suction his mouthDirect traffic until responding paramedics arriveIn most situations, you should park your emergency response vehicle:Immediately in front of a crashed vehicleIn a location that doesn’t obstruct trafficDirectly behind a law enforcement vehicleIn an area that obstructs the flow of traffic The MOST effective way to keep bystanders away from an emergency scene is to:Use a rope or police/fire barrier tapeUse one bystander to direct the othersUse your response vehicle as a barricadeOrder the bystanders away from the sceneIf you arrive at a crash scene and find a vehicle on its side, your FIRST priority should be to:Promptly notify the Fire DepartmentCover any spilled gasoline with dirtRequest a hazardous materials team Place fuses near the crashed vehicle Patients with an air embolism or decompression sickness often require treatment in a:Operating roomHyperbaric chamberHigh-altitude chamberDecompression chamberA young woman was removed from ice water and is found to be in cardiac arrest. You should:Perform CPR for 2 minutes and then stop if there is no responseBegin CPR and continue until the patient is transported to the hospitalNot attempt resuscitation because the patient will likely not survivePerform 5 cycles of CPR and defibrillate every minute with an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)Which of the following is NOT a below ground confined space?VaultsManholesStorage silosMines or wellsA water tower is an example of a?High angle spaceElevated confined spaceGround level confined spaceBelow ground confined spaceThe two main hazards associated with confined spaces are:Low oxygen and structural collapseCarbon dioxide depletion and cyanideHypothermia and high nitrogen levelsOxygen and carbon monoxide poisoningA 50 yr old man begins experiencing shortness of breath and anxiety about 2 hours after turning his residential air conditioner on. As you enter his home, you note the smell of freshly cut grass. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to:ChlorinePhosgeneA nerve agentAn organophosphateSigns and symptoms of exposure to an organophosphate include all of the following, EXCEPT:Difficulty urinating Excessive salivationGastric upsetVomiting and diarrheaWhen responding to a scene where multiple people are suffering from unexplained symptoms, the EMR should:Suspect a common agent as the cause of the symptomsWear a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask before arriving and treating patientsStay downwind and downhill from the scene when you arriveBe most suspicious that the people were exposed to cyanideExtrication operates on principle of:Removing the patient in less than 10 minutesUsing high powered hydraulic equipmentUsing air bags to stabilize an unstable vehicleRemoving the vehicle from around the patientWhat is the MOST appropriate order for attempting to rescue a victim before entering the water?Throw, reach and rowReach, throw and rowRow, reach. And throwReach, row and throwA mass casualty incident is MOST accurately defined as a situation in which there are:2 or more types of hazardous materials involvedat least 5 critically injured and 5 deceased patients involvedmore patients than your initial resources can handlemore than 5 critically ill or injured patients involvedThe EMR’s goal during a multiple casualty incident is to:Provide the greatest medical benefit for the greatest number of people Remain aware of how many patients are involved and assist as neededTransport all critically injured patients to the most appropriate hospitalServe as the incident commander and direct rescue personnel as neededThe purpose of triage is to:Rapidly identify all non-injured patientsDetermine the number of deceased patientsPrioritize patients by order of injury severityTransport the most critically injured patientsThe START triage system:Provides a slow systematic approach to triageAllows personnel to triage a patient in 60 seconds or lessIs not effective if there are fewer than 10 patients involvedFocuses solely on the patient’s airway to determine priorityThe MOST important consideration during the extrication process is:SafetySpeedExpertiseEquipment ................
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