CHAPTER 9 EXAM



Cell Transport Study Guide

What to Study

▪ NOTES

✓ Ch. 9.1, and 9.2

✓ Class Notes on Cellular Transport (presentation downloadable on weebly)

✓ The Cell Transport Notes Packet

✓ The Gummy bear lab

✓ Ticket Outs/Do Nows

Vocabulary - ON QUIZLET (

• Active transport

• Contractile vacuole

• Dynamic equilibrium

• Diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Fluid mosaic model

• Hypertonic solution

• Hypotonic solution

• Isotonic solution

• Channel protein

• Receptor Protein

• Marker Protein

• Pinocytosis

• Osmosis

• Turgor Pressure/Osmotic Pressure

• Brownian Motion

• Solute

• Selective permeability

• Plasmolysis/Cytolysis

• Phospholipid

• Passive transport

• Phagocytosis

What To Know

1. Structure of the Cell Membrane, Cell Wall and Cytoskeleton

a. Phospholipids (how they are hydrophilic/phobic and polar/non-polar)

b. Proteins (three types…)

c. Cholesterol (what does it do?)

2. Types of Transport

a. Brownian Motion and Equilibrium

b. Active vs. Passive transport:

i. Diffusion/Facilitated Diffusion/Osmosis (PASSIVE)

ii. Protein Pumps/Endocytosis/Exocytosis (ACTIVE)

3. Cellular Environments (how are cells going to be impacted?)

a. Solute concentrations:

i. Hypertonic/Hypotonic/Isotonic

b. Turgor Pressure and plasmolysis in plant cells

c. Osmotic Pressure and cytolysis in animal cells, or protists

Questions and Content for Review:

1. The size and characteristics of solutes/molecules determine whether or not materials are able to pass into or out of a cell by passive transport.

Review Question: What types of molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane through passive transports?

Review Question: What types of molecules cannot easily pass through, and must use active transport, or not pass through at all?

2. Materials move within cells or solutions until dynamic equilibrium is reached. Sometimes a cell does not have equilibrium, and there is a concentration gradient.

Review Question: How does osmosis or diffusion allow a cell to establish equilibrium with its environment?

3. Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions all describe the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell.

4. Be able to determine which way water will diffuse (into or out of a cell) depending on the type of solution it is in. The SOLUTE DOES NOT MOVE. Rather, the water will move into/out of a cell to balance the concentration gradient. Result: Equilibrium!

-Osmotic Pressure, describe below:

-Turgor Pressure, describe below:

-Plasmolysis in Plant cells vs. Lysis in Animal cells

Describe them here:

Passive transport relies mostly on Brownian motion and natural concentrations gradients that exist in nature. Define each:

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

In contrast to passive, ACTIVE TRANSPORT, must rely on the usage of energy for the transport of certain materials against a concentration gradient, or because they are too large.

Define Each:

Protein Pumps

Exocytosis/Endocytosis

Phagocytosis/Pinocytosis

Cell Transport Practice Problems: The following are practice problems that ask you to figure out what impact each situation will have on cells:

In questions 1 and 2, there is a semipermeable membrane separating each solution.

1. Which salt solution is more concentrated? Solution A has 18grams of salt in 6Liters of water. Solution B has 24g of salt in 12L of water. Show your work.

Which direction would water move and why?

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2. Which sucrose solution has the higher concentration? Solution A has 7g of sucrose in 2L of water. Solution B has 49g of sucrose in 14L of water. Show your work.

In which direction will water move between the two solutions, and why?

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3. Human blood cells have a concentration of approximately 0.7% NaCl. What would happen to human blood cells if they were placed in a solution with a concentration of 2.9% NaCl? Explain WHY.

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4. What would happen to human blood cells if they were placed in a hypotonic solution of NaCl? Explain. Which direction would water move? Explain.

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