8506
8506 |primary cells & batteries, parts | |
|850611 |Primary Cells, Primary Batteries, of Manganese Dioxide, Not Exceeding 300cm3 |
|850612 |Primary Cells, Primary Batteries, of Mercuric Oxide, Not Exceeding 300cm3 |
|850613 |Primary Cells, Primary Batteries, of Silver Oxide, Not Exceeding 300cm3 |
|850619 |Other Primary Cells & Primary Batteries, Not Exceeding 300cm3 |
|850620 |Primary Cells & Primary Batteries, External Volume Exceeding 300cm3 |
|850690 |Parts of Primary Cells and of Primary Batteries |
American Standards
ANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2005, Dry Cells and
Batteries – Specifications
Applies to portable primary cells and batteries
with aqueous electrolyte and a zinc anode
(non-lithium). This edition includes the
following electrochemical systems: a) Carbon
zinc (LeClanche and zinc chloride types); b)
Alkaline manganese dioxide; c) Silver oxide; d)
Zinc air.
ANSI C18.1M, Part 2-2003, Portable
Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous
Electrolyte - Safety Standard
Specifies performance requirements for
portable primary batteries with aqueous
electrolyte and zinc anode (non-lithium) to
ensure their safe operation under normal use
and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
ANSI C18.2M, Part 1-2003, Portable
Rechargeable Cells and Batteries-
General and Specifications
Applies to portable rechargeable, or secondary,
cells and batteries based on the following
electrochemical systems: A.) Nickel-cadmium,
B.) Nickel-metal hydride, C.) Sealed lead-acid,
D.) Lithium-ion. Section 1 of this standard
contains general information and all
standardized performance and mechanical
tests upon which all the specifications in
Section 2 are based.Section 2 specification
sheets list those tests and requirements
described herein that are required for each
battery. Not all tests in Section 1 are
necessarily required on every specification
sheet.
ANSI C18.2M, Part 2-1999, Portable
Rechargeble Cells and Batteries - Safety
Standard
ANSI C18.3M, Part 1-2005, Portable
Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries -
General and Specifications
This standard applies to portable lithium
primary cells and batteries. This edition
includes the following electrochemical systems:
a) Lithium/carbon monofluoride;
b) Lithium/manganese dioxide;
c) Lithium/iron disulfide.
Applies to portable lithium primary cells and
batteries. This edition will include the following
electrochemical systems: lithium/carbon
monofluoride, lithium/manganese dioxide, and
lithium/iron disulfide.
ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2004, Portable
Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries -
Safety Standard
Specifies tests and requirements for portable
primary lithium cells and batteries, both the
chemical systems and the types covered in
ANSI C18.3M, Part 1, to ensure their safe
operation under normal use and reasonably
foreseeable misuse.
IEEE 1625-2004, Rechargeable Batteries
for Portable Computing
Guides manufacturers/suppliers in planning
and implementing the controls for the design
and manufacture of Li-Ion an Li-Ion Polymer
rechargeable battery packs used for portable
computing.
IEEE 485-1997 (R2003), Recommended
Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for
Stationary Applications
Describes methods for defining the dc load and
for sizing a lead-acid battery to supply that load
for stationary battery applications in full float
operations
ANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2005, Dry Cells and
Batteries – Specifications
Applies to portable primary cells and batteries
with aqueous electrolyte and a zinc anode
(non-lithium). This edition includes the
following electrochemical systems: a) Carbon
zinc (LeClanche and zinc chloride types); b)
Alkaline manganese dioxide; c) Silver oxide; d)
Zinc air.
ANSI C18.3M, Part 1-2005, Portable
Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries -
General and Specifications
This standard applies to portable lithium
primary cells and batteries. This edition
includes the following electrochemical systems:
a) Lithium/carbon monofluoride;
b) Lithium/manganese dioxide;
c) Lithium/iron disulfide.
Applies to portable lithium primary cells and
batteries. This edition will include the following
electrochemical systems: lithium/carbon
monofluoride, lithium/manganese dioxide, and
lithium/iron disulfide.
International Standards
IEC
IEC 60050-482 Ed. 1.0 b:2004 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part
482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries
"Gives the general terminology used in the fields of primary
and secondary cells and batteries, and reflects the technology,
design, construction, performance and application employed."
IEC 60896-11 Ed. 1.0 b:2002 Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 11: Vented
types - General requirements and methods of
tests
"This part of IEC 60896 is applicable to lead-acid cells and
batteries which are designed for service in fixed locations (i.e.
not habitually to be moved from place to place) and which are
permanently connected to the load and to the d.c. power
supply. Batteries operating in such applications are called
""stationary batteries"". Any type or construction of lead-acid
battery may be used for stationary battery applications. This
part 11 of the standard is applicable to vented types only.
This first edition of IEC 60896-11 cancels and replaces IEC
60896-1 (first edition) published in 1987 and its amendments 1
(1988) and 2 (1990), and constitutes a technical revision.
IEC 60896-21 Ed. 1.0 b:2004 Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 21: Valve
regulated types - Methods of test
"This part of IEC 60896 applies to all stationary lead-acid cells
and monobloc batteries of the valve regulated type for float
charge applications, (i.e. permanently connected to a load and
to a d.c. power supply), in a static location (i.e. not generally
intended to be moved from place to place) and incorporated
into stationary equipment or installed in battery rooms for use
in telecom, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), utility
switching, emergency power or similar applications. The
objective of this part of IEC 60896 is to specify the methods of
test for all types and construction of valve regulated stationary
lead acid cells and monobloc batteries used in standby power
applications "
IEC 60896-22 Ed. 1.0 b:2004 Stationary lead-acid batteries - Part 22: Valve
regulated types - Requirements
"This part of IEC 60896 applies to all stationary lead-acid cells
and monobloc batteries of the valve regulated type for float
charge applications, (i.e. permanently connected to a load and
to a d.c. power supply), in a static location (i.e. not generally
intended to be moved from place to place) and incorporated
into stationary equipment or installed in battery rooms for use
in telecom, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), utility
switching, emergency power or similar applications. The
objective of this part of IEC 60896 is to assist the specifier in
the understanding of the purpose of each test contained within
IEC 60896-21 and provide guidance on a suitable requirement
that will result in the battery meeting the needs of a particular
industry application and operational condition. This standard is
used in conjunction with the common test methods described
in IEC 60896-21 and is associated with all types and
construction of valve regulated stationary lead-acid cells and
monoblocs used in standby power applications. "
IEC 62281 Ed. 1.0 b:2004 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and
batteries during transport
Specifies test methods and requirements for primary and
secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure
their safety during transport other than for recycling or
disposal. Has the status of a group safety publication in
accordance with IEC Guide 104.
IEC/TR 61056-3 Ed. 1.0 b:1991 Portable lead-acid cells and batteries
(Valve-regulated types) - Part 3: Safety
recommendations for use in electric appliances
"This Technical Report is applicable to lead-acid cells and
batteries of valve-regulated type for cyclic application e.g.
portable equipment, tools, toys, etc. Has the status of a
technical report type 3. "
IEC/TS 61382-1 Ed. 1.0 b:1996 Nickel/cadmium rechargeable cells for vehicle
propulsion applications - Part 1: Dynamic
discharge performance test (DDPT) and dynamic
endurance test (DET)
This publication has the status of a technical report type 2
IEC 60254-2 Ed. 3.1 b:2000 Lead-acid traction batteries - Part 2: Dimensions
of cells and terminals and marking of polarity on
cells
"Specifies: - the maximum external (overall) dimensions of
traction battery cells, that is, the width, the height and the
length; - the form of the marking of traction battery cell polarity
and dimensions of corresponding symbols; - the basic
dimensions of some commonly used traction battery terminals
designed to connect output cables to the battery "
(3) Easily removable
The term “easily removable”, with respect to a battery, means detachable or removable at the end of the life of the battery—
(A) from a consumer product by a consumer with the use of common household tools; or
(B) by a retailer of replacements for a battery used as the principal electrical power source for a vehicle.
(4) Mercuric-oxide battery
The term “mercuric-oxide battery” means a battery that uses a mercuric-oxide electrode.
(5) Rechargeable battery
The term “rechargeable battery”—
(A) means 1 or more voltaic or galvanic cells, electrically connected to produce electric energy, that is designed to be recharged for repeated uses; and
(B) includes any type of enclosed device or sealed container consisting of 1 or more such cells, including what is commonly called a battery pack (and in the case of a battery pack, for the purposes of the requirements of easy removability and labeling under section 14322 of this title, means the battery pack as a whole rather than each component individually); but
(C) Does not include—
(i) a lead-acid battery used to start an internal combustion engine or as the principal electrical power source for a vehicle, such as an automobile, a truck, construction equipment, a motorcycle, a garden tractor, a golf cart, a wheelchair, or a boat;
(ii) a lead-acid battery used for load leveling or for storage of electricity generated by an alternative energy source, such as a solar cell or wind-driven generator;
(iii) a battery used as a backup power source for memory or program instruction storage, timekeeping, or any similar purpose that requires uninterrupted electrical power in order to function if the primary energy supply fails or fluctuates momentarily; or
(iv) A rechargeable alkaline battery.
(6) Rechargeable consumer product
The term “rechargeable consumer product”—
(A) Means a product that, when sold at retail, includes a regulated battery as a primary energy supply, and that is primarily intended for personal or household use; but
(B) Does not include a product that only uses a battery solely as a source of backup power for memory or program instruction storage, timekeeping, or any similar purpose that requires uninterrupted electrical power in order to function if the primary energy supply fails or fluctuates momentarily.
(7) Regulated battery
The term “regulated battery” means a rechargeable battery that—
(A) Contains a cadmium or a lead electrode or any combination of cadmium and lead electrodes; or
(B) Contains other electrode chemistries and is the subject of a determination by the Administrator under section 14322 (d) of this title.
(8) Remanufactured product
The term “remanufactured product” means a rechargeable consumer product that has been altered by the replacement of parts, repackaged, or repaired after initial sale by the original manufacturer.
Safety Standards for the workplace
Safety standards for the workplace are set by OSHA.
←
←
Employees working in battery manufacturing plants may potentially be exposed to lead concentrations greater than the OSHA permissible exposure limit.
Respiratory protection and medical surveillance are essential for controlling lead exposure levels and preventing lead-related disease when engineering and work practice controls, including administrative controls such as employee rotation, to the extent feasible, do not reduce airborne lead levels below the permissible exposure limit. Please refer to respiratory protection and medical surveillance for more information.
The OSHA Lead Standard requires the employer to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level through the use of engineering and work practice controls [1910.1025(e)(1)]. The engineering and work practice controls addressed in this eTool have been shown to reduce employee exposure and are provided to assist employers and employees in complying with the OSHA Lead Standard. It is the employer's responsibility to evaluate the sources of exposure and the specific controls for operations that are necessary to comply with the Lead Standard.
Oxide and Grid Production, Plate Processing, Battery Assembly, Battery Repair and Reclaim, Environmental Controls, and Maintenance are operations workers perform in battery manufacturing plants.
Information on potential sources of exposure, Engineering Controls, work practices, and OSHA Lead Requirements are provided to assist in compliance with the OSHA Lead Standard.
OSHA Lead Requirements for PPE, Housekeeping, and Hygiene Facilities
The OSHA Lead Standard addresses specific requirements for the following:
o Protective Clothing and Equipment
o Housekeeping
o Hygiene Facilities
IEC Standards
IEC 60086-3 Ed. 2.0 b:2004
Primary batteries - Part 3: Watch batteries "This part of IEC 60086 specifies dimensions, designation,
methods of tests and requirements for primary batteries for
watches. In several cases, a list of test methods is given.
When presenting battery electrical characteristics and/or
performance data, the manufacturer should specify which test
method was used."
IEC 60952-1 Ed. 2.0 b:2004
Aircraft batteries - Part 1: General test
requirements and performance levels
"This part of IEC 60952 defines test procedures for the
evaluation, comparison and qualification of batteries and
states minimum environmental performance levels for
airworthiness. Where specific tests are defined with no
pass/fail requirement (to establish performance capability), the
manufacturer's declared values, from qualification testing, will
be used to establish minimum requirements for ongoing
maintenance of approval for that design of battery.
IEC 61427 Ed. 2.0 b:2005
Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic
energy systems (PVES) - General requirements
and methods of test
"This International Standard gives general information relating
to the requirements of the secondary batteries used in
photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) and to the typical
methods of test used for the verification of battery
performances. This International Standard does not include
specific information relating to battery sizing, method of charge
or PVES design. "
IEC 62034 Ed. 1.0 b:2006
Automatic test systems for battery powered
emergency escape lighting
This International Standard specifies the basic performance
and safety requirements for individual products and
components that are incorporated into automatic test systems
for use with emergency lighting systems on supply voltages
not exceeding 1000 V.
IEC/TR 61955 Ed. 1.0 en:1998
Primary batteries - Summary of research and
actions limiting risks to reversed installation of
primary batteries "Provides information relevant to the
safe design of batteries and battery powered devices together
with appropriate cautionary advice to consumers. This report is primarily
intended to be used by battery manufacturers, equipment
manufacturers, designers, standard writers, consumer
organizations, and charger manufacturers. This report may
also be of assistance to educational authorities, users,
procurement personnel, and regulatory authorities. "
Packaging:
Packaging requirements will be subject to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG).
DANGEROUS GOODS MANIFEST EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. CONTAINER NUMBER (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1 and Class 7)
When the substance or article is being carried in a container, the alphanumeric container number is to be shown, e.g.AXBX 9876543.
2. NO. AND KIND OF PACKAGES
Plain language entry - e.g. “250 steel drums”.
3. PROPER SHIPPING NAME (Compulsory Field)
(Refer to column 2 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
Trade name and Technical name will not be accepted.
4. IMO CLASS (PRIMARY HAZARD) (Compulsory Field)
(Refer to column 3 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
It includes IMDG Classification number and (if applicable) the relevant division. Class 1 substances and articles
must always show the Division Number and Compatibility Group.
5. UN NUMBER (Compulsory Field)
(Refer to column 1 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
It must correspond to the number allocated to the Proper Shipping Name.
6. PACKING GROUP
(Refer to column 5 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
Where packing group number has been assigned to the substance or article in the IMDG Code, i.e. I, II, III or N/A.
7. SUBSIDIARY RISK(S)
(Refer to column 4 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
If subsidiary risk(s) has been identified in addition to its primary hazard as shown in item 3 above.
8. FLASH POINT IF 61°C or BELOW (closed cup (c.c) flash point in °C) - (if applicable)
The presence of impurities may cause the flashpoint lower or higher than the reference flashpoint indicated in column
17 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code.
9. MARINE POLLUTANT
(Refer to column 4 of the Dangerous Goods List in Volume 2 of the IMDG Code)
“Y” indicates the goods are Marine Pollutant.
“N” indicates the goods are Non-Marine Pollutant.
“S” indicates the goods are Severe Marine Pollutant.
10. DG NET MASS (Kg) / DG GROSS MASS (Kg) (Compulsory Field)
11. N.E.C. - (NET EXPLOSIVE CONTENT) (Kg) (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1)
12. STOWAGE LOCATION (Compulsory Field for DG of Class 1 and Class 7)
Cellular container ship: Bay, Row, Tier Location. e.g. 030084 or 100208A
13. PORT OF LOADING (Compulsory Field)
Enter “1” to indicate loading in HK;
“2” to indicate loading in PRC;
“3” to indicate loading in others.
14. PORT OF DISCHARGE (Compulsory Field)
Enter “1” to indicate discharging in HK;
“2” to indicate discharging in HK (For Transshipment);
“3” to indicate discharging in PRC;
“4” to indicate discharging in others.
Packaging requirements are also subject to a special child-resistant and senior-citizen friendly packaging (for simplicity, referred to as CRP) requirement. For more information,
List of certificates to be carried on board the ship in transit:
Transportation Regulation for Lithium, Li- Ion and Polymer Cells & Batteries:
← Organizations and regulations governing the transport of lithium, lithium ion and polymer cells and batteries
The regulations that govern the transport of primary lithium (non-rechargeable) and rechargeable lithium ion (including polymer) cells and batteries include the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions and corresponding International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. In addition, lithium and lithium ion cells and batteries are regulated in the US in accordance with Part 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, (49 CFR Sections 100-185) of the US Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). Section 173.185 provides specifications on exceptions and packaging for shipping based on details of weights, tests and classifications. The hazardous materials table in Section 172.101 also provides related shipping information. The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, which is within the US Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), is responsible for coordinating the transportation of hazardous materials (also known as dangerous goods) by air, rail, highway and water and drafting the regulations that govern such materials. These regulations are based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.
← Transportation regulations
Based on lithium weight (for primary cells and batteries) and equivalent lithium content (for lithium ion cells and batteries), the following shipping regulations currently are in effect.
[pic]
0. (1) Applies to cells and batteries with solid cathodes. The maximum lithium content for cells and batteries with liquid cathodes is 0.5 grams / 1.0 gram.
1. (2) Excepted from regulations. No testing, Class 9 markings, specification packaging, or Class 9 label required. However, due to December 15, 2004 US DOT Interim Final Rule there are certain marking requirements that apply to excepted primary lithium cells and batteries
2. (3) Excepted from regulations only if pass the UN T1-T8 Tests.
3. (4) If pass UN Tests, no Class 9 markings, specification packaging, or Class 9 label required. However, due to December 15, 2004 US DOT Interim Final Rule there are certain marking requirements that apply to excepted primary lithium cells and batteries.
4. (5) Must pass UN T1-T8 Tests and be shipped as a Class 9 hazardous material.
5. (6) Cells and batteries that fail to meet requirements of UN Tests can only be shipped if shipper secures an Approval from the US DOT. (See page 4 regarding Exemptions and Approvals for shipping and testing.)
6. (7) 49 CFR 173.185(d) does allow for cells and batteries and equipment containing cells and batteries that were first transported prior to Jan. 1, 1995, and were assigned to Class 9 on the basis of the requirements of the U.S. HMR in effect on Oct. 1, 1993, to be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements in effect on Oct. 1, 1993.
7. (8) Requires Class 9 markings, label, specification packaging, and shipping papers.
← International transportation regulations currently in effect
The international transportation regulations require battery and cell manufacturers or companies that ship equipment packed with or containing these cells and batteries to meet UN testing, marking, packaging, labeling and shipping paper specifications. These regulations are incorporated into the ICAO Technical Instructions, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, and IMDG Code. Based on lithium content (for primary cells and batteries) and equivalent lithium content (for lithium ion cells and batteries), the following international shipping regulations apply:
[pic]
0. (1) Starting January 1, 2005 all cells and batteries shipped by air must pass UN T1-T8 Tests. Cells and batteries that pass UN Tests are excepted from regulation. The IMDG Code contains a grandfather clause for testing “small” cells and batteries until December 31, 2013.
1. (2) If shipping from the U.S. under the ICAO Technical Instructions and cells or batteries fail to pass the required UN Tests, shipper must secure an Approval from the U.S. DOT prior to offering products for shipment. (See page 4 regarding Exemptions and Approvals for shipping and testing.)
2. (3) Must pass UN T1-T8 Tests and be shipped as a Class 9 hazardous material
3. (4) Packages containing more than 12 batteries or 24 cells must meet certain packaging, marking, and shipping paper requirements.
4. (5) Requires Class 9 markings, label, specification packaging, and shipping papers.
← U.S. DOT’s “Interim Final Rule” of December 15, 2004
The rule imposes a prohibition on the offering for transportation and transportation of primary lithium cells and batteries as cargo aboard passenger-carrying aircraft into, out of, or within the United States. However, primary lithium cells with no more than 5 g of lithium content and batteries with an aggregate lithium content of no more than 25 g THAT ARE PACKED WITH OR INSTALLED IN EQUIPMENT are not subject to this prohibition. The rule also requires the following statement (marking) be placed on packages containing only primary lithium cells with no more than 5 g of lithium content and batteries with an aggregate lithium content of no more than 25 g that are excepted from regulation under the U.S. HMR: “PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERIES – FORBIDDEN FOR TRANSPORT ABOARD PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.” The marking must be on a background of contrasting color in letters at 12 mm (0.5 inch) in height on packages having a gross mass of more than 30 kg (66 pounds); or at least 6 mm (0.25 inch) on packages having a gross mass of 30 kg (66 pounds) or less. Packages containing primary lithium cells with more than 5 g of lithium content and batteries with an aggregate lithium content of more than 25 g should contain the “Cargo Aircraft Only” label.
As noted previously, the prohibition does not apply to primary lithium cells with no more than 5 g of lithium content and batteries with an aggregate lithium content of no more than 25 g THAT ARE PACKED WITH OR INSTALLED IN EQUIPMENT. Packages containing such equipment, however, are subject to packaging weight limitations. When these “small” cells and batteries are packed with equipment and offered for transport on passenger-carrying aircraft the gross weight of the package must not exceed 5 kg. When these “small” cells and batteries are installed in equipment and offered for transport on passenger-carrying aircraft the net weight of the cells or batteries in a package must not exceed 5 kg.
Lithium primary cells with more than 5 g of lithium content or batteries with an aggregate lithium content of more than 25 g that are packed with or installed in equipment are subject to the passenger-carrying aircraft prohibition. Packages containing such equipment should now carry the “Cargo Aircraft Only” label.
Recommended label for use on packages containing primary lithium cells with no more than 5 g of lithium content and batteries with an aggregate lithium content of no more than 25 g that are excepted from regulation under the U.S. HMR:
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← UN “T” tests required by the UN regulatory scheme
The UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition (2003), contain the UN T1-T8 Tests that are listed below. These tests only have to be performed once for each cell and battery of a given design, and must be completed prior to shipment. Lithium cells or batteries, which differ from a tested type by: (a) A change of more than 0.1 g or 20% by mass, whichever is greater, to the cathode, to the anode, or to the electrolyte; or
(b) A change that would materially affect the test results,
shall be considered a new design type and shall be subjected to the required tests. Cells and batteries of identical design only have to be tested one time.
The following tests must be performed on all primary lithium, rechargeable lithium ion and lithium polymer cells or batteries. See the table below to determine quantities required for testing.
Test T1: Altitude Simulation – Simulates air transport under low-pressure conditions. Store at 11.6 kPa or less for 6 hours at 20°C.
Test T2: Thermal Test – Assesses cell and battery seal integrity and internal electrical connections using thermal cycling to simulate rapid and extreme temperature changes. Perform 10 cycles between 75°C and –40°C, 6 hours per cycle with no more than 30 minutes between cycles, and then observe for 24 hours.
Test T3: Vibration – Simulates vibration during transport. Sinusoidal waveform with a logarithmic sweep between 7 Hz and 200 Hz and back to 7 Hz in 15 minutes. This cycle must be repeated 12 times for a total of 3 hours for each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell or battery.
Test T4: Shock – Simulates possible impacts during transport. Half-sine shock of peak acceleration of150g and pulse duration of 6 milliseconds. Each cell or battery must be subjected to 3 shocks in the positive direction and 3 shocks in the negative direction of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions for a total of 18 shocks.
Test T5: External Short Circuit – Simulates an external short circuit. After stabilizing at 55°C, apply an external resistance of less than 0.1 ohm for 1 hour and then observe for 6 hours.
Test T6: Impact – Simulates an impact. Place a 15.8 mm diameter bar across the sample and then drop a 9.1 kg mass from a height of 61 cm on to the bar, and then observe for 6 hours.
Test T7: Overcharge – Evaluates the ability of a rechargeable battery to withstand overcharge. Charge at twice the manufacturer’s recommended maximum continuous charge current for 24 hours, and then observe for 7 days.
Test T8: Forced Discharge – Evaluates the ability of a primary or a rechargeable cell to withstand
forced discharge. Force discharge at an initial current equal to the maximum discharge current specified by the manufacturer, and then observe for 7 days.
Tests are performed sequentially on the same group of cells or batteries as shown below
[pic]
0. Complete UN testing requirements can be obtained from :
.
← Marking, packaging, and shipping paper requirements for excepted cells and batteries
Except for batteries contained in equipment, packages containing more than 24 lithium or lithium ion cells or 12 lithium or lithium ion batteries must:
o • Be marked to indicate that they contain lithium, lithium ion or lithium polymer cells or batteries and that special procedures should be followed in the event that the package is damaged (see recommended labels below);
o • Be accompanied with a document indicating that packages contain lithium batteries and that special procedures should be followed in the event a package is damaged;
o • Be capable of withstanding a 1.2 meter (3.9 ft.) drop test in any orientation without damage to cells or batteries contained in the package, without shifting of the contents that would allow short circuiting and without release of package contents; and
o • Not exceed 30 kg (66.1 lbs.) gross mass. (Does not apply to batteries packed with equipment.)
Recommended labels for use on packages containing more than 24 Excepted cells or 12 Excepted batteries:
Label for use with Excepted primary lithium cells or batteries:
[pic]
Label for use with Excepted lithium ion and lithium ion polymer cells or batteries:
[pic]
← Regulations applicable to the shipment of discharged lithium cells and batteries
Except when shipped for disposal, the US HMR prohibits the shipping of any cells and batteries with a liquid cathode containing sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride or thionyl chloride if any cell has been discharged to the extent that the open circuit voltage is less than two volts, or is less than two-thirds of the voltage of the fully charged cell, whichever is less. It is Ultralife Batteries’ policy to ship discharged or depleted lithium cells and batteries by ground only.
For more queries about battery transportation : .
Packaging:
US Department of Transportation's Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA)'s proposed rule contains new packaging, marking and shipping documentation requirements for shipments of lithium and lithium ion cells and batteries. Effective January 1, 2003, packages containing more than 24 lithium or lithium ion cells or 12 lithium or lithium ion batteries must:
• Be marked to indicate that it contains lithium or lithium ion cells or batteries and that special procedures should be followed in the event that the package is damaged;
• Be accompanied by a document indicating that the package contains lithium batteries and that special procedures should be followed in the event that the package is damaged;
• Be capable of withstanding a 1.2 meter drop test in any orientation without damage to cells or batteries contained in the package, without shifting of the contents that would allow short circuiting and without release of package contents; and
• Not exceed 30 kg gross mass.
More information on the same at :
Issues/Grouses in Packaging:
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