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Conceptual Design and Construction of a Multi-Story Office BuildingSoutheastern Louisiana UniversityET 494 – Senior Design-1143000492125Michael Rebstock – Construction Engineering TechnologyZac Venable – Construction Engineering Technology00Michael Rebstock – Construction Engineering TechnologyZac Venable – Construction Engineering TechnologyPrepared by: -11430001108710Instructor: Cris KoutsougerasAdvisor: R. Edward Rode’00Instructor: Cris KoutsougerasAdvisor: R. Edward Rode’May 5, 2016AbstractThe purpose of this senior design project is to analyze and design a multi-story commercial building. This process will display the skills and knowledge learned throughout the Engineering Technology Degree program specifically dealing with construction. The project will be completed in compliance with the IBC and local building codes. Several structural materials and strategies will be evaluated in conjunction with sustainable construction principles to produce a cost-effective and environmentally friendly building. Each step when dealing with a design-build construction project will be explained and the project will exhibit curriculum based knowledge and professionalism needed to begin a successful career in the construction industry.Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Conceptual Design and Construction of a Multi-Story Office Building PAGEREF _Toc450214852 \h 1Abstract PAGEREF _Toc450214853 \h 2Introduction PAGEREF _Toc450214854 \h 4Location PAGEREF _Toc450214855 \h 4Building Overview PAGEREF _Toc450214856 \h 5Table 1 - Quantities of Rooms PAGEREF _Toc450214857 \h 5Preliminary Design and Layout PAGEREF _Toc450214858 \h 5Figure 1 - Preliminary Floor Plan (1st Floor) PAGEREF _Toc450214859 \h 6Figure 2 - Preliminary Floor Plan (2nd Floor) PAGEREF _Toc450214860 \h 7Figure 3 - Preliminary Floor Plan (3rd Floor) PAGEREF _Toc450214861 \h 8 PAGEREF _Toc450214862 \h 10Figure 5 - Structural Framing Plan (Autodesk Revit Model) PAGEREF _Toc450214863 \h 10LEED Certification PAGEREF _Toc450214864 \h 10Elevations of Building PAGEREF _Toc450214865 \h 11Figure 7 - North Elevation PAGEREF _Toc450214866 \h 12Preliminary Estimate PAGEREF _Toc450214867 \h 12Table 2 -Expected Minimum / Maximum Cost of Building PAGEREF _Toc450214868 \h 12Structural Design and Analysis PAGEREF _Toc450214869 \h 12Building Layout PAGEREF _Toc450214870 \h 12Design Loads PAGEREF _Toc450214871 \h 13Structural Take-off – 1st Floor PAGEREF _Toc450214872 \h 13Structural Take-off – 2nd & 3rd Floor PAGEREF _Toc450214873 \h 142nd & 3rd Floor Framing Plan PAGEREF _Toc450214874 \h 15Structural Take-off – Roof PAGEREF _Toc450214875 \h 16Roof Framing Plan PAGEREF _Toc450214876 \h 16Detailed Estimate PAGEREF _Toc450214877 \h 16Project Schedule PAGEREF _Toc450214878 \h 16Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc450214879 \h 17Timeline PAGEREF _Toc450214880 \h 18IntroductionCommercial buildings represent a large portion of new construction projects throughout the United States. Commercial office buildings often present unique structural and architectural design challenges due to the emphasis on aesthetics and performance. This project will investigate the design of a three story commercial office building and will demonstrate the fundamental skills and knowledge gained throughout the Construction Engineering Technology program here at Southeastern. The goal of this project is to design an architectural plan and structural system that is cost effective, safe, and accommodating to the proposed use. First, an architectural layout and floor plan based on the building’s projected commercial use will be established. The floor plan and building layout will be designed in accordance with both state and local building codes. For commercial buildings, the state of Louisiana refers to IBC (International Building Code). Now that the initial layout and floor plan is established, a structural framing system will be designed. This system will be comprised of both steel and concrete including columns, beams, girders, and foundation elements. Glass curtain walls will also be incorporated into the exterior of the building. The curtain wall system is made up glass panels enclosed by aluminum framing. After the foundation and exterior shell is determined, our team will then focus on the components that make up the interior of the building such as walls, doors and windows, mechanical and electrical systems, plumbing, elevators and stairs, and flooring systems. Lastly, all building components will be analyzed and a complete cost estimate and construction schedule will be developed to ensure the most environmentally sustainable and cost-effective building.LocationIn order to realistically design the building and adapt to real constraints, an actual site was identified within the general area of Hammond. The search for a piece of land in the area suitable for the building construction was an intricate process. There was two pieces of land that were for sale that gained our interest. The first is on Prime Dr. near U.S. 190. This location is in a commercial setting and near I-12 and I-55, which are major corridors in the area. The lot is 2.0 Acres in size with a sale price of $239,580. The second location is on Conrad Rd, which is 4 miles from our first proposed location. This site is 3.5 acres of land allowing for more space at a cheaper cost of $228,690. We chose the second lot mainly because it was a cheaper piece of land and more acres compared to the other option. The lot is an industrial area located near an airport and major interstates, which will be ideal for future tenants.Building OverviewThe basic shape of this building will be rectangular. The overall dimensions of the building are projected to be 158’ in length, 62’ 10” in width, and 40’ in height. The gross square footage of the building is equal to 38,130 sq. ft., which is separated amongst three floor levels. An elevator will be installed on the southeast side of the building making all levels of the building handicap accessible. The building will incorporate two stairwells located in the southeast and southwest corners of the building. Table 1 depicts the types and quantities of rooms associated with each floor level.Room Type1st Floor2nd Floor3rd Floor TotalLobby1001Reception1001Conference Room1113General Office25343493Men's Restroom1113Women's Restroom1113Machine Room1001Maintenance Room0112Electrical1001Storage1113Lounge1113Table 1 - Quantities of RoomsPreliminary Design and LayoutAs stated in the introduction the objective is to design a general commercial building. The specific purpose was not identified; however, the building is capable of accommodating several different purposes. The design plan includes an open lobby at its center which serves as space for consumers and secretary/receptionist desk, men and women’s restrooms on each floor level, an elevator, conference rooms on each floor level, a kitchen / lounge on each floor, and also storage closets rooms on each floor level. It was concluded that the multi-story office building would need to have enough space to accommodate 90 working employees. The building provides office space with several different size offices for various ranking employees. These aspects of the building were taken into account during the preliminary design phase of this project and represented in figures 1, 2, 3. Also, additional components that make up the multi-story building will be analyzed to ensure the most cost effective and economically feasible structure. These components include:Exterior Wall AssembliesInterior Wall AssembliesStructural SteelUnitized Storefront Glass Systems – (Glass windows with aluminum frame installed as a panel)Concrete for slabs, footings, and side walksCorrugated Metal Decking Figure 1 - Preliminary Floor Plan (1st Floor)Figure 2 - Preliminary Floor Plan (2nd Floor)Figure 3 - Preliminary Floor Plan (3rd Floor)Below, figure 4 depicts the site overview of the building and its specific location on the selected property. The image gives dimensions of the property along with the driveways/entrance to the building. This image was constructed using AutoCAD. Figure 4 - Site Plan / LayoutcentertopFigure 5 - Structural Framing Plan (Autodesk Revit Model)LEED CertificationAnother aspect of design and construction that this project will focus on is LEED certification. This program is based on the concept of sustainability. A building that is LEED certified can provide a number of benefits not only for the building owner, but also for the surrounding environment. This project will focus incorporating environmentally friendly construction methods, using sustainable materials, and integrating energy-efficient systems into the building. Although the advantages of a LEED certified building are numerous, the cost of materials and overall construction is usually increased. However, this project will focus on areas of sustainability which involve:MaterialsEnergy efficient lighting systemsInsulation and Energy Star – rated windows.Low flow water fixtures79095607086600Modern heat pumps and energy efficient HVAC systems.Local/Regional Material VendorsStructural Steel Precast concrete PanelsAtrium RailingAluminum Door Frames / Office PartitionsCertified Wood for form boardsSite SustainabilityConstruction Waste ManagementDivert storm water to drainage servitude north of the propertyElevations of Buildingright147066000The figure below depicts the south elevation of the building. The cosmetic portion of the main entrance is 45’, while the top of building is 40’. The roof level is 35’, which is where the HVAC units will be installed.Figure 6 - West ElevationFigure 7 - North ElevationPreliminary EstimateBased on the general location and research of surrounding commercial office buildings, it is estimated that the price of a mid-rise office building can range anywhere from $74 - $81 per square foot. The table below shows the expected minimum and maximum cost of our three-story office complex. This is a preliminary estimate and does not include labor, equipment, job overhead, etc. A complete quantity take-off and cost estimation will be performed this semester once the exact type and quantity of materials is known. Price Per Sq. Ft.Total CostMinimum$74.00$2,086,800.00Maximum$81.00$2,284,200.00Table 2 -Expected Minimum / Maximum Cost of BuildingStructural Design and AnalysisBuilding LayoutGross Building AreasQuantity?1st Floor13,310S.F.2nd Floor12,410S.F.3rd Floor?12,410S.F.Gross Square Footage38,130S.F.??Roof Area13,660S.F.Mechanical Area1250S.F.Design LoadsDead LoadsDead Loads (Floor)lb/ft2kip/ft2Roofing50.005Insulation20.002Mech./Elec./Piping/Ceiling 100.01Deck20.002MSC Precast Wall Panels400.04Beams30.003Joists30.003Misc50.005TOTAL700.07The dead loads on the building are determined from the use of the spaces and the mechanical equipment. The dead loads used for design and modeling are displayed below. Dead Loads (Roof)lb/ft2kip/ft2Roofing50.005Insulation20.002Mech./Elec./Piping/Ceiling 100.01Deck20.002Beams30.003Joists30.003Misc50.005TOTAL300.03Live LoadsThe live loads distributed throughout the building are determined by the use of the spaces. They are variable loads. Unlike dead loads, live loads can be moved throughout the building to find the maximum load on the beams and columns. The live loads used based on the room usage are displayed below. The rain load is considered to be a live load and will be taken into account when designing the roof structure of the building. Based on the slope of the roof, the rain load was determined to be 10.4 psf, but it is stated in ASCE 7-02, that the total roof live load should be no less than 20 psf. This will be the governing factor when designing the roof members.Wind LoadsThe basic wind speed (V) = 140 mph, and based of the buildings location, it will be analyzed as Wind Exposure Category C. Because it is ordinary office occupancy, the wind importance factor will be 1.15. Structural Take-off – 1st FloorStructural Take-Off (1st Floor)Steel Columns - 12 ft.QuantityLbs/ColumnTotal Lbs.Total TonsW12x58669641762.088W12x4024809600.48W12x53263612720.636W12x651278093604.68W14x99121386166328.316TOTAL????3240016.2Structural Take-off – 2nd & 3rd FloorStructural Take-Off (2nd & 3rd Floor)Steel Columns - 12 ft.QuantityLbs/UnitTotal Lbs.Total TonsW12x58669641762.088W12x4024809600.48W12x53263612720.636W12x651278093604.68W14x99121386166328.316TOTAL????3240016.2?Steel BeamsLengthQuantityLbs/UnitTotal Lbs.Total TonsW10x392533390128706.435W12x45251754091804.59W14x682512952114245.712W14x2625436414560.728W14x303024208400.42W18x3515463025201.26W21x4425692455442.772W24x55256132079203.96TOTAL????5175425.8772nd & 3rd Floor Framing PlanStructural Take-Off (Roof )Steel BeamsLengthQuantityLbs/UnitTotal Lbs.Total TonsW10x15251115016500.825W12x141541686720.336W12x162541927680.384W12x192522284560.228W12x2625631218720.936W12x3525442016800.84W12x4525454021601.08W14x2225630818480.924W14x303024208400.42W14x4325460224081.204W16x5725291218240.912W21x4425292418480.924TOTAL????180269.013???????Bar JoistLengthQuantityLbs/ftLbs/UnitTotal Lbs.Total Tons16K325555.9147.58112.54.0562520K430297.321963513.1755TOTAL????144647.23Structural Take-off – RoofRoof Framing PlanDetailed EstimateThe final cost estimation was an intricate process. The structural components were estimated per beam, column, and joist as shown above. The final price was determined through the cost of steel per ton multiplied by the total tonnage. The price per ton of steel is on average four hundred and sixty six dollars and the total tonnage is seventy five. The total price for structural components excluding labor and equipment is thirty four thousand dollars. Also, the interior components were included in the estimate to give a more precise cost for the project. Project ScheduleThe project schedule was created using a program called Primavera. The construction timeline was created by breaking down each step in the construction process through the duration of the project. This allows the project team to follow each task and to ensure the days are followed. This step of the construction process is essential to remaining on budget and completing the project on the estimated completion date.ConclusionIn conclusion, the project has exhibited various skills and knowledge learned throughout the Engineering Technology Southeastern Degree Program. The project was a theoretical completion of a multistory office building. Last semester, all preliminary aspects of the project were completed, along with all necessary steps to follow the design phase. This semester, we finalized all other aspects as noted in the deliverables/timeline portion of this document. TimelineWeekDateDescription of TaskWeek 1January 18 - January 22Determine Tasks/Goals for Spring Semester – Venable/RebstockWeek 2January 25 - February 5Work on Proposal Presentation – Venable/RebstockWeek 3Week 4February 15 - February 26Complete Load Calculations – Venable/RebstockWeek 5Week 6February 29 - March 4Finalize Working Drawings - VenableWeek 7March 7 - March 18Quantity Take-Off - RebstockWeek 8Week 9March 21 - April 8Complete Project Estimate – Venable/RebstockWeek 10Week 11April 11 - April 22Complete Project Schedule – Venable/RebstockWeek 12Week 13April 25 -April 29Overview of Project / Present Final Project to Advisor and Make Adjustments AccordinglyWeek 14May 2 - May 6Prepare Final Report and Presentation for ET 494 ................
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